IRJET - Experimental Investigation on Flexural Behaviour of Reinforced Concre...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation on the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete with milled carbon fibers. Concrete specimens containing 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% milled carbon fibers by weight of cement were tested to determine their compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength after 7, 14, and 28 days of curing. The results showed that adding milled carbon fibers increased the compressive strength by up to 32%, tensile strength by over 100%, flexural strength by 62.5%, and reduced deflection. The document concludes that adding milled carbon fibers improves the mechanical properties of concrete.
Conventional Concrete by using Basalt FiberIRJET Journal
This document investigates the effect of adding basalt fiber on the mechanical properties of concrete. Basalt fiber is added in volumes ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% of the total concrete volume. Experimental results show that:
1) The addition of basalt fiber up to 0.3% volume fraction improves the compressive and flexural strength of concrete compared to conventional concrete without fiber. The highest strengths were observed at 0.3% fiber content.
2) There is a negligible influence of basalt fiber addition on the splitting tensile strength of concrete.
3) Concrete with 0.3% basalt fiber content showed the best performance with a 12.34% and 12.94
This document summarizes a study on the effects of adding admixtures and synthetic polymer fibers to concrete of different strengths. Testing of 54 concrete cylinders showed that the addition of admixtures and fibers increased compressive strength more than reference concrete, allowing a reduction in cement percentage. The highest strengths were achieved with admixture-added concrete, followed by fiber-added and normal concrete. While fibers did not significantly boost strength on their own, the combination of admixtures and fibers promises sustainable, durable concrete structures.
Experimental Determination of Mechanical and Vibration Properties of Epoxy ba...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The organic polymer composites filled with inorganic fillers became an important area of research and development in recent years due to their applications in various fields. The aim of the present work was to fabricate and evaluate the mechanical performance of epoxy polymer composites filled with 30% weight percentage of carbon fiber and 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% of Silicon Carbide. The samples were prepared by hand layup technique as this method was easy to fabricate and having low tooling cost and results in the good surface finishand then composites weretested by using UTM and ATALON FFT analyzer. The DEWESOFT software was used to obtain the frequency response functions of the samples. The variations in properties with respect to change in weight of silicon carbide were obtained and represented by graphs. The composite with 30% of carbon fiber and 8% of Sic have shown improved performance in terms of flexural strength, tensile strength, tensile modulus and higher natural frequency indicating high stiffness value.
This document discusses the performance of concrete incorporating industrial and agricultural wastes. It describes adding sisal, flax, glass fiber, and carpet waste fibers at percentages of 0.5%, 1%, and 2% by volume to concrete mixes. Tests were performed on 234 concrete cubes to measure compressive strength, 39 beams for flexural strength, and 39 cylinders for indirect tensile strength. The results showed improvements in the mechanical and durability properties of concrete with the addition of glass fibers and waste fibers.
IRJET- Effect of Fiber with Coal Ash (Bottom Ash and Fly Ash) on Dense Bitumi...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the effect of adding jute fiber and coal ash to dense bituminous mixes. Coal ash was used as fine aggregate and filler to replace natural aggregates. Jute fiber was added in varying percentages by weight of the mix, with different fiber lengths, and coated with emulsion. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the optimal fiber content, fiber length, and binder content. The results showed Marshall stability as high as 14.995 kN was achieved with 0.5% fiber content of 10 mm length and 5.557% binder content. Overall, the study found that using coal ash and jute fiber improved the engineering properties of the bituminous mixes and can help develop sustainable pavement construction.
Fabrication and Experimental Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Graphe...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated how the mechanical properties of epoxy composite materials are affected by the addition of graphene and nano silica. Samples were produced with epoxy resin reinforced with 6% graphene and 0-16% nano silica by weight. Testing showed that tensile strength increased up to 12% nano silica but decreased at 16% due to poor particle dispersion. Hardness increased for all samples due to improved interfacial interactions. Bending strength decreased for all nano silica contents due to poor mixing and crack formation, reducing flexibility. The study demonstrated that graphene and nano silica can enhance epoxy composites but proper mixing techniques are required.
Experimental Test Conducted on Concrete by Replacing Sand with GBFS and Addin...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that tested concrete with sand replaced by Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS) and added coconut fibers. Several concrete mixes were tested with 10-50% sand replacement by GBFS and 2% coconut fiber content by weight of cement. Compression, flexural, and split tensile strength tests were performed on concrete cube and cylinder specimens at 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that concrete with 30-40% sand replaced by GBFS and 2% coconut fiber achieved the highest compressive strengths of 54.81 MPa and 57.01 MPa at 28 days, indicating GBFS and coconut fiber can improve concrete properties when used as partial replacements.
IRJET - Experimental Investigation on Flexural Behaviour of Reinforced Concre...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation on the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete with milled carbon fibers. Concrete specimens containing 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% milled carbon fibers by weight of cement were tested to determine their compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength after 7, 14, and 28 days of curing. The results showed that adding milled carbon fibers increased the compressive strength by up to 32%, tensile strength by over 100%, flexural strength by 62.5%, and reduced deflection. The document concludes that adding milled carbon fibers improves the mechanical properties of concrete.
Conventional Concrete by using Basalt FiberIRJET Journal
This document investigates the effect of adding basalt fiber on the mechanical properties of concrete. Basalt fiber is added in volumes ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% of the total concrete volume. Experimental results show that:
1) The addition of basalt fiber up to 0.3% volume fraction improves the compressive and flexural strength of concrete compared to conventional concrete without fiber. The highest strengths were observed at 0.3% fiber content.
2) There is a negligible influence of basalt fiber addition on the splitting tensile strength of concrete.
3) Concrete with 0.3% basalt fiber content showed the best performance with a 12.34% and 12.94
This document summarizes a study on the effects of adding admixtures and synthetic polymer fibers to concrete of different strengths. Testing of 54 concrete cylinders showed that the addition of admixtures and fibers increased compressive strength more than reference concrete, allowing a reduction in cement percentage. The highest strengths were achieved with admixture-added concrete, followed by fiber-added and normal concrete. While fibers did not significantly boost strength on their own, the combination of admixtures and fibers promises sustainable, durable concrete structures.
Experimental Determination of Mechanical and Vibration Properties of Epoxy ba...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The organic polymer composites filled with inorganic fillers became an important area of research and development in recent years due to their applications in various fields. The aim of the present work was to fabricate and evaluate the mechanical performance of epoxy polymer composites filled with 30% weight percentage of carbon fiber and 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% of Silicon Carbide. The samples were prepared by hand layup technique as this method was easy to fabricate and having low tooling cost and results in the good surface finishand then composites weretested by using UTM and ATALON FFT analyzer. The DEWESOFT software was used to obtain the frequency response functions of the samples. The variations in properties with respect to change in weight of silicon carbide were obtained and represented by graphs. The composite with 30% of carbon fiber and 8% of Sic have shown improved performance in terms of flexural strength, tensile strength, tensile modulus and higher natural frequency indicating high stiffness value.
This document discusses the performance of concrete incorporating industrial and agricultural wastes. It describes adding sisal, flax, glass fiber, and carpet waste fibers at percentages of 0.5%, 1%, and 2% by volume to concrete mixes. Tests were performed on 234 concrete cubes to measure compressive strength, 39 beams for flexural strength, and 39 cylinders for indirect tensile strength. The results showed improvements in the mechanical and durability properties of concrete with the addition of glass fibers and waste fibers.
IRJET- Effect of Fiber with Coal Ash (Bottom Ash and Fly Ash) on Dense Bitumi...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the effect of adding jute fiber and coal ash to dense bituminous mixes. Coal ash was used as fine aggregate and filler to replace natural aggregates. Jute fiber was added in varying percentages by weight of the mix, with different fiber lengths, and coated with emulsion. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the optimal fiber content, fiber length, and binder content. The results showed Marshall stability as high as 14.995 kN was achieved with 0.5% fiber content of 10 mm length and 5.557% binder content. Overall, the study found that using coal ash and jute fiber improved the engineering properties of the bituminous mixes and can help develop sustainable pavement construction.
Fabrication and Experimental Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Graphe...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated how the mechanical properties of epoxy composite materials are affected by the addition of graphene and nano silica. Samples were produced with epoxy resin reinforced with 6% graphene and 0-16% nano silica by weight. Testing showed that tensile strength increased up to 12% nano silica but decreased at 16% due to poor particle dispersion. Hardness increased for all samples due to improved interfacial interactions. Bending strength decreased for all nano silica contents due to poor mixing and crack formation, reducing flexibility. The study demonstrated that graphene and nano silica can enhance epoxy composites but proper mixing techniques are required.
Experimental Test Conducted on Concrete by Replacing Sand with GBFS and Addin...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that tested concrete with sand replaced by Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS) and added coconut fibers. Several concrete mixes were tested with 10-50% sand replacement by GBFS and 2% coconut fiber content by weight of cement. Compression, flexural, and split tensile strength tests were performed on concrete cube and cylinder specimens at 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that concrete with 30-40% sand replaced by GBFS and 2% coconut fiber achieved the highest compressive strengths of 54.81 MPa and 57.01 MPa at 28 days, indicating GBFS and coconut fiber can improve concrete properties when used as partial replacements.
TESTS ON L-SHAPE SHEAR AND SPLIT TENSILE ON HYBRID CONCRETE (HESF+PP) USING GFRPJournal For Research
To prevent segregation and bleeding in concrete a some decade ago started practicing of fiber addition in concrete this gave a good result M30 mix is considered for work with 1% of fiber addition i.e 0.5% of Polypropylene + 0.5% of Hooked end Steel Fiber, with 0.45 w/c ratio and 1.5% of super plasticizer for workability of concrete. Conducted various tests like Slump cone test, compressive test, spilt tensile test, flexural test, and shear test for concrete. Then FRP product E-Glass fabric or GFRP used for lamination purpose of 900 gsm to specimens then laminated specimens are also tested above mentioned experiment expect slump test. Results are compared after 28 days of curing with normal concrete to hybrid concrete and with GFRP to without GFRP lamination. Result has shown increase in strength with normal to hybrid concrete and also increase in with GFRP lamination when compared to without GFRP lamination.
Fabrication and Mechanical Charecterization of Cnt NanocompositesIOSR Journals
This document discusses the fabrication and mechanical characterization of carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized with amine and epoxide groups and then mixed with epoxy resin to create nanocomposites at various CNT loadings. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites, including flexural strength, flexural modulus, and interlaminar shear strength, were tested and compared to a control composite without CNTs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to confirm the functionalization of the CNTs. The results showed that amine-functionalized CNT composites generally had better mechanical properties than epoxide-functionalized or
A Study on Effect of Carbon and Ash Fillers on Flexural Properties in GFRP Co...IRJET Journal
The document studies the effect of carbon and ash fillers on the flexural properties of glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Composites were fabricated with hand layup using glass fibers, epoxy resin, and either carbon or ash fillers added at 10% by volume. Flexural testing found that composites with carbon filler had slightly higher flexural strength than composites with ash filler, but both fillers improved flexural strength over composites without filler. In conclusion, carbon and ash fillers can significantly increase the flexural strength of glass fiber epoxy composites when added at 10% by volume.
Effect of Particle Loading on Flexural Properties of Coconut Shell Reinforced...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of coconut shell particle loading on the flexural properties of coconut shell/cardanol resin composites. Composites with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% coconut shell particle loadings were created using compression molding. Testing found that the composite with 30% particle loading exhibited the highest flexural strength, 46% higher than the unreinforced resin. Scanning electron microscopy showed good particle-resin bonding and an absence of voids or cracks in the 30% composite. In contrast, the 40% composite exhibited cracks and voids, explaining its lower strength. Overall, coconut shell particles improved flexural properties up to 30% loading but higher loadings reduced properties
UTILIZATION OF BAMBOO FIBER IN IMPROVING THE PROPERTIES OF STONE MATRIX ASPHA...rajatpalya
Utilization of bamboo fiber in improving the properties of stone matrix asphalt mixes. Stone matrix asphalt provides long-term deformation resistance and durability. Bamboo fiber was used as a stabilizer due to its low cost and natural availability. Stone matrix asphalt samples were prepared with and without bamboo fiber at varying bitumen contents. The optimum bitumen content was found to be 5% for mixes using stone aggregate and bamboo fiber, which showed better stability compared to mixes without fiber. The use of bamboo fiber as a stabilizer improved the properties of the stone matrix asphalt mixes.
IRJET - Experimental Study of Cement And Fly Ash with Poly Propylene FiberIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on the use of fly ash and polypropylene fibers in concrete. Concrete samples were created with varying percentages of cement replaced by fly ash (0-40%) and varying percentages of polypropylene fibers added (0.1-0.4%). The samples were then tested to determine their compressive strength at various ages (3, 7, 14, 28 days). The results showed that compressive strength generally increased with the addition of up to 0.3% polypropylene fibers. Compressive strength also initially decreased but then increased again with the partial replacement of cement with fly ash, up to 30% fly ash. The maximum compressive strength of 36.63 MP
This document discusses a study on the effect of adding shells powder at different amounts (20, 30, 50, 100, 120, 150 pphr) on the mechanical properties of natural rubber. Tests found that hardness increased with higher amounts of shells powder due to extra cross-linking. Tensile strength initially increased at 20 pphr but then decreased strongly at higher amounts, as the shells powder particles acted as defects weakening the rubber structure. In conclusion, shells powder improved hardness but reduced tensile strength above 20 pphr.
This document describes the design and analysis of a leaf spring made of sisal fiber reinforced glass epoxy composite. It begins with an abstract that outlines the goal of replacing steel leaf springs with composites to reduce weight and increase fuel economy. It then reviews relevant literature on composite leaf springs. The objectives and methodology are described, including fabrication of composite specimens using hand layup. Tests are performed to determine material properties and compare different fiber volume fractions. A steel leaf spring is modeled and analyzed in ANSYS to determine stresses and deflection. A composite leaf spring is also modeled and tested experimentally to verify analytical and FEA results. The composite leaf spring shows stresses within acceptable limits for the material.
Utilization of Demolished Concrete Waste for New Construction and Evaluation ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that utilized demolished concrete waste as an aggregate in new concrete. The demolished concrete was collected, crushed, and sieved to produce demolished concrete aggregate (DCA). DCA was used to replace natural coarse aggregate at rates of 10%, 20%, and 30%. Concrete mixtures containing DCA were tested at 7, 14, and 28 days to evaluate compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths compared to a control concrete. Results showed that compressive and tensile strengths increased up to 20% DCA replacement. However, flexural strength decreased with any DCA content. Overall, the study demonstrated the viability of using DCA up to 20% as a partial replacement for natural coarse aggregate in concrete.
Indirect Tensile Strength of Modified Bitumen Mixturedbpublications
The performance of flexible pavements depends on bituminous mixture and external factors such as traffic loading and weather conditions. Bitumen mixture is elastic, viscoelastic and plastic material where rate of traffic loading and weather conditions plays very significant role on its behavior .Conventional bitumen mixture is unable bear the present traffic volume and environmental conditions by considering this an attempt has been made to study the indirect tensile strength of modified bitumen mixture using cellulose fiber as a modifier. Higher tensile strength resist the cracks, fatigue and rutting which are common failure in the flexible pavements. For preparation of bituminous concrete mixture (BC) gradation has been taken as per MORTH (table no: 500-18) specification. Bitumen content is optimized at 5% and cellulose binder content has been varied such as 1%, 3% and 5% of total mix. Conducted different types of tests such as penetration, ductility, softening point and indirect tensile strength . It has been observed that the behavior of asphalt cement after adding the modifier differ from percentage to another, At 5% an ideal improvement to the fatigue and rutting resistance properties of the asphalt cement in terms of indirect tensile strength as compared with 1%,2% of modifier and conventional bitumen . The addition of 5% Cellulose is found more significant.
Experimental and Analytical Investigation of Drilling of Sandwich Composites:...IOSR Journals
A composite material is made out of a mixture or a combination of two or more distinctly differing
materials which are insoluble in each other and differ in form or chemical composition. The technological and
commercial interest in composite material lies in their superior properties of strength-to-weight, stiffness-toweight,
fatigue and thermal expansion compared to metals. Extensive use of composite in application such as
rockets, satellites, missiles, light combat aircraft, advanced light helicopter and trainer air craft has shown that
India is on par with the advanced countries in the development and use of composites in this area.
Drilling is probably the most important conventional mechanical process and it is the most widely used
machining operation. Prediction of cutting forces for any set of cutting parameters is essential in optimal design
and manufacturing of products. It has been predicted that most of the problem associated with hole making
operation, such as drilling, can be attributed to the force generated during cutting operation. Many
developments and experiments are going on drilling of Sandwich composite for damage free drilling along with
the quality of the hole and the effect of tool geometry and tool material.
This paper aims at the comprehensive analytical and experimental investigation work done on the
composites material. The conclusion of the paper discusses the development and outlines the trends for the
research in this field.
Study of the effects of carbon and glass fibre reinforcement and other filler...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of various fillers on the elevated temperature resistant properties of epoxy resin matrix composites reinforced with carbon and glass fibers. Five composite materials were fabricated with varying amounts of silicon carbide and aluminum oxide fillers, while keeping other constituents like epoxy resin, glass fibers, and additives constant. The composites were tested mechanically and tribologically at room and elevated temperatures. Test results showed that tensile strength, hardness, impact energy, and wear resistance improved with increasing filler content, especially silicon carbide and aluminum oxide.
Effect of short glass fiber and fillers on dry sliding wear behaviour of ther...IAEME Publication
The document summarizes research on the effect of short glass fiber and fillers on the dry sliding wear behavior of thermoplastic copolyester elastomer composites. Experiments were conducted using a Taguchi design of experiments with variables including filler content, sliding velocity, and sliding distance. Analysis of variance was used to determine the most influential parameters on specific wear rate. The experimental results showed that filler content had the greatest effect on specific wear rate, followed by sliding distance, while sliding velocity showed a negligible effect. Examination of worn surfaces revealed features associated with adhesion of the matrix to fibers as well as microcracking and debris formation.
Fabrication and Characterization of Kevlar/Jute Reinforced EpoxyIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research conducted on Kevlar/Jute fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Composite laminates were fabricated using hand layup with various combinations of Kevlar fiber, jute fiber, and epoxy resin. Specimens from the laminates underwent tensile, compression, and bending tests. The 3mm thick laminates exhibited the highest tensile, compressive, and bending strengths compared to 2mm and 4mm thick laminates. Increasing the Kevlar content improved the mechanical properties while reducing the weight and cost of the composites. The stacking sequence was found to significantly impact the flexural strength but had little effect on tensile properties. Further research on other natural fibers, polymers
A Study on the Variation of Properties of Concrete with Partial Replacement o...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study on the effects of partially replacing cement with nano-silica and fly ash in concrete. Tests were conducted on concrete mixtures with 20% and 30% fly ash replaced and 1-5% nano-silica replaced to examine the compressive strength and rapid chloride permeability at different curing periods. The results showed that compressive strength increased up to 4% nano-silica replacement and then decreased with further addition. Rapid chloride permeability was reduced with increased nano-silica. Overall, the partial replacements improved concrete properties compared to the control mix without replacements.
Influence of Carbon & Glass Fiber Reinforcements on Flexural Strength of Epox...IJERA Editor
Hybrid composite materials are more attracted by the engineers because of their properties like stiffness and high specific strength which leads to the potential application in the area of aerospace, marine and automobile sectors. In the present investigation, the flexural strength and flexural modulus of carbon and glass fibers reinforced epoxy hybrid composites were studied. The vacuum bagging technique was adopted for the fabrication of polymer hybrid composite materials. The hardness, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the hybrid composites were determined as per ASTM standards. The hardness, flexural strength and flexural modulus were improved as the fiber reinforcement contents increased in the epoxy matrix material.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Strength Studies on Metakaolin Modified Cement Mortar with Quarry Dust as Fin...IDES Editor
Scarcity of river sand is one of the major problems
in the construction industry. Studies were conducted to find
out the feasibility of using quarry dust to partially replace
sand in concrete. . These studies revealed that, due to increased
fineness, the combination require an increased water cement
ratio which results in strength reduction or the use of a water
reducing admixture. Use of super pozzolanic supplementary
cementing materials such as silica fume, rice husk ash,
metakaolin etc in concrete and mortar improves the strength
even at a higher water binder ratio. Metakaolin, a
manufactured material, calcined kaolinite is available at
moderate cost. This paper presents the results of a study to
use metakaolin in cement mortar as a partial replacement of
cement where quarry dust was used as the fine aggregate.
The effect of water binder ratio and metakaolin replacement
level on the compressive strength of cement quarry dust mortar
was investigated.
A STUDY ON REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH RICE HUSK ASHIAEME Publication
Objectives: This study is to identify the effect of parameter such as Activator ratio thataffects the properties of alkali activated fly ash
Methodology: To achieve the above objectives, the present investigation is adopted atechnology that is currently in use to manufacture and to test themain aim of this activity was to facilitate promotion of newmaterials later on to the concreteindustry. Research variable included activator ratio (1:2, 1:2.5, and 1:3). The trial mix isprepared for the molarity of 16 M. Concrete specimens were cured at roresponse variables are Flexural strength, Compressive strength and Split tensile strength.Findings: Test data are used to identify the variation ofGeopolymer concrete propertieswhich are affected by using of various activator ratios and curing period. At all ages, theactivator ratio 1:3 gives maximum strength and also economical when compared to otheractivator ratios. There is substantial gain incompressive strength of fly ash geopolymerconcrete with age.Improvements:Thisworkcan beenhancedforvariousmolaritiesundervarioustemperaturesandvariousactivator ratios.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on rice husk ash (RHA). RHA is obtained by burning rice husks between 600-700°C for 2 hours. It is composed primarily of silicon dioxide and can be used to partially replace cement in concrete production. The addition of RHA increases strength and durability by reducing calcium hydroxide levels in concrete. It also reduces efflorescence and susceptibility to chemical and sulfate attacks. Using RHA in concrete can help reduce carbon dioxide emissions from cement production and provides an economic use for the agricultural waste product of rice husks. The seminar outlines the physical and chemical properties of RHA and reviews its advantages and disadvantages when used in concrete.
TESTS ON L-SHAPE SHEAR AND SPLIT TENSILE ON HYBRID CONCRETE (HESF+PP) USING GFRPJournal For Research
To prevent segregation and bleeding in concrete a some decade ago started practicing of fiber addition in concrete this gave a good result M30 mix is considered for work with 1% of fiber addition i.e 0.5% of Polypropylene + 0.5% of Hooked end Steel Fiber, with 0.45 w/c ratio and 1.5% of super plasticizer for workability of concrete. Conducted various tests like Slump cone test, compressive test, spilt tensile test, flexural test, and shear test for concrete. Then FRP product E-Glass fabric or GFRP used for lamination purpose of 900 gsm to specimens then laminated specimens are also tested above mentioned experiment expect slump test. Results are compared after 28 days of curing with normal concrete to hybrid concrete and with GFRP to without GFRP lamination. Result has shown increase in strength with normal to hybrid concrete and also increase in with GFRP lamination when compared to without GFRP lamination.
Fabrication and Mechanical Charecterization of Cnt NanocompositesIOSR Journals
This document discusses the fabrication and mechanical characterization of carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized with amine and epoxide groups and then mixed with epoxy resin to create nanocomposites at various CNT loadings. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites, including flexural strength, flexural modulus, and interlaminar shear strength, were tested and compared to a control composite without CNTs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to confirm the functionalization of the CNTs. The results showed that amine-functionalized CNT composites generally had better mechanical properties than epoxide-functionalized or
A Study on Effect of Carbon and Ash Fillers on Flexural Properties in GFRP Co...IRJET Journal
The document studies the effect of carbon and ash fillers on the flexural properties of glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Composites were fabricated with hand layup using glass fibers, epoxy resin, and either carbon or ash fillers added at 10% by volume. Flexural testing found that composites with carbon filler had slightly higher flexural strength than composites with ash filler, but both fillers improved flexural strength over composites without filler. In conclusion, carbon and ash fillers can significantly increase the flexural strength of glass fiber epoxy composites when added at 10% by volume.
Effect of Particle Loading on Flexural Properties of Coconut Shell Reinforced...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of coconut shell particle loading on the flexural properties of coconut shell/cardanol resin composites. Composites with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% coconut shell particle loadings were created using compression molding. Testing found that the composite with 30% particle loading exhibited the highest flexural strength, 46% higher than the unreinforced resin. Scanning electron microscopy showed good particle-resin bonding and an absence of voids or cracks in the 30% composite. In contrast, the 40% composite exhibited cracks and voids, explaining its lower strength. Overall, coconut shell particles improved flexural properties up to 30% loading but higher loadings reduced properties
UTILIZATION OF BAMBOO FIBER IN IMPROVING THE PROPERTIES OF STONE MATRIX ASPHA...rajatpalya
Utilization of bamboo fiber in improving the properties of stone matrix asphalt mixes. Stone matrix asphalt provides long-term deformation resistance and durability. Bamboo fiber was used as a stabilizer due to its low cost and natural availability. Stone matrix asphalt samples were prepared with and without bamboo fiber at varying bitumen contents. The optimum bitumen content was found to be 5% for mixes using stone aggregate and bamboo fiber, which showed better stability compared to mixes without fiber. The use of bamboo fiber as a stabilizer improved the properties of the stone matrix asphalt mixes.
IRJET - Experimental Study of Cement And Fly Ash with Poly Propylene FiberIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on the use of fly ash and polypropylene fibers in concrete. Concrete samples were created with varying percentages of cement replaced by fly ash (0-40%) and varying percentages of polypropylene fibers added (0.1-0.4%). The samples were then tested to determine their compressive strength at various ages (3, 7, 14, 28 days). The results showed that compressive strength generally increased with the addition of up to 0.3% polypropylene fibers. Compressive strength also initially decreased but then increased again with the partial replacement of cement with fly ash, up to 30% fly ash. The maximum compressive strength of 36.63 MP
This document discusses a study on the effect of adding shells powder at different amounts (20, 30, 50, 100, 120, 150 pphr) on the mechanical properties of natural rubber. Tests found that hardness increased with higher amounts of shells powder due to extra cross-linking. Tensile strength initially increased at 20 pphr but then decreased strongly at higher amounts, as the shells powder particles acted as defects weakening the rubber structure. In conclusion, shells powder improved hardness but reduced tensile strength above 20 pphr.
This document describes the design and analysis of a leaf spring made of sisal fiber reinforced glass epoxy composite. It begins with an abstract that outlines the goal of replacing steel leaf springs with composites to reduce weight and increase fuel economy. It then reviews relevant literature on composite leaf springs. The objectives and methodology are described, including fabrication of composite specimens using hand layup. Tests are performed to determine material properties and compare different fiber volume fractions. A steel leaf spring is modeled and analyzed in ANSYS to determine stresses and deflection. A composite leaf spring is also modeled and tested experimentally to verify analytical and FEA results. The composite leaf spring shows stresses within acceptable limits for the material.
Utilization of Demolished Concrete Waste for New Construction and Evaluation ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that utilized demolished concrete waste as an aggregate in new concrete. The demolished concrete was collected, crushed, and sieved to produce demolished concrete aggregate (DCA). DCA was used to replace natural coarse aggregate at rates of 10%, 20%, and 30%. Concrete mixtures containing DCA were tested at 7, 14, and 28 days to evaluate compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths compared to a control concrete. Results showed that compressive and tensile strengths increased up to 20% DCA replacement. However, flexural strength decreased with any DCA content. Overall, the study demonstrated the viability of using DCA up to 20% as a partial replacement for natural coarse aggregate in concrete.
Indirect Tensile Strength of Modified Bitumen Mixturedbpublications
The performance of flexible pavements depends on bituminous mixture and external factors such as traffic loading and weather conditions. Bitumen mixture is elastic, viscoelastic and plastic material where rate of traffic loading and weather conditions plays very significant role on its behavior .Conventional bitumen mixture is unable bear the present traffic volume and environmental conditions by considering this an attempt has been made to study the indirect tensile strength of modified bitumen mixture using cellulose fiber as a modifier. Higher tensile strength resist the cracks, fatigue and rutting which are common failure in the flexible pavements. For preparation of bituminous concrete mixture (BC) gradation has been taken as per MORTH (table no: 500-18) specification. Bitumen content is optimized at 5% and cellulose binder content has been varied such as 1%, 3% and 5% of total mix. Conducted different types of tests such as penetration, ductility, softening point and indirect tensile strength . It has been observed that the behavior of asphalt cement after adding the modifier differ from percentage to another, At 5% an ideal improvement to the fatigue and rutting resistance properties of the asphalt cement in terms of indirect tensile strength as compared with 1%,2% of modifier and conventional bitumen . The addition of 5% Cellulose is found more significant.
Experimental and Analytical Investigation of Drilling of Sandwich Composites:...IOSR Journals
A composite material is made out of a mixture or a combination of two or more distinctly differing
materials which are insoluble in each other and differ in form or chemical composition. The technological and
commercial interest in composite material lies in their superior properties of strength-to-weight, stiffness-toweight,
fatigue and thermal expansion compared to metals. Extensive use of composite in application such as
rockets, satellites, missiles, light combat aircraft, advanced light helicopter and trainer air craft has shown that
India is on par with the advanced countries in the development and use of composites in this area.
Drilling is probably the most important conventional mechanical process and it is the most widely used
machining operation. Prediction of cutting forces for any set of cutting parameters is essential in optimal design
and manufacturing of products. It has been predicted that most of the problem associated with hole making
operation, such as drilling, can be attributed to the force generated during cutting operation. Many
developments and experiments are going on drilling of Sandwich composite for damage free drilling along with
the quality of the hole and the effect of tool geometry and tool material.
This paper aims at the comprehensive analytical and experimental investigation work done on the
composites material. The conclusion of the paper discusses the development and outlines the trends for the
research in this field.
Study of the effects of carbon and glass fibre reinforcement and other filler...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of various fillers on the elevated temperature resistant properties of epoxy resin matrix composites reinforced with carbon and glass fibers. Five composite materials were fabricated with varying amounts of silicon carbide and aluminum oxide fillers, while keeping other constituents like epoxy resin, glass fibers, and additives constant. The composites were tested mechanically and tribologically at room and elevated temperatures. Test results showed that tensile strength, hardness, impact energy, and wear resistance improved with increasing filler content, especially silicon carbide and aluminum oxide.
Effect of short glass fiber and fillers on dry sliding wear behaviour of ther...IAEME Publication
The document summarizes research on the effect of short glass fiber and fillers on the dry sliding wear behavior of thermoplastic copolyester elastomer composites. Experiments were conducted using a Taguchi design of experiments with variables including filler content, sliding velocity, and sliding distance. Analysis of variance was used to determine the most influential parameters on specific wear rate. The experimental results showed that filler content had the greatest effect on specific wear rate, followed by sliding distance, while sliding velocity showed a negligible effect. Examination of worn surfaces revealed features associated with adhesion of the matrix to fibers as well as microcracking and debris formation.
Fabrication and Characterization of Kevlar/Jute Reinforced EpoxyIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research conducted on Kevlar/Jute fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Composite laminates were fabricated using hand layup with various combinations of Kevlar fiber, jute fiber, and epoxy resin. Specimens from the laminates underwent tensile, compression, and bending tests. The 3mm thick laminates exhibited the highest tensile, compressive, and bending strengths compared to 2mm and 4mm thick laminates. Increasing the Kevlar content improved the mechanical properties while reducing the weight and cost of the composites. The stacking sequence was found to significantly impact the flexural strength but had little effect on tensile properties. Further research on other natural fibers, polymers
A Study on the Variation of Properties of Concrete with Partial Replacement o...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study on the effects of partially replacing cement with nano-silica and fly ash in concrete. Tests were conducted on concrete mixtures with 20% and 30% fly ash replaced and 1-5% nano-silica replaced to examine the compressive strength and rapid chloride permeability at different curing periods. The results showed that compressive strength increased up to 4% nano-silica replacement and then decreased with further addition. Rapid chloride permeability was reduced with increased nano-silica. Overall, the partial replacements improved concrete properties compared to the control mix without replacements.
Influence of Carbon & Glass Fiber Reinforcements on Flexural Strength of Epox...IJERA Editor
Hybrid composite materials are more attracted by the engineers because of their properties like stiffness and high specific strength which leads to the potential application in the area of aerospace, marine and automobile sectors. In the present investigation, the flexural strength and flexural modulus of carbon and glass fibers reinforced epoxy hybrid composites were studied. The vacuum bagging technique was adopted for the fabrication of polymer hybrid composite materials. The hardness, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the hybrid composites were determined as per ASTM standards. The hardness, flexural strength and flexural modulus were improved as the fiber reinforcement contents increased in the epoxy matrix material.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Strength Studies on Metakaolin Modified Cement Mortar with Quarry Dust as Fin...IDES Editor
Scarcity of river sand is one of the major problems
in the construction industry. Studies were conducted to find
out the feasibility of using quarry dust to partially replace
sand in concrete. . These studies revealed that, due to increased
fineness, the combination require an increased water cement
ratio which results in strength reduction or the use of a water
reducing admixture. Use of super pozzolanic supplementary
cementing materials such as silica fume, rice husk ash,
metakaolin etc in concrete and mortar improves the strength
even at a higher water binder ratio. Metakaolin, a
manufactured material, calcined kaolinite is available at
moderate cost. This paper presents the results of a study to
use metakaolin in cement mortar as a partial replacement of
cement where quarry dust was used as the fine aggregate.
The effect of water binder ratio and metakaolin replacement
level on the compressive strength of cement quarry dust mortar
was investigated.
A STUDY ON REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH RICE HUSK ASHIAEME Publication
Objectives: This study is to identify the effect of parameter such as Activator ratio thataffects the properties of alkali activated fly ash
Methodology: To achieve the above objectives, the present investigation is adopted atechnology that is currently in use to manufacture and to test themain aim of this activity was to facilitate promotion of newmaterials later on to the concreteindustry. Research variable included activator ratio (1:2, 1:2.5, and 1:3). The trial mix isprepared for the molarity of 16 M. Concrete specimens were cured at roresponse variables are Flexural strength, Compressive strength and Split tensile strength.Findings: Test data are used to identify the variation ofGeopolymer concrete propertieswhich are affected by using of various activator ratios and curing period. At all ages, theactivator ratio 1:3 gives maximum strength and also economical when compared to otheractivator ratios. There is substantial gain incompressive strength of fly ash geopolymerconcrete with age.Improvements:Thisworkcan beenhancedforvariousmolaritiesundervarioustemperaturesandvariousactivator ratios.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on rice husk ash (RHA). RHA is obtained by burning rice husks between 600-700°C for 2 hours. It is composed primarily of silicon dioxide and can be used to partially replace cement in concrete production. The addition of RHA increases strength and durability by reducing calcium hydroxide levels in concrete. It also reduces efflorescence and susceptibility to chemical and sulfate attacks. Using RHA in concrete can help reduce carbon dioxide emissions from cement production and provides an economic use for the agricultural waste product of rice husks. The seminar outlines the physical and chemical properties of RHA and reviews its advantages and disadvantages when used in concrete.
This document summarizes several activities conducted to explore properties of concrete and cement. In Activity 1, students hunted for objects made of concrete like bridges, buildings and roads. Activity 2 compared how salt and sugar affected cement hardening. Salt acted as a catalyst while sugar slowed hardening. Activity 3 tested different concrete formulations and found a mixed aggregate sample had highest density. Activity 4 tested the strength of samples and found reinforcement increased strength. Finally, a project tested using palm tree powder in concrete and found it provided a small strength increase while utilizing waste.
Cracking tendency of alkali-activated slag concretefrank collins
This document summarizes a study on the cracking tendency of alkali-activated slag concrete (AASC) when subjected to restrained shrinkage. Key findings include:
1) AASC has higher drying shrinkage than ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPCC) which can lead to greater cracking under restrained conditions.
2) In restrained ring tests, AASC cracked within 7 days while OPCC took 168 days to crack, showing AASC has a higher cracking tendency.
3) To better evaluate cracking, researchers developed a restrained beam test where embedded steel rods or a stress magnifier plate provided restraint. Beams with AASC cracked within hours while OPCC took 9 days, further demonstrating the higher
Effect of activator dosage... (2014, SAICE, Shekhovtsova J)Maxim Kovtun
This document provides biographies of three researchers - Julia Shekhovtsova, Elsabe Kearsley, and Maxim Kovtun - from the University of Pretoria, South Africa. It discusses their educational backgrounds and fields of research, which include the use of fly ash in alkali-activated cement binders and building materials. The document also provides their contact details.
This document describes the development of a numerical model to analyze the cracking behavior of alkali-activated slag concrete (AASC) beams subjected to restrained shrinkage. The model accounts for the time-dependent properties of different concrete mixtures, including shrinkage, elastic modulus, creep, and tensile strength. Experimental data on these properties was used to develop time-dependent relationships in the model. The model aims to better understand the contributions of these parameters to cracking risk by comparing model results to experimental cracking data from restrained beam tests of various concrete mixtures.
This paper investigates the workability and mechanical properties of concrete containing alkali-activated slag as the binder. Two types of activators were used: sodium hydroxide with sodium carbonate, and sodium silicate with hydrated lime. The fresh and hardened concrete properties of these alkali-activated slag concretes were compared to ordinary portland cement concrete. The results showed that concrete activated with powdered sodium silicate and lime had minimal slump loss over 2 hours and achieved similar 1-day compressive strengths as portland cement concrete when cured at normal temperatures. However, it exhibited higher drying shrinkage. Overall, alkali-activated slag concrete shows potential as a viable alternative to portland cement concrete.
The document discusses how hazardous air pollution control residue can be transformed into a non-hazardous glass material called Plasmarok through plasma technology. Plasmarok can then be used as a cement replacement to create alkali-activated concretes with high compressive strengths over 90 MPa. The properties of these concretes depend on factors like the particle size, chemical composition, and processing method of Plasmarok. Reducing the particle size and increasing the silicon-to-aluminum ratio can improve the strength. Understanding these influencing factors helps develop consistent concrete materials with desirable properties.
This document summarizes a study on the strength and shrinkage properties of alkali-activated slag concrete (AASC) placed in a large concrete column. Key findings include:
1) The AASC had improved workability over time compared to ordinary portland cement concrete, with minimal slump loss over 2 hours.
2) The temperature development in the AASC column was similar to a blended cement column and slower than an ordinary portland cement column, with a smaller temperature difference between the interior and exterior.
3) The compressive strength of the AASC column was identical to ordinary portland cement concrete and stronger than blended cement concrete at 28 and 91 days.
4) Embedded strain gauges
This document summarizes the results of a study investigating the effects of ultra-fine materials on the workability and strength of concrete containing alkali-activated slag as the binder. It was found that:
1) Partial replacement of slag with ultra-fine fly ash improved workability but had similar strength development as ordinary portland cement concrete.
2) Partial replacement with condensed silica fume or ultra-fine slag showed significantly greater strength than alkali-activated slag concrete at ages greater than one day, though condensed silica fume reduced workability.
3) Of the mixes tested, concrete with partial replacement of slag with condensed silica fume achieved the highest compressive strength over 91 days of
This document discusses how the pore size distribution affects drying shrinkage in alkali-activated slag concrete (AASC) compared to ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPCC). The main points are:
1) AASC exhibited higher drying shrinkage than OPCC even though OPCC lost more moisture during drying.
2) The pore size distribution of AASC pastes showed a much higher proportion of pores in the mesopore region compared to OPC pastes.
3) The radius of pores where the meniscus forms during drying seems to be a more important factor for shrinkage than the total moisture loss. This supports the theory that capillary tensile forces from drying cause shrinkage.
The Leading manufacturers, Suppliers, importers and exporters of a varied range of Carbon Products Calcined Petroleum Coke, Petroleum Coke, Cement & Cement Clinker, Petroleum ProductsPetroleum Products
Early age strength and workability of slag pastes activated by sodium silicatesfrank collins
This document reports on an investigation into activating blast furnace slag with sodium silicates to achieve equivalent one-day strength to Portland cement at normal curing temperatures and reasonable workability. The effects of varying sodium silicate activator dosages on strength and workability are discussed. Tests on pastes, mortars and concretes showed that equivalent one-day strength to Portland cement is possible using sodium silicate activation at normal curing temperatures, with the strength decreasing as the silicate modulus increases. Workability was also found to decrease with increasing activator dosage.
This document discusses microcracking and strength development in alkali activated slag concrete (AASC) subjected to different curing regimes. The main points are:
1) AASC cured without moist curing ("exposed") exhibited higher levels of microcracking compared to AASC with moist curing ("bath" or "sealed"), as measured by surface crack detection, water sorptivity, and mercury intrusion porosimetry tests.
2) Exposed AASC also showed significantly reduced compressive strength development compared to bath or sealed cured AASC. Strength of exposed AASC was 54% and 41% lower than bath and sealed AASC at 365 days.
3) Microcracking in
The document describes research into developing alkali-activated slag concrete (AASC) for construction use that achieves high early strength. The researchers created a dry powdered activator by blending sodium silicate and hydrated lime that could be pre-blended with slag. When used to make AASC, this resulted in minimal slump loss over time and compressive strengths similar to ordinary Portland cement concrete at one day. However, AASC exhibited higher drying shrinkage than OPCC. Various methods were investigated to reduce the shrinkage of AASC, such as curing regimes and use of shrinkage-reducing admixtures or porous aggregate, with some success in lowering crack tendency and widths.
Challenges for Concrete. Presenterat av professor Karen Scrivener, vinnare av Swedish Concrete Award 2015, på Träffpunkt Betong 15 den 7 oktober i Stockholm.
Application of micromechanics on alkali activated materialsTran Nam
This document discusses applying micromechanical analysis to alkali-activated materials. It identifies the intrinsic Young's modulus of the N-A-S-H gel that forms in alkali-activated fly ash and metakaolin as approximately 18 GPa using nanoindentation testing. It then develops a two-scale homogenization model combined with percolation theory to upscale the intrinsic gel properties to the macroscale, reproducing experimental data. The model also demonstrates how the N-A-S-H gel stiffens with increased packing of solid gel particles during the alkali activation process.
IRJET- Comparative Study on the Strength Parameters of Concrete Made using Na...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the strength properties of concrete made with natural and artificial waste fibers. The study aimed to compare the compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, durability, and workability of concrete containing different fiber types at 0.5% and 1% volume fractions. Materials tested included bagasse, banana, coir, glass, and plastic fibers. Results showed that fiber-reinforced concrete had higher strength properties than plain concrete and that strength generally increased with higher fiber content. Glass fiber concrete exhibited the highest strength while coir fiber concrete was the lowest but still stronger than plain concrete.
Fatigue Studies on High Performance Fibre Reinforced ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the mechanical properties of high performance fibre reinforced concrete (FRHC) with partial replacements of coarse and fine aggregates. Specifically, it investigates the effects of replacing coarse aggregate with crushed concrete waste and fine aggregate with foundry sand on the compression strength, flexural strength, and fatigue strength of the concrete. Concrete cubes were cast with different levels of aggregate replacement and with or without polypropylene fibres. Test results showed that FRHC with 15% foundry sand and 10% crushed concrete waste replacement achieved the highest strengths. Fatigue testing also found this mix could sustain more load cycles than conventional concrete without fibres. The study concludes FRHC is a good solution for structures requiring high resistance to
Strength Characterstics of Self Compacting Concrete with Partial Replacement ...IRJET Journal
The document presents the results of an experimental study investigating the strength properties of self-compacting concrete with partial replacement of cement by mineral admixtures and inclusion of polypropylene fibers. Four mixes were tested: a control mix with 100% cement and three mixes with 70% cement replaced with combinations of GGBS, fly ash, and alccofine. Compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths were tested at 7 and 28 days. Test results showed that mixes with mineral admixtures and polypropylene fibers had higher strengths compared to corresponding mixes without fibers, with compressive strengths increasing up to 10% with fibers.
IRJET- Experimental Analysis of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Blocks using Poly...IRJET Journal
1. The document discusses experimental analysis of autoclaved aerated concrete blocks using polypropylene fiber. Various tests were conducted including compressive strength and flexural strength tests.
2. The test results showed that the addition of polypropylene fiber to the concrete blocks neither increased nor decreased the compressive or flexural strength of the blocks.
3. It was concluded that the objective of reducing the size of the concrete blocks by adding fiber to increase strength could not be achieved, as the strength was unchanged with fiber addition.
Strength Studies on Carbon Fibre Reinforced Concrete with Coconut Shell as Pa...IRJET Journal
1) The study aims to evaluate the compressive and split tensile strength of concrete with partial replacements of coarse aggregate with coconut shell and additions of carbon fibre.
2) Test results showed that at 5% replacement of coarse aggregate with coconut shell, the compressive strength of concrete at 28, 56, and 90 days increased compared to normal concrete.
3) The addition of 1.0% carbon fibre further improved the compressive and split tensile strength of the concrete compared to concrete with only coconut shell replacement.
4) The highest strengths were obtained with a combination of 5% coarse aggregate replacement with coconut shell and 1.0% carbon fibre addition.
IRJET- Study on the Effect of Plastic Fibers in Sugarcane Bagasse Ash Con...IRJET Journal
This study investigated the effect of adding plastic fibers to sugarcane bagasse ash concrete. Sugarcane bagasse ash was used to partially replace cement at dosages from 0-20%. Testing found the optimum replacement was 5%, which showed the highest compressive strength. Plastic fibers were then added to this 5% sugarcane bagasse ash concrete at dosages from 0.5-2%. Testing determined the optimum dosage of plastic fibers was 1%, which further improved the concrete's compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths compared to sugarcane bagasse ash concrete alone. The combination of 5% sugarcane bagasse ash and 1% plastic fibers thus provided the highest overall strengths.
IRJET- Combined Effect of Glass Powder & Coconut Fiber on Strength of ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research into using glass powder and coconut fiber as partial replacements for cement and coarse aggregate in concrete. In initial tests, coconut fiber was used to replace coarse aggregate at levels of 3%, 5%, and 7%. Compressive strength was highest with 3% fiber replacement. Additional tests then used 3% fiber and replaced cement with 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% glass powder. Compressive and flexural strengths were found to be similar to or higher than standard concrete without replacements. The research aims to improve sustainability by using waste materials in concrete without compromising strength.
IRJET- Evaluation of Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete and Determination...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the evaluation of properties of reactive powder concrete (RPC) using locally available materials in India. RPC is an ultra-high strength concrete with no coarse aggregates. The document details the development of 9 different RPC mix designs varying the water-binder ratio, silica fume content, and superplasticizer dosage. Fresh and hardened properties like compressive strength, flexural strength, bond strength, and modulus of elasticity were tested on specimens cured with both normal and hot air curing. The maximum compressive strength of 108.63 MPa was achieved for a mix with 20% silica fume content and a water-binder ratio of 0.25, cured with hot air. Flexural strengths were found
FLEXURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE WITH CRIMPED STEEL FIBER AND ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the flexural characteristics of reinforced concrete with crimped steel fiber and polypropylene fiber. The study aimed to improve the flexural, shear, and crack resistance of concrete by adding different percentages (0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%) of crimped steel fiber and polypropylene fiber. Tests were conducted to evaluate the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural resistance of concrete specimens containing the fibers. The results showed that the addition of 1.2% crimped steel fiber and 1.2% polypropylene fiber increased the compressive strength by 21%, split tensile strength by 32%, and flexural strength by 61%
Performance of overburden waste rocks as aggregate in concreteIRJET Journal
The document investigates using overburden waste rock from mining to partially replace coarse aggregate in concrete. 130 concrete specimens were prepared with 0-75% replacement and tested. Compressive strength decreased as replacement increased from 15-45% but remained useful up to 50% replacement. A statistical analysis found a correlation coefficient of 0.77, indicating consistency. Equations were developed to predict the strength decrease based on replacement percentage. The study concluded that overburden rock can replace up to 50% coarse aggregate while maintaining sufficient concrete strength for structural uses.
IRJET-Infrared Thermal Face Recognition under Temporal VariationIRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental study on the strength properties of concrete with the addition of nanosilica. Cubes of M20 and M30 grade concrete were produced with 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5% partial replacement of cement with nanosilica. The cubes were tested for compressive strength and workability after 7 and 28 days of curing. For both grades, compressive strength initially decreased with 0.5% nanosilica but then increased up to 2% replacement, above which it decreased again. The 2% replacement provided the highest 7 and 28-day compressive strengths, increasing up to 15.9% and 18.7
DURABILITY STUDY OF CORBON BLACK POWDER ADDED CONCRETE.pptxRajeshKumar25548
This document describes a study on the use of carbon black powder in concrete mixes. The objectives were to increase strength and reduce honeycombing while using an air pollutant from tire recycling. Concrete cubes and cylinders were cast using an M35 mix with 6% carbon black powder added. Compressive and split tensile testing showed that at 28 days the carbon black concrete had slightly higher strengths than conventional concrete. The conclusion is that carbon black powder can be effectively used in concrete mixes to improve strength properties.
IRJET- Analysis of Behaviour of Rice Husk Ash Cement Concrete on Addition...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes the behavior of rice husk ash cement concrete with the addition of polypropylene fiber. Various mixtures of rice husk ash and polypropylene fiber were added to concrete. Testing found that the maximum 7-day compressive strength was achieved with 10% rice husk ash and 0.5% polypropylene fiber, increasing strength by 22.6% compared to controlled concrete. The maximum 28-day compressive strength was also achieved with this mixture, increasing strength by 54.61%. For split tensile strength, the maximum 7-day strength was achieved with 5% rice husk ash and 0.5% polypropylene fiber, increasing strength by 53.57%. The
Strength Characteristics of Coconut Fiber reinforced concreteIRJET Journal
This study investigated the strength properties of coconut fiber reinforced concrete. Concrete cubes and cylinders were produced with 0-5% coconut fiber replacement of cement by weight. Testing found that workability decreased as fiber content increased. Compressive strength was highest with 1-2% fiber content, though all fiber mixes were weaker than plain concrete at 7 days. At 28 days, 1-2% mixes approached plain concrete strength. Split tensile strength followed a similar trend, with 1-2% mixes performing closest to plain concrete at 28 days. The study demonstrated that coconut fiber can improve some mechanical properties of concrete at low replacement ratios.
A Study on Partial Replacement of Natural Granite Aggregate with Pelletized F...ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
A Study on Partial Replacement of Natural Granite Aggregate with Pelletized F...ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
This document summarizes a presentation on optimizing concrete mix design for pavement. It discusses:
- Using a modified Toufar model and experimental testing to determine aggregate packing and optimum gradations.
- Conducting experiments with different aggregate blends and cement contents to evaluate fresh properties, strength, and permeability. Promising blends were identified.
- Further reducing cement contents of promising blends by adjusting water reducer dosage and retesting. Cement could be reduced by up to 1 sack without compromising performance.
- Proposing a mix design procedure considering aggregate packing from modeling/testing, minimum excess paste, and verification with a box test to ensure adequate strength and surface quality.
Effect of Alccofine and Fly Ash Addition on the Durability of High Performanc...ijsrd.com
The aim of this Study is to evaluate the performance of concrete (HPC) containing supplementary cementitious materials such as Fly ash & Alccofine. The necessity of high performance concrete is increasing because of demands in the construction industry. Efforts for improving the performance of concrete over the past few years suggest that cement replacement materials along with Mineral & chemical admixtures can improve the strength and durability characteristics of concrete. Alccofine (GGBS) and Fly ash are pozzolanic materials that can be utilized to produce highly durable concrete composites. This study investigates the performance of concrete mixture containing Local Alccofine. in terms of Compressive strength, Sulphate Attack tests, Alkali test and RCPT (Rapid chloride penetration test) at age of 28 and 56 days. In addition find out the optimum dosage of alccofine and fly ash from that get M70 Strength, in final mix proportion perform a given test. Result show that concrete incorporating Alccofine and fly ash had higher compressive strength and alccofine enhanced the durability of concretes and reduced the chloride diffusion. An exponential relationship between chloride permeability and compressive strength of concrete is exhibited.
ELASTIC PROPERTY EVALUATION OF FIBRE REINFORCED GEOPOLYMER COMPOSITE USING SU...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research conducted on evaluating the elastic properties of fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites using sugarcane bagasse fiber. Composites with various weight percentages of bagasse fiber (0%, 2%, 5%, 7%) were fabricated and tested. Vibration testing found that composites with 2% fiber had the highest natural frequencies, while damping decreased with increasing fiber content. Tensile testing showed that strength increased with higher fiber content, with the 7% composite exhibiting the highest ultimate strength. In general, the addition of bagasse fiber improved the elastic properties and strength of the geopolymer composites.
Blood finder application project report (1).pdfKamal Acharya
Blood Finder is an emergency time app where a user can search for the blood banks as
well as the registered blood donors around Mumbai. This application also provide an
opportunity for the user of this application to become a registered donor for this user have
to enroll for the donor request from the application itself. If the admin wish to make user
a registered donor, with some of the formalities with the organization it can be done.
Specialization of this application is that the user will not have to register on sign-in for
searching the blood banks and blood donors it can be just done by installing the
application to the mobile.
The purpose of making this application is to save the user’s time for searching blood of
needed blood group during the time of the emergency.
This is an android application developed in Java and XML with the connectivity of
SQLite database. This application will provide most of basic functionality required for an
emergency time application. All the details of Blood banks and Blood donors are stored
in the database i.e. SQLite.
This application allowed the user to get all the information regarding blood banks and
blood donors such as Name, Number, Address, Blood Group, rather than searching it on
the different websites and wasting the precious time. This application is effective and
user friendly.
Impartiality as per ISO /IEC 17025:2017 StandardMuhammadJazib15
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A high-Speed Communication System is based on the Design of a Bi-NoC Router, ...DharmaBanothu
The Network on Chip (NoC) has emerged as an effective
solution for intercommunication infrastructure within System on
Chip (SoC) designs, overcoming the limitations of traditional
methods that face significant bottlenecks. However, the complexity
of NoC design presents numerous challenges related to
performance metrics such as scalability, latency, power
consumption, and signal integrity. This project addresses the
issues within the router's memory unit and proposes an enhanced
memory structure. To achieve efficient data transfer, FIFO buffers
are implemented in distributed RAM and virtual channels for
FPGA-based NoC. The project introduces advanced FIFO-based
memory units within the NoC router, assessing their performance
in a Bi-directional NoC (Bi-NoC) configuration. The primary
objective is to reduce the router's workload while enhancing the
FIFO internal structure. To further improve data transfer speed,
a Bi-NoC with a self-configurable intercommunication channel is
suggested. Simulation and synthesis results demonstrate
guaranteed throughput, predictable latency, and equitable
network access, showing significant improvement over previous
designs
Height and depth gauge linear metrology.pdfq30122000
Height gauges may also be used to measure the height of an object by using the underside of the scriber as the datum. The datum may be permanently fixed or the height gauge may have provision to adjust the scale, this is done by sliding the scale vertically along the body of the height gauge by turning a fine feed screw at the top of the gauge; then with the scriber set to the same level as the base, the scale can be matched to it. This adjustment allows different scribers or probes to be used, as well as adjusting for any errors in a damaged or resharpened probe.
Determination of Equivalent Circuit parameters and performance characteristic...pvpriya2
Includes the testing of induction motor to draw the circle diagram of induction motor with step wise procedure and calculation for the same. Also explains the working and application of Induction generator
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji - Bandi Chor Guru.pdfBalvir Singh
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji (19 June 1595 - 3 March 1644) is revered as the Sixth Nanak.
• On 25 May 1606 Guru Arjan nominated his son Sri Hargobind Ji as his successor. Shortly
afterwards, Guru Arjan was arrested, tortured and killed by order of the Mogul Emperor
Jahangir.
• Guru Hargobind's succession ceremony took place on 24 June 1606. He was barely
eleven years old when he became 6th Guru.
• As ordered by Guru Arjan Dev Ji, he put on two swords, one indicated his spiritual
authority (PIRI) and the other, his temporal authority (MIRI). He thus for the first time
initiated military tradition in the Sikh faith to resist religious persecution, protect
people’s freedom and independence to practice religion by choice. He transformed
Sikhs to be Saints and Soldier.
• He had a long tenure as Guru, lasting 37 years, 9 months and 3 days
1. Properties of no-cement binder containing slag, fly ash,
rice husk ash and coconut fiber with chemical activator
CICM 2015
First International Conference on
Advances in Civil Infrastructure and Construction Materials
MIST, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 14–15 December 2015
Md. Shafi Ullah
Graduate, Department of Civil Engineering
Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology (DUET), Gazipur, Bangladesh
Monjurul Hasan
Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering
Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology (DUET), Gazipur, Bangladesh
Dr. Md. Rezaul Karim
Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering
Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology (DUET), Gazipur, Bangladesh
2. Contents
Introduction
Review of Literature
Objectives of the study
Materials and Methodology
Test result and Discussion
Conclusion
Recommendation
3. Introduction
• Concrete is responsible for up to 5% CO2 of the world's
total amount of carbon emissions (Stephanie, 2008)
• Cement production is extremely energy intensive, which
making as the third producer of CO2 emissions.
• Production of cement is increasing by approx. 5% in a
year.
• 300 million tons of CO2 could be reduced by replacing
only 18.5% of cement with slag or fly ash (FA) per year
globally (Bremner 2001).
4. • Slag is a by-product or waste from steel mills
• FA is produced from coal operated power plants
• Rice husk ash (RHA) generates from the rice processing
industries.
• All of these waste materials contain a high percentage of silicon
dioxide in amorphous and/or crystalline form (Chindaprasirt et al.
2007, 2008; Zain et al. 2011).
• Coconut fibers are dumped as agricultural waste has certain
physical and mechanical characteristics that can be utilized
effectively in the development of reinforced concrete material.
Introduction
5. Review of Literatures
Materials Ratio
W/B
Ratio
Coconut
Fiber(%)
Compressive
Strength at
28 day (MPa)
Reference
FA:OPC 20:80 0.5 0.0 60.5
Chindaprasirt
2009a
RHA:OPC
20:80
0.53 0.0 29.5
Ganesan et
al. 2008
FA:OPC
20:80
0.5 0.0 60.5
Chindaprasirt
2009a
Cement:
sand:
aggregates
1:1.6:3.6 0.53 2 24.3
Baruah and
Talukdar
(2007)]
Slag:FA:RHA 55:25:20 0.5-0.6 0 32.2 Karim, 2013
6. Objectives of the study
The main goal of this study is to investigate different properties
of a alkali activated binder containing slag, FA, RHA with
coconut fibers.
• To determine the flexural, tensile and compressive strength
of the alkali activated binder with coconut fibers.
• To study the new binder as an alternative light weight
material.
• To Provide safeguard to the environment by utilizing above
mention waste.
12. • Three different percentage of coconut fibers (1 % ,1.5 % and 2.0 %)
were used as reinforcement.
• Three different percentage of NaOH (5 %,10 % and 15 %) were used
as activator.
• Three different ages of mortar 14, 28, and 90 days strength were
studied.
• 50% sylhet sand and 50% local sand were used as fine aggregate
Methodology
15. •Tensile Strength (using Briquette mould)
• Flexural Strength
• Compressive Strength
The following tests were conducted on the respective
specimens
Methodology
Standard prism size
40 X 40 X 160 mm
were used.
16. Test Result and Discussion
Table 2: Physical properties of the materials
Name of materials Specific gravity
Fineness
(% Passing # 200 sieve)
Slag 2.75 100
FA 2.38 99.9
Ground RHA 1.98 100
OPC 3.14 100
Coconut fiber 1.18 ---
17. Test Result and Discussion
Mix
Unit weight of
Mortar(kg/m3)
Mix
Unit weight of
Mortar( kg/m3)
Mix-1(a) 1841 Mix-2 1785
Mix-1(b) 1860 Mix-3 1780
Mix-1(c) 1808 Mix-4 1775
OPC Mortar 2200
Table 3: Unit weight of the mortar specimens
18. Test Result and Discussion
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 20 40 60 80 100
Compressivestrength(MPa)
Days
15%NaOH 5%NaOH 10% NaOH
FIGURE 1: Compressive strength of mortar as influenced by amount
of activator
20. Test Result and Discussion
FIGURE 3: Compressive strength of mortar as influenced by percentage
of Coconut fiber.
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Compessivestrength(MPa)
% Of Coconut fiber
14 Days 28 Days 90 Days
21. 1.7 1.7 1.8
2.4 2.5 2.6
2.9 2.9 2.9
2.4
2.6 2.7
2.3
2.6
2.9
2.1 2.2 2.3
14 Days 28 Days 90 Days
Mix-1(a) Mix-1(b) Mix-1(c)
Mix-2 Mix-3 Mix-4
Test Result and Discussion
FIGURE 4: Flexural strength of NCB mortars specimens at different ages
22. 0.3
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.6 0.6
0.5
0.6 0.60.6
0.7 0.70.7 0.7 0.7
0.6
0.7 0.7
14 Days 28 Days 90 Days
Age of the specimen
Mix-1(a) Mix-1(b) Mix-1(c)
Mix-2 Mix-3 Mix-4
Test Result and analysis
FIGURE 5: Tensile strength of NCB mortars specimens at different ages
23. Conclusion
• Specific gravity of no-cement binder (NCB) with coconut fiber
composite mortars (Slag, FA, RHA and Coconut fibers) is lower
than conventional OPC mortar.
• Unit weight of NCB mortar is near about 1800 kg/m3 and for OPC
mortar this value is 2200 kg/m3 . Therefore, it can be concluded
that the use of coconut fiber with NCB has great potential in the
production of lightweight mortar/concrete
• Materials should be processed properly maintaining high fineness
Otherwise more chemical activator (minimum 10% activator by
weight of binder) must be used.
24. • Addition of 1.5% coconut fiber with NCB achieved best compressive
and flexural strength of 12.5MPa and 2.9 MPa respectively after 90
days curing period.
• Improvement on compressive and flexural strength about 44.7 %
and 11.7% respectively in comparison with NCB without coconut
fiber.
• The tensile strength of NCB was found to be 0.8 Mpa at 90 days
(improved by 22.41%).
• Therefore, 1.5 % can be declared as optimum coconut fiber content
to achieve highest strength.
Conclusion