18. The Research Process Writing a research report Processing data Collecting data Writing a research proposal Selecting a sample Constructing an instrument for data collection Conceptualising a research design Formulating a research problem
19. The Research Process Writing a research report Processing data Collecting data Writing a research proposal Selecting a sample Constructing an instrument for data collection Conceptualising a research design Formulating a research problem Step I Step VI Step V Step IV Step III Step II Step VIII Step VII 1.Reviewing the literature 2.Formulating a research problem 3.Identifying variables 4.Constructing hypotheses 7.Selecting a method of data collection 8.Establishing the validity and reliability of research instrument 9. Steps in collecting data 11.Writing a research proposal 13.Processing data 14.Displaying data 5.The research design 6.Selecting a study design 10.Sampling 12.Considering ethical issues in data collection 15.Writing a research report
20. The Research Process Writing a research report Processing data Collecting data Writing a research proposal Selecting a sample Constructing an instrument for data collection Conceptualising a research design Formulating a research problem Consideration and steps in formulating a research problem Principle of scientific writing Methods of data processing:Use of computers and statistics Sampling theory and designs Methods and tools of data collection Research design:function Literature review Variables and hypotheses:definition and typology Study design Validity and reliability of the research tool Contents of the research proposal Field test of the research tool Editing of the data Developing a code book Coding Operational steps Required theoretical knowledge Required intermediary knowledge Conducting of the study What How
26. Type of Research Type of information sought Application Objective Descriptive research Exploratory research Correlational research Explanatory research Quantitative research Qualitative research Pure research Applied research
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28. ทฤษฎีกับการวิจัย Data Analysis Hypothesis Abstract theoretical structure Formulation of concepts and proposition High-level proposittion Generalization of empirical data Generalization of empirical data Data transformation Measurement Instrumentation Observation Inductive Deductive
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32. Types of hypothesis Alternative hypothesis Hypothesis of difference Hypothesis of association Hypothesis of point-prevalence Research hypothesis Null hypothesis Null hypothesis
