This is the first PowerPoint in the mrexham IGCSE Biology series. It is also available on iBooks. It covers the Cells section from life processes of the Edexcel IGCSE Biology course

1. IGCSE Biology – 4BI0
MAKING SENSE OF
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• Can you remember the processes in MRS C
GREN that are common to most living things?
• Can you recognise cell structures such as the
nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall,
chloroplast and vacuole, and describe their
functions?
• What are the major differences between plant
and animal cells?
1.1 Life Processes - Cells
Objectives
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MRS C GREN
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1.1 Life processes - Cells
• MRS C GREN stands for the 8 characteristics of
living things.
• All living organisms from a simple bacteria to
plants and animals, can do all of these processes.

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1.1 Life Processes - Cells
MRS C GREN

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1.1 Life Processes - Cells
Cells – The building blocks of life
• All living organisms are composed of cells.
• The simplest organisms are made of one
single cell.
• More complex organisms like animals and
plants are made of many cells and are called
multicellular organisms.
• In multicellular organisms there are many
different types of cells that are specialised to
carry out particular functions.

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• Click here to watch this video about cells
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1.1 Life Processes - Cells
Cells – The building blocks of life

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1.1 Life Processes - Cells
Cells – The building blocks of life

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1.1 Life Processes - Cells
Cells – The building blocks of life

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1.1 Life Processes - Cells
Cells – The building blocks of life
• Largest organelle.
• Controls the activities of the cell.
• Contains chromosomes.
• Chromosomes carry genes.
• The genes determine which proteins the cell
can make.
NUCLEUS

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1.1 Life Processes - Cells
Cells – The building blocks of life
CELL SURFACE MEMBRANE
• Forms a boundary between the cytoplasm and
the outside of the cell.
• Some chemicals can pass through this barrier
and the cell can control what comes in and out.
• It is selectively permeable.

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1.1 Life Processes - Cells
Cells – The building blocks of life
CYTOPLASM
• Jelly like substance which contains all of the
organelles (e.g. nucleus and mitochondria).
• Many of the cell’s chemical reactions take place
in the cytoplasm.
• These are called metabolic reactions.

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1.1 Life Processes - Cells
Cells – The building blocks of life
MITOCHONDRIA
• Carry out some of the reactions of respiration.
• Therefore releasing energy for the cell.
• Cells that have a high demand for energy
usually have many mitochondria, such as
muscle cells.

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1.1 Life Processes - Cells
Cells – The building blocks of life
CELL WALL
• Found only in plant cells.
• It is made of a non-living material called
cellulose.
• Helps the cell keep its shape.
• It is freely permeable.

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1.1 Life Processes - Cells
Cells – The building blocks of life
CHLOROPLAST
• Found in some plant cells.
• Contains chlorophyll.
• Chlorophyll is a green pigment.
• It absorbs light energy to make food in the
process of photosynthesis.

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1.1 Life Processes - Cells
Cells – The building blocks of life
VACUOLE
• Found only in plant cells.
• Filled with cell sap.
• Cell sap is a store of dissolved sugars, mineral
ions, and other solutes.
• Helps keep the cell’s shape.

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1.1 Life Processes - Cells
Cells – The building blocks of life
• Cell structures and functions summary

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1.1 Life Processes - Cells
Cells – The building blocks of life
• Click here to watch this video about cell structures

18. This PowerPoint is protected under copyright.
It is designed for educational use. Either personal study or to be
presented to a class. It may be edited or duplicated for these
purposes only.
It must not be shared or distributed online in any format.
Some images used are under a separate creative commons license,
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