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GCSE IGCSE Biology by Syllabus points

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Sep. 16, 2014

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IT’S ALIVE !!!!
1.1 Understand that living organisms share the following characteristics: they require nutrition; they re...

ALIVE OR NOT ALIVE!!
ALIVE OR NOT ALIVE
1.1 Understand that living organisms share the following characteristics: they r...

GROUPS OF LIVING ORGANISMS
1.2 describe the common features shared by organisms within the following main groups: plants,...

PLANTS
Plants: These are multicellular organisms; their cells contain chloroplasts and are able to carry out photosynthes...

PLANTS
Plants: These are multicellular organisms; their cells contain chloroplasts and are able to carry out photosynthes...

PLANTS
Plants: These are multicellular organisms; their cells contain chloroplasts and are able to carry out photosynthes...

Examples you need to know:
1) flowering plants, such as a cereals
A) Maize
PLANTS
Examples include flowering plants, s...

PLANTS
Examples include flowering plants, such as a cereal (for example maize), and a herbaceous legume (for example peas...

ANIMALS
Animals: These are multicellular organisms; their cells do not contain chloroplasts and are not able to carry out...

ANIMALS
Animals: These are multicellular organisms; their cells do not contain chloroplasts and are not able to carry out...

ANIMALS
Animals: These are multicellular organisms; their cells do not contain chloroplasts and are not able to carry out...

ANIMALS
Animals: These are multicellular organisms; their cells do not contain chloroplasts and are not able to carry out...

ANIMALS
Examples include mammals (for example humans) and insects (for example housefly and mosquito)
Examples you need ...

2) Insects
Examples include mammals (for example humans) and insects (for example housefly and mosquito)
a) Housefly
AN...

ANIMALS
Examples include mammals (for example humans) and insects (for example housefly and mosquito)
Lastly….. the use ...

Examples include mammals (for example humans) and insects (for example housefly and mosquito)
b) Mosquito
ANIMALS
Video...

FUNGI
Fungi: These are organisms that are not able to carry out photosynthesis; their body is usually organised into a my...

FUNGI ARE NOT PLANTS
5) Cells do not contain chloroplasts and are not able
to carry out photosynthesis
6) Cell walls ar...

FUNGI
Fungi Examples include Mucor , which has the typical fungal hyphal structure, and yeast, which is single-celled
Ex...

FUNGI
Fungi Examples include Mucor , which has the typical fungal hyphal structure, and yeast, which is single-celled
2)...

BACTERIA
Bacteria: These are microscopic single-celled organisms; they have a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm and pla...

BACTERIA
Bacteria: These are microscopic single-celled organisms; they have a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm and pla...

BACTERIA
Examples include Lactobacillus bulgaricus , a rod-shaped bacterium used in the production of yoghurt from milk, ...

Examples include Lactobacillus bulgaricus , a rod-shaped bacterium used in the production of yoghurt from milk, and Pneumo...

PROTOCTISTS
Protoctists: These are microscopic single-celled organisms.
When you don’t fit in scientists drop you into t...

PROTOCTISTS
Some, like Amoeba, that live in pond water, have features like an animal cell, while others, like Chlorella, ...

Some, like Amoeba, that live in pond water, have features like an animal cell, while others, like Chlorella, have chloropl...

3) Plasmodium
- Protozoa
- pathogen that causes malaria
- uses a mosquito as a vector (transfer)
- not killed by antib...

VIRUS
Viruses: These are small particles, smaller than bacteria; they are parasitic and can reproduce only inside living ...

VIRUS
Viruses: These are small particles, smaller than bacteria; they are parasitic and can reproduce only inside living ...

VIRUS
Viruses: These are small particles, smaller than bacteria; they are parasitic and can reproduce only inside living ...

VIRUS
Examples include the tobacco mosaic virus that causes discolouring of the leaves of tobacco plants by preventing th...

VIRUS
Examples include the tobacco mosaic virus that causes discolouring of the leaves of tobacco plants by preventing th...

Just thought you would like to know.

3) HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
- Pathogen causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
- Virus attacks white ...

PATHOGEN
1.3 recall the term gpathogenc and know that pathogens may be fungi, bacteria, protoctists or viruses.
Pathogen...

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
2.1 describe the levels of organisation within organisms: organelles, cells, tissues, organs and s...

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
2.1 describe the levels of organisation within organisms: organelles, cells, tissues, organs and s...

CELL STRUCTURE (PLANT & ANIMAL)
2.2 describe cell structures, including the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall,...

CELL STRUCTURE (PLANT & ANIMAL)
2.2 describe cell structures, including the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall,...

CELL STRUCTURE (PLANT & ANIMAL)
2.3 describe the functions of the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, chloropla...

PLANTS VS ANIMALS
2.4 compare the structures of plant and animal cells.
IF YOU ARE EVER ASKED TO DRAW AND LABLE A CELL I...

CELL STRUCTURE (PLANT & ANIMAL)
2.2 describe cell structures, including the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall,...

CHEMICAL ELEMENTS OF ORGANIC MOLECULES
2.5 identify the chemical elements present in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids(f...

CHEMICAL ELEMENTS OF ORGANIC MOLECULES
2.5 identify the chemical elements present in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids(f...

Making Complex Organic Structures (molecules)
2.6 describe the structure of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids as large m...

Making Complex Organic Structures (molecules)
2.6 describe the structure of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids as large m...

Making Complex Organic Structures (molecules)
2.6 describe the structure of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids as large m...

Making Complex Organic Structures (molecules)
2.6 describe the structure of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids as large m...

REVIEW: Glucose is a Monomer of several
Polymers
2.6 describe the structure of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids as lar...

Making Cellulose
(not required in your syllabus)
2.6 describe the structure of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids as lar...

Test for Glucose
2.7 describe the tests for glucose and starch
NEGATIVE TEST: Blue Solution (No change)
POSITIVE TEST: ...

Test for Starch
2.7 describe the tests for glucose and starch
NEGATIVE TEST: orange/brown Solution (No change)
POSITIVE...

Enzymes AKA Organic Catalysts
2.8 understand the role of enzymes as biological catalysts in metabolic reactions
1) Enzym...

So What is an difference between an Inorganic Catalyst and
an Enzyme
2.8 understand the role of enzymes as biological ca...

So What is an difference between an Inorganic Catalyst and
an Enzyme
2.8 understand the role of enzymes as biological ca...

Naming Enzymes
2.8 understand the role of enzymes as biological catalysts in metabolic reactions
To name an enzyme in mo...

Enzymes AKA Organic Catalysts
2.8 understand the role of enzymes as biological catalysts in metabolic reactions
Enzymes ...

Enzymes AKA Organic Catalysts
2.8 understand the role of enzymes as biological catalysts in metabolic reactions
Each enz...

Rates of enzyme reactions can be measured by recording the time for a
substrate to disappear or a product to appear.
try...

Temperature’s effect on Enzyme activity
2.9 understand how the functioning of enzymes can be affected by changes in tempe...

Temperature’s effect on Enzyme activity
2.9 understand how the functioning of enzymes can be affected by changes in tempe...

pH’s effect on Enzyme activity
2.10 understand how the functioning of enzymes can be affected by changes in active site c...

pH’s effect on Enzyme activity
2.10 understand how the functioning of enzymes can be affected by changes in active site c...

Experiments on Enzymes: TEMPERATURE
2.11 describe experiments to investigate how enzyme activity can be affected by chang...

POSSIBLE CORMMS QUESTIONS TOPICS
2.11 describe experiments to investigate how enzyme activity can be affected by changes ...

POSSIBLE CORMMS QUESTIONS TOPICS
2.11 describe experiments to investigate how enzyme activity can be affected by changes ...

Key words
catalyst catalyse protein
catalase amylase
pectinase trypsin pepsin
substrate active site product
temperatu...

Movement into and out of a cell
DEFINITIONS
2.12 understand definitions of diffusion, osmosis and active transport
Diff...

Movement into and out of a cell
Diffusion
2.12 understand definitions of diffusion, osmosis and active transport
Diffus...

Movement into and out of a cell
Diffusion
2.12 understand definitions of diffusion, osmosis and active transport
In Dif...

Movement into and out of a cell
Osmosis
2.12 understand definitions of diffusion, osmosis and active transport
Osmosis:...

Movement into and out of a cell
Active Transport
2.12 understand definitions of diffusion, osmosis and active transport ...

Movement into and out of a cell
Review
2.13 understand that movement of substances into and out of cells can be by diffu...

TURGID CELLS
2.14 understand the importance in plants of turgid cells as a means of support (TA)
EXAMINATION POINTS (ste...

RBC Example (not in syllabus)
2.14 understand the importance in plants of turgid cells as a means of support (TA)

Variables affecting movement into and out of cells
2.15 understand the factors that affect the rate of movement of substa...

Variables affecting movement into and out of cells
2.15 understand the factors that affect the rate of movement of substa...

Variables affecting movement into and out of cells
2.15 understand the factors that affect the rate of movement of substa...

Variables affecting movement into and out of cells
2.15 understand the factors that affect the rate of movement of substa...

Experiments on Diffusion and Osmosis
2.16 describe experiments to investigate diffusion and osmosis using living and non-...

NUTRITION
(Yum Yum Yum)

PLANT NUTRTITION
2.17 describe the process of photosynthesis and understand its importance in the
conversion of light en...

Photosynthesis Equation
2.18 write the word equation and the balanced chemical symbol equation for photosynthesis
Nutrit...

Light ….. Glucose….. ?
2.18 write the word equation and the balanced chemical symbol equation for photosynthesis
Through...

Photosynthesis Rate
2.19 understand how varying carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity and temperature affect the ...

Limiting Factors
2.19 understand how varying carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity and temperature affect the rat...

Drawing the Graph
2.19 understand how varying carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity and temperature affect the ra...

?Temperature?
2.19 understand how varying carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity and temperature affect the rate o...

?Temperature?
2.19 understand how varying carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity and temperature affect the rate o...

Changing the Limiting Factor
2.19 understand how varying carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity and temperature af...

What about Water?
2.19 understand how varying carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity and temperature affect the ra...

Leaf Structure
2.20 describe the structure of the leaf and explain how it is adapted for photosynthesis
You need to know...

SIMPLE CROSS SECTIONAL LEAF DIAGRAM
2.20 describe the structure of the leaf and explain how it is adapted for photosynthe...

More Complicated Cross Section
2.20 describe the structure of the leaf and explain how it is adapted for photosynthesis

In Real Life
2.20 describe the structure of the leaf and explain how it is adapted for photosynthesis

LABEL
2.20 describe the structure of the leaf and explain how it is adapted for photosynthesis

Adaptation
2.20 describe the structure of the leaf and explain how it is adapted for photosynthesis

Which Tissues Are Missing?
2.20 describe the structure of the leaf and explain how it is adapted for photosynthesis
Plea...

Minerals for Nutrition
2.21 understand that plants require mineral ions for growth and that magnesium ions are needed for...

Experiment we CAN NOT do!

EXPERIMENTS WE CAN DO
2.22 describe experiments to investigate photosynthesis, showing the evolution of oxygen from a wat...

Using Pond Weed
2.22 describe experiments to investigate photosynthesis, showing the evolution of oxygen from a water pla...

Set up for Photosynthesis Rate Vs Light intensity
2.22 describe experiments to investigate photosynthesis, showing the ev...

Setup for Photosynthsis Rate Vs CO2
Concentration
2.22 describe experiments to investigate photosynthesis, showing the e...

Testing Photosynthesis by Starch
2.22 describe experiments to investigate photosynthesis, showing the evolution of oxygen...

Testing Photosynthesis by Starch
2.22 describe experiments to investigate photosynthesis, showing the evolution of oxygen...

Destarching
2.22 describe experiments to investigate photosynthesis, showing the evolution of oxygen from a water plant, ...

Destarching
2.22 describe experiments to investigate photosynthesis, showing the evolution of oxygen from a water plant, ...

Nutrition in Humans
Syllabus points 2.23 – 2.32

Balanced Diet
2.23 understand that a balanced diet should include appropriate proportions of carbohydrate, protein, lipid...

Balanced Diet
2.23 understand that a balanced diet should include appropriate proportions of carbohydrate, protein, lipid...

Balanced Diet
2.23 understand that a balanced diet should include appropriate proportions of carbohydrate, protein, lipid...

What do you have to eat
2.24 identify sources and describe functions of carbohydrate, protein, lipid (fats and oils), vit...

Not all bodies are Energy (J) Equal
2.25 understand that energy requirements vary with activity levels, age and pregnancy...

Not all bodies are Energy (J) Equal
2.25 understand that energy requirements vary with activity levels, age and pregnancy...

Not all bodies are Energy (J) Equal
2.25 understand that energy requirements vary with activity levels, age and pregnancy...

Name that structure
2.26 describe the structures of the human alimentary canal and describe the functions of the mouth, o...

Describe the function
2.26 describe the structures of the human alimentary canal and describe the functions of the mouth,...

Flow Chart the Process
2.27 understand the processes of ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion
Inge...

Flow Chart the Process
2.27 understand the processes of ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion
Dige...

Peristalsis
2.28 explain how and why food is moved through the gut by peristalsis
Food is moved the digestive
system by...

Digestive Enzymes
2.29 understand the role of digestive enzymes, to include the digestion of starch to glucose by amylase...

Bile is not so Vile
2.30 understand that bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder, and understand the...

Silli Villi
2.31 describe the structure of a villus and explain how this helps absorption of the products of digestion in...

How much energy is in that crisp?
2.32 describe an experiment to investigate the energy content in a food sample.(TA)
Yo...

How much energy is in that peanut?
2.32 describe an experiment to investigate the energy content in a food sample.(TA)
T...

Respiration releases ENERGY
2.33 understand that the process of respiration releases energy in living organisms

Aerobic and Anerobic
2.34 describe the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Word and Chemical Equation
2.35 write the word equation and the balanced chemical symbol equation for aerobic respiration...

Anaerobic Repiration Word Equation
2.36 write the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and in animals

Experiment for Respiration
2.37 describe experiments to investigate the evolution of carbon dioxide and heat from respiri...

Gas Exchange
2.38 understand the role of diffusion in gas exchange

GAS EXCHANGE IN PLANTS
2.39 understand gas exchange (of carbon dioxide and oxygen) in relation to respiration and photosy...

Photosynthesis & Respiration
2.39 understand gas exchange (of carbon dioxide and oxygen) in relation to respiration and p...

Light Intensity & Gas Exchange
2.40 understand that respiration continues during the day and night, but that the net exch...

Light
Intensity &
Gas
Exchange
2.40 understand that respiration
continues during the day and night,
but that the net...

Leaf Structure and Photosynthesis
2.41 explain how the structure of the leaf is adapted for gas exchange

Stomata and Gas Exchange
2.42 describe the role of stomata in gas exchange
In sunlight the guard cell becomes turgid
Tu...

Stomata and Gas Exchange
2.42 describe the role of stomata in gas exchange
Exp
1
Exp
2

Stomata and Gas Exchange
2.42 describe the role of stomata in gas exchange
Potometer
1) You must cut the shoots under w...

Stomata and Gas Exchange
2.42 describe the role of stomata in gas exchange

Experiment to Know
2.43 describe experiments to investigate the effect of light on net gas exchange from a leaf, using hy...

Gas Exchange in Humans
Syllabus points 2.44 – 2.48

Gas Exchange in Humans
Syllabus points 2.44 – 2.48

Gas Exchange in Humans
Syllabus points 2.44 – 2.48

Gas Exchange in Humans
Syllabus points 2.44 – 2.48

Transport
syllabus points 2.49 – 2.50

Transport
syllabus points 2.49 – 2.50

Plant Transport (2.51 – 2.56)
2.51 describe the role of phloem in transporting sucrose and amino acids between the leaves...

Plant Transport (2.51 – 2.56)
2.51 describe the role of phloem in transporting sucrose and amino acids between the leaves...

Plant Transport (2.51 – 2.56)
2.51 describe the role of phloem in transporting sucrose and amino acids between the leaves...

Plant Transport (2.51 – 2.56)
2.51 describe the role of phloem in transporting sucrose and amino acids between the leaves...

Plant Transport (2.51 – 2.56)
2.51 describe the role of phloem in transporting sucrose and amino acids between the leaves...

Transport in Humans (2.57 – 2.66)

Transport in Humans (2.57 – 2.66)

Transport in Humans (2.57 – 2.66)

Transport in Humans (2.57 – 2.66)

Transport in Humans (2.57 – 2.66)

Transport in Humans (2.57 – 2.66)

Transport in Humans (2.57 – 2.66)

Transport in Humans (2.57 – 2.66)

Transport in Humans (2.57 – 2.66)

Excretion in Plants
2.67 understand the origin of carbon dioxide and oxygen as waste products of metabolism and their los...

Excretion in Humans (2.68 – 2.76)
2.68 recall that the lungs, kidneys and skin are organs of excretion
Humans have 3 mai...

UREA
2.68 recall that the lungs, kidneys and skin are organs of excretion
What’s urea? (not technically on syllabus)
• ...

UREA
2.68 recall that the lungs, kidneys and skin are organs of excretion
Many land animals and some bony fish (amphibia...

Excretion & Osmoregulation
2.69 understand how the kidney carries out its roles of excretion and osmoregulation
The Kidn...

Excretion System
2.70 describe the structure of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra

Excretion System
2.70 describe the structure of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra

Kidney
Nephron and the Kidney
2.71 describe the structure of a nephron, to include Bowmancs capsule and glomerulus, conv...

Nephron and capilliaries
2.71 describe the structure of a nephron, to include Bowmancs capsule and glomerulus, convoluted...

How the Nephron works
2.71 describe the structure of a nephron, to include Bowmancs capsule and glomerulus, convoluted tu...

How the Nephron works
2.71 describe the structure of a nephron, to include Bowmancs capsule and glomerulus, convoluted tu...

Excretion in Humans (2.68 – 2.76)
2.71 describe the structure of a nephron, to include Bowmancs capsule and glomerulus, c...

Excretion in Humans (2.68 – 2.76)
2.72 describe ultrafiltration in the Bowmancs capsule and the composition of the glomer...

Excretion in Humans (2.68 – 2.76)
2.73 understand that water is reabsorbed into the blood from the collecting duct
Teach...

Excretion in Humans (2.68 – 2.76)
2.73 understand that water is reabsorbed into the blood from the collecting duct
2.75 ...

Review of Urine
2.76 understand that urine contains water, urea and salts.
The waste, consisting of:
• excess water
• ...

Coordination and Response
Homeostasis: the maintenance of a constant
internal environment

The S in MRS GREN
2.77 understand that organisms are able to respond to changes in their environment
M Movement All livi...

Homeostasis
2.78 understand that homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment and that body water co...

Stimulus > Receptor> Coordination >
Effector > Response
2.79 understand that a coordinated response requires a stimulus,...

STIMULI
2.79 understand that a coordinated response requires a stimulus, a receptor and an effector

Examples of Receptors and Effectors
2.79 understand that a coordinated response requires a stimulus, a receptor and an ef...

STIMULI
2.79 understand that a coordinated response requires a stimulus, a receptor and an effector
Receptors detect Sti...

Response in Plants
2.80 understand that plants respond to stimuli
Plants also respond to stimuli. As plants don’t have
...

GEOTROPISM
2.81 describe the geotropic responses of roots and stems
Shoot tips and Root tips respond to GRAVITY.
• Shoo...

WHY
You only need to know that plants respond to a
chemical hormone called
AUXIN
BUT if you want more………
2.81 describ...

2.81 describe the geotropic responses of roots and stems

2.81 describe the geotropic responses of roots and stems
You do need to know some fun
experiments with plants

2.81 describe the geotropic responses of roots and stems
What happens when you grow a plant
in space?

Positive Phototropism
2.82 describe positive phototropism of stems
Positive Phototropism is controlled by hormones
rele...

2.82 describe positive phototropism of stems

MORE
EXPERIMENTS
2.82 describe positive phototropism of stems

2.82 describe positive phototropism of stems
What if you grow a plant in the dark?

Response Systems
2.83 describe how responses can be controlled by nervous or by hormonal communication and understand the...

Differences
2.83 describe how responses can be controlled by nervous or by hormonal communication and understand the diff...

Nervous System
2.84 understand that the central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord and is linked to sen...

2.85 understand that stimulation of receptors in the sense organs sends electrical impulses along nerves into and out of t...

DIFFUSION AGAIN??
2.85 understand that stimulation of receptors in the sense organs sends electrical impulses along nerve...

REFLEXS
2.86 describe the structure and functioning of a simple reflex arc illustrated by the withdrawal of a finger from...

REFLEX ARC
2.86 describe the structure and functioning of a simple reflex arc illustrated by the withdrawal of a finger f...

STEP BY STEP REFLEX ARC
2.86 describe the structure and functioning of a simple reflex arc illustrated by the withdrawal ...

Reflex Arc Timing
2.86 describe the structure and functioning of a simple reflex arc illustrated by the withdrawal of a f...

THE EYE

EyE WebSites
2.87 describe the structure and function of the eye as a receptor
a) Label the eye
http://www.kscience.co....

EYE DIAGRAM
2.87 describe the structure and function of the eye as a receptor
Conjunctiva

Define these Terms
2.87 describe the structure and function of the eye as a receptor
• Ciliary Body (muscle)
• Iris
• ...

RODS & CONES
2.87 describe the structure and function of the eye as a receptor
Light is detected by photoreceptors in th...

Automatic Reflexs
2.88 understand the function of the eye in focusing near and distant objects, and in responding to chan...

Responding to Light Levels
(Antagonistic Muscle Pairs at Work)
2.88 understand the function of the eye in focusing near ...

FOCUSING THE EYE
2.88 understand the function of the eye in focusing near and distant objects, and in responding to chang...

2.88 understand the function of the eye in focusing near and distant objects, and in responding to changes in light intens...

Controlling Skin Temperature
2.89 describe the role of the skin in temperature regulation, with reference to sweating, va...

2.89 describe the role of the skin in temperature regulation, with reference to sweating, vasoconstriction and vasodilatio...

Blood is diverted
2.89 describe the role of the skin in temperature regulation, with reference to sweating, vasoconstrict...

Hormones involved in Coordination
2.90 understand the sources, roles and effects of the following hormones: ADH, adrenali...

REPRODUCTION
3.1 understand the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction
There are two types of reproduction;...

Fertilization
3.2 understand that fertilisation involves the fusion of a male and female gamete to produce a zygote that ...

Reproduction in Plants
(3.3 - 3.7)

Reproduction in Plants
(3.3 - 3.7)

Reproduction in Plants
(3.3 - 3.7)

Reproduction in Plants
(3.3 - 3.7)

Structure and Function of Reproductive systems
3.8 describe the structure and explain the function of the male and female...

Structure and Function of Reproductive systems
3.8 describe the structure and explain the function of the male and female...

Structure and Function of Reproductive systems
3.8 describe the structure and explain the function of the male and female...

MENSTRUAL CYCLE
3.9 understand the roles of oestrogen and progesterone in the menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycle in wom...

MENSTRUAL CYCLE
3.9 understand the roles of oestrogen and progesterone in the menstrual cycle

MENSTRUAL CYCLE
3.9 understand the roles of oestrogen and progesterone in the menstrual cycle

PLACENTA
3.10 describe the role of the placenta in the nutrition of the developing embryo (TA)
Diffuse from
foetus to m...

PLACENTA
3.10 describe the role of the placenta in the nutrition of the developing embryo (TA)
The placenta is
adapted ...

AMNIOTIC FLUID
3.11 understand how the developing embryo is protected by amniotic fluid (TA)

SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS
3.12 understand the roles of oestrogen and testosterone in the development of secondary ...

INHERITANCE
(Syllabus points 3.13 – 3.33)

REPRODUCTION (review)
3.1 understand the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction
There are two types of repr...

Fertilization (review)
3.2 understand that fertilisation involves the fusion of a male and female gamete to produce a zyg...

Fertilization, Zygote, Embryo(Review)
3.2 understand that fertilisation involves the fusion of a male and female gamete t...

Genes are on Chromosomes
3.13 understand that the nucleus of a cell contains chromosomes on which genes are located
The ...

3.13 understand that the nucleus of a cell contains chromosomes on which genes are located
LIBRARY
Books
Chapters
Word...

3.13 understand that the nucleus of a cell contains chromosomes on which genes are located

Genes Make a SPECIFIC Protein
3.14 understand that a gene is a section of a molecule of DNA and that a gene codes for a s...

Genes Make a SPECIFIC Protein
3.14 understand that a gene is a section of a molecule of DNA and that a gene codes for a s...

Genes Make a SPECIFIC Protein
3.14 understand that a gene is a section of a molecule of DNA and that a gene codes for a s...

3.14 understand that a gene is a section of a molecule of DNA and that a gene codes for a specific protein
So Your Genes ...

WHAT IS DNA?
3.15 describe a DNA molecule as two strands coiled to form a double helix, the strands being linked by a ser...

BASE PAIRS
3.15 describe a DNA molecule as two strands coiled to form a double helix, the strands being linked by a serie...

Genes come in Variations
3.16 understand that genes exist in alternative forms called alleles which give rise to differen...

Alleles give rise to Variation
3.16 understand that genes exist in alternative forms called alleles which give rise to di...

Alleles give rise to Variation (2)
3.16 understand that genes exist in alternative forms called alleles which give rise t...

DEFINITIONS OF INHERITANCE TERMS
3.17 understand the meaning of the terms: dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous,...

DEFINITIONS OF INHERITANCE TERMS
3.17 understand the meaning of the terms: dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous,...

DEFINITIONS OF INHERITANCE TERMS
3.17 understand the meaning of the terms: dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous,...

DEFINITIONS OF INHERITANCE TERMS
3.17 understand the meaning of the terms: dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous,...

DEFINITIONS OF INHERITANCE TERMS
3.17 understand the meaning of the terms: dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous,...

DEFINITIONS OF INHERITANCE TERMS
3.17 understand the meaning of the terms: dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous,...

3.17 understand the meaning of the terms: dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous, phenotype, genotype and co-domina...

DEFINITIONS OF INHERITANCE TERMS
3.17 understand the meaning of the terms: dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous,...

CODOMINANCE

Genetic Diagrams - Generations
3.18 describe patterns of monohybrid inheritance using a genetic diagram
Generations
The...

Genetic Diagrams – Punnett Squares
3.18 describe patterns of monohybrid inheritance using a genetic diagram
SOME SIMPLE ...

Genetic Diagrams – Punnett Squares
3.18 describe patterns of monohybrid inheritance using a genetic diagram
P1
P1
P1
...

Genetic Diagrams – Punnett Squares
3.18 describe patterns of monohybrid inheritance using a genetic diagram
How to diagr...

Genetic Diagrams – Crossing
3.18 describe patterns of monohybrid inheritance using a genetic diagram
To cross two tall p...

TESTCROSS
3.18 describe patterns of monohybrid inheritance using a genetic diagram
Geneticists use the testcross to dete...

TESTCROSS
3.18 describe patterns of monohybrid inheritance using a genetic diagram

Pedigree Charts
3.19 understand how to interpret family pedigrees
A pedigree is a chart of the genetic history of family...

Example (Dominant or Recessive)
3.19 understand how to interpret family pedigrees
Is the Affected allele Dominant or Rec...

Example (Dominant or Recessive)
3.19 understand how to interpret family pedigrees
Is the Affected allele Dominant or Rec...

Interpreting a Pedigree Chart (hard)
3.19 understand how to interpret family pedigrees
Determine if the pedigree chart s...

Interpreting a Pedigree Chart (additional)
3.19 understand how to interpret family pedigrees
Sex Linked diseases can inc...

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