This document discusses the performance of concrete incorporating industrial and agricultural wastes. It describes adding sisal, flax, glass fiber, and carpet waste fibers at percentages of 0.5%, 1%, and 2% by volume to concrete mixes. Tests were performed on 234 concrete cubes to measure compressive strength, 39 beams for flexural strength, and 39 cylinders for indirect tensile strength. The results showed improvements in the mechanical and durability properties of concrete with the addition of glass fibers and waste fibers.
Physical and mechanical properties of concrete incorporating industrial and a...eSAT Journals
Ā
Abstract To reduce the impact on the environment, industrial and agricultural waste products such as carpet waste, sisal and flax have been added to the concrete. Usage of these materials in concrete does not only improve the strength of concrete but also leads to the proper disposal of these materials that leads to reduce the impact on environment. Fiber admixture can effectively improve the mechanical and physical properties of concrete. Utilization of recycled fibers from post-consumer, industrial waste and agricultural waste offer some benefits such as waste reduction, resource conservation, also low-cost materials and reduced need for land filling. Concrete is a tension weak building material, which is often cracked not ridden in plastic and hardened states, drying shrinkage and so on, low tensile strength limited ductility and resistance to cracking. In order to improve attempt has been made to study the effect of these materials on ordinary Portland cement concrete. In the experimental work, glass fibers, sisal, flax and waste carpet waste in different percentage (0.5%, 1% and 2 %) has been added by volume of concrete volume. The hardened concrete properties compressive strength, dry Shrinkage, Impact stress, The effect of temperature and Thermal conductivity of Concrete) were carried out. A total of Thirteen concrete mixtures were performed with cement content of 350 Kg/m3 at water - cement ratio = 0.525 , The amount of water was adjusted according to cement content, The super plasticizer dosage varied from 0.8% to 2.5% of cement content to achieve the required level of workability defined by a slump value of 10Ā± 2cm. KEYWORDS: Percentages added, concrete mixes, (sisal, flax, glass fiber and Carpet wastes fiber), Coarse Aggregate (CA), Fine Aggregate (FA), compressive strength test, dry Shrinkage, Impact energy , The effect of temperature and Thermal conductivity of Concrete test.
Investigation of Wear Behavior of Rice Husk Filled Cotton Fiber Reinforced Po...ijtsrd
Ā
Usage of natural fiber reinforced polymeric composites has drastically increased in recent years for industrial applications. In this investigation, Composite specimens were prepared with polyester resin, cotton polyester resin, and cotton polyester resin with rice husk filler. The hand layup method was used to prepare composite sheets with specially prepared steel die. The specimens were prepared as per ASTMG99 standards and Friction coefficient and wear rate were measured for the proposed materials under dry sliding contact with steel counter face. Pin on disc wear testing machine used to perform the proposed tribological measurement and 20,40, and 60N applied normal loads. Suganth. V | Gabriel. A | Dr. S. Velumani "Investigation of Wear Behavior of Rice Husk Filled Cotton Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33635.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/33635/investigation-of-wear-behavior-of-rice-husk-filled-cotton-fiber-reinforced-polyester-composites/suganth-v
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON WEAR BEHAVIOUR OF SIC FILLED HYBRID COMPOSITES USING TA...IAEME Publication
Ā
The popularity of composite materials usage is increasing due to its superior strengthcharacters racing the traditional materials in strength to weight ratio. The developments of new
materials are on the anvil and are growing day by day. In this work, two-body abrasive wear testwith different loads and abrading distances were performed at room temperature by using a pin ona disk apparatus to determine the surface hardness strengthof SiC filled Glass fiber reinforced
with epoxy resin hybrid composites. The results showed that the wear volume increased withincreasing abrading distance and the specific wear rate decreased with increasing abradingdistance and increased with load for SiC particle filled Hybrid composites. Among the filled Hybridcomposites tested, composites with 10% SiC by weightshowed a better tribological behavior result.Also, a taguchiās experimental design approach to make a parametric analysis of wear behavior of10% SiCG-J-E, 10%SiCG-S-E and 10% SiCG-R-E.hybrid composites werestudied. The systematicexperimentation leads to identificationofsignificantprocessparameters and material variablesthat predominantly influence the specific wear rate.
Role of Natural and Synthetic Fillers on Erosive Wear Behavior of Basalt -Epo...IJRES Journal
Ā
An investigation was made to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of bio-based jatropha oil cake (JOC), Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and Clay on the erosive wear behavior of Basalt-epoxy (BE) hybrid composites. A Vacuum-Assisted Resin Infusion (VARI) technique was employed to obtain a filled and unfilled B-E composites. The effect of different impact velocities (20 and 40 m/s) and angle of impingement from 300 to 900 on the performance of the wear resistance of the composites were measured. The results of erosive wear losses, angle of impingement, and impact velocity and erosion rate of 3% of TiO2 and JOC filled and unfilled B-E composites are analyzed and discussed. The worn surface features of unfilled and filled B-E composites were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
Physical and mechanical properties of concrete incorporating industrial and a...eSAT Journals
Ā
Abstract To reduce the impact on the environment, industrial and agricultural waste products such as carpet waste, sisal and flax have been added to the concrete. Usage of these materials in concrete does not only improve the strength of concrete but also leads to the proper disposal of these materials that leads to reduce the impact on environment. Fiber admixture can effectively improve the mechanical and physical properties of concrete. Utilization of recycled fibers from post-consumer, industrial waste and agricultural waste offer some benefits such as waste reduction, resource conservation, also low-cost materials and reduced need for land filling. Concrete is a tension weak building material, which is often cracked not ridden in plastic and hardened states, drying shrinkage and so on, low tensile strength limited ductility and resistance to cracking. In order to improve attempt has been made to study the effect of these materials on ordinary Portland cement concrete. In the experimental work, glass fibers, sisal, flax and waste carpet waste in different percentage (0.5%, 1% and 2 %) has been added by volume of concrete volume. The hardened concrete properties compressive strength, dry Shrinkage, Impact stress, The effect of temperature and Thermal conductivity of Concrete) were carried out. A total of Thirteen concrete mixtures were performed with cement content of 350 Kg/m3 at water - cement ratio = 0.525 , The amount of water was adjusted according to cement content, The super plasticizer dosage varied from 0.8% to 2.5% of cement content to achieve the required level of workability defined by a slump value of 10Ā± 2cm. KEYWORDS: Percentages added, concrete mixes, (sisal, flax, glass fiber and Carpet wastes fiber), Coarse Aggregate (CA), Fine Aggregate (FA), compressive strength test, dry Shrinkage, Impact energy , The effect of temperature and Thermal conductivity of Concrete test.
Investigation of Wear Behavior of Rice Husk Filled Cotton Fiber Reinforced Po...ijtsrd
Ā
Usage of natural fiber reinforced polymeric composites has drastically increased in recent years for industrial applications. In this investigation, Composite specimens were prepared with polyester resin, cotton polyester resin, and cotton polyester resin with rice husk filler. The hand layup method was used to prepare composite sheets with specially prepared steel die. The specimens were prepared as per ASTMG99 standards and Friction coefficient and wear rate were measured for the proposed materials under dry sliding contact with steel counter face. Pin on disc wear testing machine used to perform the proposed tribological measurement and 20,40, and 60N applied normal loads. Suganth. V | Gabriel. A | Dr. S. Velumani "Investigation of Wear Behavior of Rice Husk Filled Cotton Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33635.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/33635/investigation-of-wear-behavior-of-rice-husk-filled-cotton-fiber-reinforced-polyester-composites/suganth-v
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON WEAR BEHAVIOUR OF SIC FILLED HYBRID COMPOSITES USING TA...IAEME Publication
Ā
The popularity of composite materials usage is increasing due to its superior strengthcharacters racing the traditional materials in strength to weight ratio. The developments of new
materials are on the anvil and are growing day by day. In this work, two-body abrasive wear testwith different loads and abrading distances were performed at room temperature by using a pin ona disk apparatus to determine the surface hardness strengthof SiC filled Glass fiber reinforced
with epoxy resin hybrid composites. The results showed that the wear volume increased withincreasing abrading distance and the specific wear rate decreased with increasing abradingdistance and increased with load for SiC particle filled Hybrid composites. Among the filled Hybridcomposites tested, composites with 10% SiC by weightshowed a better tribological behavior result.Also, a taguchiās experimental design approach to make a parametric analysis of wear behavior of10% SiCG-J-E, 10%SiCG-S-E and 10% SiCG-R-E.hybrid composites werestudied. The systematicexperimentation leads to identificationofsignificantprocessparameters and material variablesthat predominantly influence the specific wear rate.
Role of Natural and Synthetic Fillers on Erosive Wear Behavior of Basalt -Epo...IJRES Journal
Ā
An investigation was made to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of bio-based jatropha oil cake (JOC), Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and Clay on the erosive wear behavior of Basalt-epoxy (BE) hybrid composites. A Vacuum-Assisted Resin Infusion (VARI) technique was employed to obtain a filled and unfilled B-E composites. The effect of different impact velocities (20 and 40 m/s) and angle of impingement from 300 to 900 on the performance of the wear resistance of the composites were measured. The results of erosive wear losses, angle of impingement, and impact velocity and erosion rate of 3% of TiO2 and JOC filled and unfilled B-E composites are analyzed and discussed. The worn surface features of unfilled and filled B-E composites were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
Effect of Temperature on Wear Rate of Si-Epoxy- Eglass Polymer composite Mate...IDES Editor
Ā
With the increase use of polymer composites in
erosive work environment, it has become extremely important
to investigate their erosion characteristics. The hybrid
composite consisting of a Epoxy resin reinforced with Eglass
fiber and Si particles was developed. The effect of temperature
on wear rate applied to Si ā Epoxy ā Eglass polymer composite
has been studied. It has been found that the wear rate increases
as the temperature of carrier media (air) is increased.
Temperature of carrier media is one of the significant factor
influencing the erosion wear. The results were compared with
the plain epoxy composite material. Micrographs of eroded
surface are also presented to study the wear rate and Wear
behavior of composite.
Preparation and mechanical characterization of epoxy based composite develope...eSAT Journals
Ā
Abstract Increasing concern about environment has made scientist and engineers very eager in their search for environmental friendly materials. So lot of research is going on today in the field of material science to develop newer materials. Natural fibers are getting much attention of researchers, engineers and scientists as reinforcement in the polymer matrix to develop natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. In the present work an attempt has been made to develop natural fibers reinforced polymer matrix composite. Advantages of using natural fibers are density reduction, cost savings and less weight to strength ratio. Composites with 10, 20 and 30 wt % coconut shell powder epoxy composites have been fabricated using Hand layup technique. Mechanical properties of these composites have been analyzed in detail. Keywords ā Epoxy based Composites, Hand layup technique, Tensile strength, Flexural strength.
Predicting the engineering properties of concrete using acanthus montanus fibreinventionjournals
Ā
Acanthus montanus (Natural Sponge) fibre is abundant in Ghanaian forest. The Density, Compressive, Tensile strengths and Toughness of concrete reinforced with Acanthus montanus fibre were evaluated. A basic mix ratio of 1:1.5:3.0/0.5 (cement: sand: stones/wc) was used for the concrete with/without fibre. Fibre weight fraction of 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75% was added to concrete with varying wc ratios of 0.45, 0.50 and 0.55. The specimens were prepared, cured and tested in accordance with BS1881: 1982. Specimen with 0.75% fibre and 0.50 wc ratio had tensile strength of 4.09N/mm2 , 18% over the plain concrete. There was improvement of toughness by about 6% over the plain concrete with 0.75% fibre addition and 0.5 wc ratio. However, the addition of fibre did not improve the compressive strength. The specimen with 0.25% of fibre content and w/c of 0.5 had the highest compressive strength of 38 N/mm2 , among the fibre enhanced concrete, which is 5% lower than the plain concrete. The results of the study support the conclusion that addition of Natural Sponge fibre up to 0.75% (by weight of cement) is suitable enhancement of concrete where the Tensile strength and ductility of the concrete is emphasized for engineering purposes.
Influence of Carbon & Glass Fiber Reinforcements on Flexural Strength of Epox...IJERA Editor
Ā
Hybrid composite materials are more attracted by the engineers because of their properties like stiffness and high specific strength which leads to the potential application in the area of aerospace, marine and automobile sectors. In the present investigation, the flexural strength and flexural modulus of carbon and glass fibers reinforced epoxy hybrid composites were studied. The vacuum bagging technique was adopted for the fabrication of polymer hybrid composite materials. The hardness, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the hybrid composites were determined as per ASTM standards. The hardness, flexural strength and flexural modulus were improved as the fiber reinforcement contents increased in the epoxy matrix material.
Improvement in Strength of Concrete with Natural Fibers (Coir) & Artificial F...IJRESJOURNAL
Ā
ABSTRACT: This paper reports on a comprehensive study on the strength of concrete containing coir and steel fibers. Properties studied Include workability of fresh concrete, compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity for hardened concrete. To improve the strength of concrete steel fibers were added and fiber volume fraction was 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0% in weight basis. Coir fibers have higher tensile strength as compared to other natural fibers, as the coir does not break easily with hand. To improve the strength of concrete coir fibers were added and fiber weight fraction was 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, and 4.0% in volume basis The laboratory results shown that steel fiber addition into Portland cement concrete Improve the tensile strength properties. However, it reduced workability. In case of coir fibers though the workability reduces both tensile and compressive strength increases.
Study on properties of sisal fiber reinforced concrete with different mix pro...eSAT Journals
Ā
Abstract
The present research was designed to check the workability and strength properties of sisal fiber reinforced concrete with different mix proportions and different percentage of fiber addition. The materials were chosen to improve the various strength properties of the structure to obtain sustainability and better quality structure. Short discrete vegetable fiber (sisal) was examined for its suitability for incorporation in cement concrete. The physical property of this fiber has shown no deterioration in a concrete medium. Fibers were brushed, lined up and cut to obtain 4cm length. Degree of workability of concrete mix with 0.2% super plasticizer and water cement ratio 0.45 had good workability with slump value 53mm and compaction factor 0.88, which is effective, was obtained. Materials were hand mixed with 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% addition of fiber in M20 and M25 mix design and casted in cubes and cylinders. The obtained specimens were subjected to tests aimed to check the compressive, tensile and flexural strength. An increase in compressive strength by 50.53% and tensile strength by 3.416% was observed for 1.5% addition of fiber in M20 mix design respectively. An increase in compressive strength by 52.51% and tensile strength by 3.904% was observed for 1.5% addition of fiber in M25 mix design respectively.
Keywords: Sisal fiber, workability, sustainability, mix design, compressive, tensile, flexural.
Indirect Tensile Strength of Modified Bitumen Mixturedbpublications
Ā
The performance of flexible pavements depends on bituminous mixture and external factors such as traffic loading and weather conditions. Bitumen mixture is elastic, viscoelastic and plastic material where rate of traffic loading and weather conditions plays very significant role on its behavior .Conventional bitumen mixture is unable bear the present traffic volume and environmental conditions by considering this an attempt has been made to study the indirect tensile strength of modified bitumen mixture using cellulose fiber as a modifier. Higher tensile strength resist the cracks, fatigue and rutting which are common failure in the flexible pavements. For preparation of bituminous concrete mixture (BC) gradation has been taken as per MORTH (table no: 500-18) specification. Bitumen content is optimized at 5% and cellulose binder content has been varied such as 1%, 3% and 5% of total mix. Conducted different types of tests such as penetration, ductility, softening point and indirect tensile strength . It has been observed that the behavior of asphalt cement after adding the modifier differ from percentage to another, At 5% an ideal improvement to the fatigue and rutting resistance properties of the asphalt cement in terms of indirect tensile strength as compared with 1%,2% of modifier and conventional bitumen . The addition of 5% Cellulose is found more significant.
Experimental Evaluation of effect of filler on tensile behaviour of E-glass/e...IJRES Journal
Ā
The present work describes the processing and tensile characterization of polymer matrix composites (PMC). Two types of E-glass laminates namely woven and chopped are used as a reinforcing materials and epoxy resin constitutes matrix system. Several works has been carried out to prove that strength of glass fibre composites progressively increased with adding fillers. Keeping this in mind the present work successeded in using wollastonite as a filler material, tensile test samples from both woven and chopped type were prepared and tests are conducted as per ASTM standards and corresponding results are tabulated and discussed. The present work also highlights the tensile strength for both woven and chopped laminates were compared. It is observed that use of wollastonite filler influences greatly on tensile properties of polymer matrix composites. And it is also cleared that woven laminates shows higher resistance to tensile loading as compared to chopped laminates.
Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Glass and Jute Fiber Hybrid Reinforced Epoxy Com...IJERD Editor
Ā
Glass Fiber reinforced composites are emerging as a potential material for a wide variety of
industrial applications owing to their good combination of physical and mechanical properties. In recent
decades, glass fiber composites parts are widely used as sliding components in different engineering
applications. Due to the legitimate theoretical and practical importance, the study of tribological performance of
these emerging materials becomes highly decisive. In the present research initiative, two type of reinforcements
are selected there are Glass and jute fibers with matrix of epoxy 551 was used for composite specimen
preparation. The frictional and wear characteristics of the developed composites have been studied under
different sliding conditions. From the results it is conclude that jute is more efficient in improving the
tribological Performance of glass-epoxy composites than the raw glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites.
Fabrication, experimental investigation of jute fiber reinforced epoxy compos...Adib Bin Rashid
Ā
A special type of jute fiber woven mat was introduced by a hand loom. Epoxy jute
fiber composites were fabricated using the woven fiber mat. A series of jute-hybrid epoxy composites based on the arrangement of the direction of jute fibers, and additional material were introduced to ensure the elevated mechanical properties of the composites. Improved
mechanical properties were found in some cases of hybrid epoxy composites. It is discussed that the mechanical behavior is related to the fiber orientation, types of additional materials used in hybrid materials. The purpose of this study is to propose a simple technical method to prepare woven jute fiber mat by hand loom, and to produce epoxy jute fiber, hybrid composite materials to exhibit the elevated mechanical properties.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Effect of Temperature on Wear Rate of Si-Epoxy- Eglass Polymer composite Mate...IDES Editor
Ā
With the increase use of polymer composites in
erosive work environment, it has become extremely important
to investigate their erosion characteristics. The hybrid
composite consisting of a Epoxy resin reinforced with Eglass
fiber and Si particles was developed. The effect of temperature
on wear rate applied to Si ā Epoxy ā Eglass polymer composite
has been studied. It has been found that the wear rate increases
as the temperature of carrier media (air) is increased.
Temperature of carrier media is one of the significant factor
influencing the erosion wear. The results were compared with
the plain epoxy composite material. Micrographs of eroded
surface are also presented to study the wear rate and Wear
behavior of composite.
Preparation and mechanical characterization of epoxy based composite develope...eSAT Journals
Ā
Abstract Increasing concern about environment has made scientist and engineers very eager in their search for environmental friendly materials. So lot of research is going on today in the field of material science to develop newer materials. Natural fibers are getting much attention of researchers, engineers and scientists as reinforcement in the polymer matrix to develop natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. In the present work an attempt has been made to develop natural fibers reinforced polymer matrix composite. Advantages of using natural fibers are density reduction, cost savings and less weight to strength ratio. Composites with 10, 20 and 30 wt % coconut shell powder epoxy composites have been fabricated using Hand layup technique. Mechanical properties of these composites have been analyzed in detail. Keywords ā Epoxy based Composites, Hand layup technique, Tensile strength, Flexural strength.
Predicting the engineering properties of concrete using acanthus montanus fibreinventionjournals
Ā
Acanthus montanus (Natural Sponge) fibre is abundant in Ghanaian forest. The Density, Compressive, Tensile strengths and Toughness of concrete reinforced with Acanthus montanus fibre were evaluated. A basic mix ratio of 1:1.5:3.0/0.5 (cement: sand: stones/wc) was used for the concrete with/without fibre. Fibre weight fraction of 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75% was added to concrete with varying wc ratios of 0.45, 0.50 and 0.55. The specimens were prepared, cured and tested in accordance with BS1881: 1982. Specimen with 0.75% fibre and 0.50 wc ratio had tensile strength of 4.09N/mm2 , 18% over the plain concrete. There was improvement of toughness by about 6% over the plain concrete with 0.75% fibre addition and 0.5 wc ratio. However, the addition of fibre did not improve the compressive strength. The specimen with 0.25% of fibre content and w/c of 0.5 had the highest compressive strength of 38 N/mm2 , among the fibre enhanced concrete, which is 5% lower than the plain concrete. The results of the study support the conclusion that addition of Natural Sponge fibre up to 0.75% (by weight of cement) is suitable enhancement of concrete where the Tensile strength and ductility of the concrete is emphasized for engineering purposes.
Influence of Carbon & Glass Fiber Reinforcements on Flexural Strength of Epox...IJERA Editor
Ā
Hybrid composite materials are more attracted by the engineers because of their properties like stiffness and high specific strength which leads to the potential application in the area of aerospace, marine and automobile sectors. In the present investigation, the flexural strength and flexural modulus of carbon and glass fibers reinforced epoxy hybrid composites were studied. The vacuum bagging technique was adopted for the fabrication of polymer hybrid composite materials. The hardness, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the hybrid composites were determined as per ASTM standards. The hardness, flexural strength and flexural modulus were improved as the fiber reinforcement contents increased in the epoxy matrix material.
Improvement in Strength of Concrete with Natural Fibers (Coir) & Artificial F...IJRESJOURNAL
Ā
ABSTRACT: This paper reports on a comprehensive study on the strength of concrete containing coir and steel fibers. Properties studied Include workability of fresh concrete, compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity for hardened concrete. To improve the strength of concrete steel fibers were added and fiber volume fraction was 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0% in weight basis. Coir fibers have higher tensile strength as compared to other natural fibers, as the coir does not break easily with hand. To improve the strength of concrete coir fibers were added and fiber weight fraction was 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, and 4.0% in volume basis The laboratory results shown that steel fiber addition into Portland cement concrete Improve the tensile strength properties. However, it reduced workability. In case of coir fibers though the workability reduces both tensile and compressive strength increases.
Study on properties of sisal fiber reinforced concrete with different mix pro...eSAT Journals
Ā
Abstract
The present research was designed to check the workability and strength properties of sisal fiber reinforced concrete with different mix proportions and different percentage of fiber addition. The materials were chosen to improve the various strength properties of the structure to obtain sustainability and better quality structure. Short discrete vegetable fiber (sisal) was examined for its suitability for incorporation in cement concrete. The physical property of this fiber has shown no deterioration in a concrete medium. Fibers were brushed, lined up and cut to obtain 4cm length. Degree of workability of concrete mix with 0.2% super plasticizer and water cement ratio 0.45 had good workability with slump value 53mm and compaction factor 0.88, which is effective, was obtained. Materials were hand mixed with 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% addition of fiber in M20 and M25 mix design and casted in cubes and cylinders. The obtained specimens were subjected to tests aimed to check the compressive, tensile and flexural strength. An increase in compressive strength by 50.53% and tensile strength by 3.416% was observed for 1.5% addition of fiber in M20 mix design respectively. An increase in compressive strength by 52.51% and tensile strength by 3.904% was observed for 1.5% addition of fiber in M25 mix design respectively.
Keywords: Sisal fiber, workability, sustainability, mix design, compressive, tensile, flexural.
Indirect Tensile Strength of Modified Bitumen Mixturedbpublications
Ā
The performance of flexible pavements depends on bituminous mixture and external factors such as traffic loading and weather conditions. Bitumen mixture is elastic, viscoelastic and plastic material where rate of traffic loading and weather conditions plays very significant role on its behavior .Conventional bitumen mixture is unable bear the present traffic volume and environmental conditions by considering this an attempt has been made to study the indirect tensile strength of modified bitumen mixture using cellulose fiber as a modifier. Higher tensile strength resist the cracks, fatigue and rutting which are common failure in the flexible pavements. For preparation of bituminous concrete mixture (BC) gradation has been taken as per MORTH (table no: 500-18) specification. Bitumen content is optimized at 5% and cellulose binder content has been varied such as 1%, 3% and 5% of total mix. Conducted different types of tests such as penetration, ductility, softening point and indirect tensile strength . It has been observed that the behavior of asphalt cement after adding the modifier differ from percentage to another, At 5% an ideal improvement to the fatigue and rutting resistance properties of the asphalt cement in terms of indirect tensile strength as compared with 1%,2% of modifier and conventional bitumen . The addition of 5% Cellulose is found more significant.
Experimental Evaluation of effect of filler on tensile behaviour of E-glass/e...IJRES Journal
Ā
The present work describes the processing and tensile characterization of polymer matrix composites (PMC). Two types of E-glass laminates namely woven and chopped are used as a reinforcing materials and epoxy resin constitutes matrix system. Several works has been carried out to prove that strength of glass fibre composites progressively increased with adding fillers. Keeping this in mind the present work successeded in using wollastonite as a filler material, tensile test samples from both woven and chopped type were prepared and tests are conducted as per ASTM standards and corresponding results are tabulated and discussed. The present work also highlights the tensile strength for both woven and chopped laminates were compared. It is observed that use of wollastonite filler influences greatly on tensile properties of polymer matrix composites. And it is also cleared that woven laminates shows higher resistance to tensile loading as compared to chopped laminates.
Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Glass and Jute Fiber Hybrid Reinforced Epoxy Com...IJERD Editor
Ā
Glass Fiber reinforced composites are emerging as a potential material for a wide variety of
industrial applications owing to their good combination of physical and mechanical properties. In recent
decades, glass fiber composites parts are widely used as sliding components in different engineering
applications. Due to the legitimate theoretical and practical importance, the study of tribological performance of
these emerging materials becomes highly decisive. In the present research initiative, two type of reinforcements
are selected there are Glass and jute fibers with matrix of epoxy 551 was used for composite specimen
preparation. The frictional and wear characteristics of the developed composites have been studied under
different sliding conditions. From the results it is conclude that jute is more efficient in improving the
tribological Performance of glass-epoxy composites than the raw glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites.
Fabrication, experimental investigation of jute fiber reinforced epoxy compos...Adib Bin Rashid
Ā
A special type of jute fiber woven mat was introduced by a hand loom. Epoxy jute
fiber composites were fabricated using the woven fiber mat. A series of jute-hybrid epoxy composites based on the arrangement of the direction of jute fibers, and additional material were introduced to ensure the elevated mechanical properties of the composites. Improved
mechanical properties were found in some cases of hybrid epoxy composites. It is discussed that the mechanical behavior is related to the fiber orientation, types of additional materials used in hybrid materials. The purpose of this study is to propose a simple technical method to prepare woven jute fiber mat by hand loom, and to produce epoxy jute fiber, hybrid composite materials to exhibit the elevated mechanical properties.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Comparatives study of M20 grade conventional concrete pavement with M20 grade...IJSRD
Ā
This project work involves an experimental and laboratory study of the Polypropylene fibers with two types of admixtures those are Quarry dust and Fly ash on the mechanical properties of the concrete used in the rigid pavement. In this experimental study involves two types of concrete mixes were prepared individually. Polypropylene fiber of 1% to 3% with Quarry dust of 0.1% to 0.3% and Polypropylene fiber of 1% to 4% with Fly ash of 0.1% to 0.4% by weight of cement were added to the mixes. After that a comparative analysis has been carried out for conventional concrete to that of the fiber reinforced in relation to their compressive, split tensile and flexural properties. By the experimental work the compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths are proportionally increased both Polypropylene + Quarry dust and Polypropylene +Fly ash usage. It is observed that the optimum dosages of Polypropylene + Quarry dust is 3% + 0.3% Polypropylene +Fly ash is 4%+ 0.4% by weight of cement. In this project cost analysis is also determined for conventional concrete and fiber reinforced with admixtures individually using experimental test reports. By analyzing the cost it was found that Polypropylene reinforced concrete with quarry dust pavement is economical than Polypropylene reinforced concrete with Fly ash pavement.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Stabilization of Expansive Soil Subgrade Using Recycled Carpet Waste and Fly AshEditorIJAERD
Ā
The structure of asphalt pavements subjected to problems and collapse for many reasons one of them, when
pavement section built on swelling soil, which has volumetric change due to variation of water content, which results the
appearance of cracks collapse. For this reason, additives are used for treating expansive soil and increase its efficiency.
Polymers are one of many types of additives; there are two types of polymers natural and synthetic. Using carpet
disposal waste in soil stabilization is one of solutions for obtaining safer and harder pavements. In addition to using
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A0412401011
1. IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) www.iosrjen.org
ISSN (e): 2250-3021, ISSN (p): 2278-8719
Vol. 04, Issue 12 (December 2014), ||V4|| PP 01-011
International organization of Scientific Research 1 | P a g e
Performance of Concrete Incorporating Industrial and
Agricultural Wastes
Ashraf Mohamed Heniegal 1
, Fawkia Fahim El-Habiby 2
, Radwa Defalla Abdel
Hafez 3
1,
Department of civil construction and architectural, faculty of industrial education / Suez university, Egypt.
2,
Dept of textile engineering, Faculty of Engineering / Mansoura University, Egypt.
3,
Civil Structures Dept., Faculty of Industrial Education / sohag Univ, Egypt.
ABSTRACT : Use of industrial and agricultural waste products such as (sisal, flax, glass fiber and Carpet
wastes fiber). materials in concrete is not only improves the strength of concrete but, also leads to the proper
disposal of these materials, resulting in reducing impact of these materials on environment. Fiber admix can
effectively improve the mechanical properties of concrete. Utilization of recycled fibers from post-consumer,
industrial waste and agricultural waste offer some benefits such as waste reduction, resource conservation, also
low-cost materials and reduced need for land filling. Concrete is a tension weak building material, which is
often cracked not ridden in plastic and hardened states, drying shrinkage and so on, low tensile strength limited
ductility and resistance to cracking. In order to improve attempt has been made to study the effect of these
materials on ordinary Portland cement concrete. In the experimental work, glass fibers, sisal, flax and waste
fiber in different percentage (0.5%, 1% and 2 %) has been added .The mechanical properties of concrete ware
carried out (compressive strength test for 234 cubes, flexural strength test for 39 beams and indirect tensile
strength test for 39 cylinders). The results showed improvement in mechanical and durability of concrete with
glass fibers and waste fiber by a valuable degree.
KEYWORDS: Percentages added, concrete mixes, (sisal, flax, glass fiber and Carpet wastes fiber), Coarse
Aggregate (CA), Fine Aggregate (FA), compressive strength test, flexural strength test, indirect tensile strength
test.
I. INTRODUCTION
Sisal and flax fiber is one of the most widely used natural fibers in yarns, ropes, twines, cords, rugs,
carpets, mattresses, mats, and handcrafted articles [1] .Flax fiber is a natural fiber which has a look in the like
jute fiber, but this fiber is used extremely in textile industries for its rough texture and has higher cellulose
content and has better elasticity and strength. The chemical composition includes cellulose, lignin and
hemicelluloses. Strength of this fiber is very high and this property makes it a chief geo-synthesizer fiber for it
has smaller elongation coefficient [2]. This investigation aim to study the effect of sisal fiber addition on the
different Properties of concrete, Sisal fiber was used at three percentages of total mix volume. (0.5%, 1.0% and
1.5%), found that concrete reinforced with1.0% of sisal fiber give the best results, The water absorption was
increased due to the addition of sisal fiber. For mixes contain (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) sisal fiber by volume of
total mix the increase in water absorption was (5.9%, 16.1% and 23.8%) respectively [3]. the addition of carpet
fiber leads to enhance the splitting tensile strength, flexural strength and reducing the crack-size and a smoother
mode of failure, unlike the brittle failure behavior of plain concrete [4]. Previous investigation glass fibers in
different percentage 0 to 0.1% has been studies for the effect on mechanical properties of concrete by carrying
compressive strength test, flexural strength test and splitting tensile strength test. The results have shown
improvement in mechanical and durability properties with the addition of glass fibers [5].
II. EXPERIMENTAL WORK
To test the performance of concrete with addition of (sisal, flax, glass fiber and Carpet waste fibers) to
concrete by ratio (0.5%, 1% and 2 %) concrete cubs were made the specific and materials tests were
performance to choose the best one for concrete cubes [6] .
2. Performance Of Concrete Incorporatingā¦
International organization of Scientific Research 2 | P a g e
Materials
Cement: Ordinary Portland cement was used. Testing of cement was carried out according to Egyptian Standard
Specification (ESS 4756-1, 2007) [7] .
FINE AGGREGATE: Natural sand composed of siliceous materials was used as Fine Aggregate (FA) in this
study. Testing of sand was carried out according to the (ESS 1109, 2007). Specific Weight of used sand was 2.6
and bulk Density 1.78 t/m3 [8] .
COURSE AGGREGATE: Course Aggregate (CA) was used as gravel Aggregate in this study. Testing of
gravel Aggregate was carried out according to the (ESS 1109, 2007). Specific Weight of used gravel was 2.64
and bulk Density 1.56 t/m3 [8].
MIXING WATER: Drinking water was used for mixing.
PLASTICIZER: In this study, In order to obtain same workability without increased water, plasticizer admix
Sicament 163 was used. Sicament 163 is a plasticizer and flowing concrete Admix. (Complies with ASTM C
494 type f, B.S.5075 PART 3) .Table (1) show the Technical data.
''Table 1'' - properties of plasticizer
III. FIBER MATERIALS
SISAL AND FLAX : The utilization of sisal and flax fiber which are light weight and high tensile bearing
capacity, addition to that its low cost as compared to other substitutes, This experimental study demonstrates the
properties of concrete containing Percentages added from fiber as shown in Figures (1) and (2). Sisal and flax
which are agricultural fibers and brought from a local environment were used. In Textile Consolidation Fund
(Tcf) (Alexandria), they had these necessary tests: First, moisture content the instrument is illustrated in figure
(3) and table (2), Second, fibre bundle strength is measured by Pressley tester that is figured in (4) and table
(3). As a result of these two tests, it is Concluded that Flax humidity is less than sisal humidity, this resulted in
adding fibers as 10 mm bristles randomly in concrete and Flax cutting force is higher than sisal cutting force.
Technical data type
ļ base material polymer
ļ appearance brown liquid
ļ density 1.2 kg /1at25ļ°C
ļ chloride content nil
ļ air entrainment practically nil
ļ compatibility all type of Portland cement
''Fig. 1'' sisal '' Fig. 2'' flax
3. Performance Of Concrete Incorporatingā¦
International organization of Scientific Research 3 | P a g e
''Fig. 3'' (Libeccio) semiautomatic regains cabinet code 245B.
Carpet wastes fiber: Carpet wastes used in a local environment and a sample was taken to be tested in
laboratory of textile materials, Faculty of engineering, Mansoura University. Carpet elements are analyzed
accurately and scientifically as shown in table (4 and 5) and make use of carpet wastes to improve concrete
features. We chopped carpet to have bristles used in concrete; their length is 10 mm to be easily used as shown
in Figure (5).
Test Standard specifications
Sample
Note
Flax Sisal
moisture content% ASTM-D 2495 7.1 7.8
Temperature 20Ā°C
Relative humidity 65%
Test
Standard
specifications
Sample
Note
Flax Sisal
Fiber bundle strength "Pressely
index 1/8 inch " (g / tex.)
ASTM-D 1445 52.3 41.1 Temperature 20Ā°C
Relative humidity 65%
Elongation% ASTM-D 1445 1.7 3.1
''Fig. 4'' Pressley Tester - code 231 A
''Table 2'' - Humidity contain for sisal and flax fibers
''Table 3'' - Breaking strength and elongation for sisal and flax fibers.
4. Performance Of Concrete Incorporatingā¦
International organization of Scientific Research 4 | P a g e
''Fig. 5'' carpet wastes
''Table 4'' - The density of materials used in the components of carpet
''Table 5 '' - Components of carpet
GLASS FIBER: These fibers are more used in the technology of Concrete industry as shown in Figure (6). It in
a production of the company of modern building chemicals, the product has a brochure show its specifications as
shown in table (6). They are used to improve concrete industry. The mix features such as compressive strength
and tensile will be better, so the concrete used will be improved.
''Fig. 6''glass fiber
''Table 6'' - Properties of fiber glass
CONCRETE MIXES: Mixes were made with different cement contents (300,350, and 400 kg/m3
) and water ratio
(0.525, 0.525and0.425). 39 (3groups mixes were made, with plasticizer dosage ranges between 0.6 % to 2.5% of
cement content to achieve the required level of workability defined by a slump value of 10Ā± 2cm. fibers added
such as (fiber glass, carpet wastes, sisal and flax) amounting (0%, 0.5%, 1% and 2% by volume of concrete
volume) to the mix. the ratio of fine to coarse aggregate was about (1:1.5), this experimental study demonstrates
the properties of concrete containing Percentages added from fiber. Composition of designed
Mixes have been shown in Table (7). All the concrete mixes were mixed at many institutions such as: laboratory
of Properties of Laboratory materials - Faculty of Engineering- Assiut University, textile consolidation fund-
Alexandria and also laboratory of properties of Laboratory materials - Faculty of Engineering- Mansoura
University.
Components of carpet layers Density (t/m3
)
- Polypropylene 0.92
- Canvas 1.5
- Polyester 1.38
Configure carpet Components of carpet layers
Natural fibers Canvas Cotton
Synthetic fibers Polypropylene Polyester
Matrix materials Thermal properties Mechanical properties
Type: pure polypropylene
Density: 0.91 gm / cm3
Color : white
Melting point 160Ā° C
Ignition temperature < 320 Ā° C
Tensile strength 370 N/ mm2
Modulus of elasticity 3750
N/mm2
elongation at break 11%
5. Performance Of Concrete Incorporatingā¦
International organization of Scientific Research 5 | P a g e
''Table 7 '' - Concrete mixes
*Four mixes means fiber glass, carpet wastes, sisal and flax respectively.
PROPERTIES OF USED FIBERS: Fibers such as (glass fibers, carpet wastes, sisal and flax) were used in the
concrete in the form of bristles, their distribution was random, they represent a rate of the concrete mix and they
were added according to each fiber density. Table (8) shows the used fibers density. Test was done after 28 days
of Cubes. Weight of cubes after 28 days shows that all of them are higher than 2t /m3
, this look like ordinary
concrete. Which are used ordinary aggregate, which the light concrete is less than 2 t/m3
. (Fiber glass, sisal, flax
and waste fiber) have been brought from local markets, and they were cut into 10 millimeter length in order to
be spread randomly in the concrete by using spreading method.
.
IV. CONCRETE TESTS
All the concrete mixes were carried out at Laboratory of properties of materials - Faculty of Engineering-
Assiut University, Textile consolidation fund- Alexandria and Laboratory of Properties of materials - Faculty of
Engineering - Mansoura University. It is through these labs available, it was material processing, and work
samples, and then processed, the samples are as follows:
The slump test was conducted on fresh concrete to determine the slump value. For each concrete
mix, six 150Ć150Ć150 mm cubes were casted to determine the compressive strength at 7 and 28 days.
Three 150mm Ć 300mm cylinders were casted for the determination of the average indirect tensile strength at 28
days. Three prisms of dimensions 100 Ć 100 Ć 500 mm were casted for the determination of flexural strength at
28 days. All casted specimens were covered by plastic sheets and water saturated burlap and left in the laboratory
for 24 hour.
Mix No Designation
C
(Kg/m3
)
W
(litter/m3
)
SP
%of
Cement
content
FA
(Kg/m3
)
CA
(Kg/m3
)
F (4 types)
% by volume
Control(1) M1( 300) 300 158 1 798 1197 0
G1
M 2:5( 300)* 300 158 1.5 793 1189 0.5
M 6:9( 300)* 300 158 2 788 1181 1
M10:13( 300)* 300 158 2.5 777 1165 2
Control (2) M14( 350) 350 184 0.8 779 1168 0
G2
M15:18( 350)* 350 184 1.3 773 1160 0.5
M19:22( 350)* 350 184 1.8 768 1152 1
M23:26( 350)* 350 184 2.5 767 1136 2
Control (3) M27( 400) 400 170 0.6 828 1242 0
G3
M28:31( 400)* 400 170 1.1 823 1234 0.5
M32:35( 400)* 400 170 1.5 817 1226 1
M36:39( 400)* 400 170 2.5 807 1210 2
Density(t/m3
)Materials
2.54Fiber Glass
1.50flax
1.32sisal
1.30carpet Waste
''Table 8'' - Materials density
6. Performance Of Concrete Incorporatingā¦
International organization of Scientific Research 6 | P a g e
''Fig. 7'' Plasticizer dosage for concrete mixes
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
FRESH CONCRETE PROPERTIES
SLUMP TEST: The dosage of super plasticizer added to different concrete mixes to maintain a constant slump of
10Ā± 2 cm was ranged between 0.6 % and 2.5 % of cement content, it can be noticed that the dosage of plasticizer
should be increased significantly by increasing the percentage of fibers. In general, the fiber needed more water
mix than the normal concrete [9] .
Hardened concrete properties
Unit weight: The unit weight of various concrete mixes at the age of 28 days is shown in Figure (8). It was
found that the unit weight of concrete mixes ranged from 2248 to 2514 kg/m3
, which are in the range of normal
aggregate concrete (i.e., 2500 kg/m3
) and lightweight concrete less than (2000 kg/m3
) [10].
According to figure (8), the weight of cubes used in the replacement aggregate by fibers in concrete, that can be
concluded through the following elements: The more cement content, the less weight unit of cubes without
fibers, The more glass fibers in the mix, the less weight unit of cube. Concerning to glass fibers, when cement
content increases in the mix, the weight unit will decrease. Glass fibers have the least weight unit of cubes,
because of the less of water cement ratio. Flax fibers have the highest weight unit of cubes, because of
increased of water cement ratio. Flax fibers have the highest weight for cubes, sisal is the second, wastes are the
third and glass is the last one[11].
''Fig. 8'' Unite weight
7. Performance Of Concrete Incorporatingā¦
International organization of Scientific Research 7 | P a g e
Compressive strength: The Compressive test results of concrete mixes were presented in Tables (9and10).
The Compressive strength after 28 days of mixes groups were shown in Figures (From 9 to 14). Samples were
poured and tested during the period from 7and 28 days. The results were as follows:
''Table 9'' - Compressive strength after 7 days (N/mm2
)
''Table 10'' - Compressive strength after 28 days (N/mm2
)
Mix No
COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH
N/mm2
Designation fiber glass waste fiber sisal fiber flax fiber
Control (1) M1(M-0%-300) 22.3
G1
M 2:5(M-0.5%-300) 20.98 18.05 15.71 14.16
M 6:9 (M-1%-300) 14.57 9.65 6.72 6.24
M 10:13(M-2%-300) 8.49 6.73 1.32 0.67
Control (2) M14(M-0%-350) 24.4
G2
M 15:18(M-0.5%-350) 25.81 27.26 24.83 23.05
G2 M 19:22(M-1%-350) 24.58 20.27 18.15 15.83
M23:26(M-2%-350) 22.93 15.78 2.09 1.51
Control (3) M27(M-0%-400) 27.1
G3
M28:31(M-0.5%-400) 35.19 36.11 34.93 31.99
M32:35(M-1%-400) 34.63 31.47 27.19 25.13
M 36:39(M-2%-400) 33.27 27.12 3.13 3.40
Mix No
Compressive
Strength
N/mm2
Designation fiber glass waste fiber sisal fiber Flax fiber
Control (1) M1(M-0%-300) 27.3
G1
M 2:5(M-0.5%-300) 31.26 28.71 20.43 25.15
M 6:9 (M-1%-300) 25.80 21.63 16.34 14.23
M 10:13(M-2%-300) 18.14 15.61 2.46 1.96
Control (2) M14(M-0%-350) 31.8
G2
M15:18(M-0.5%-350) 37.88 38.87 37.13 35.61
M19:22(M-1%-350) 36.27 31.79 29.29 27.47
M 23:26(M-2%-350) 35.34 26.81 3.77 2.26
Control (3) M 27(M-0%-400) 37.9
G3
M 28:31(M-0.5%-400) 47.52 46.14 46.61 42.58
M 32:35(M-1%-400) 45.77 39.57 36.38 34.28
M 36:39(M-2%-400) 42.96 37.29 4.03 3.65
8. Performance Of Concrete Incorporatingā¦
International organization of Scientific Research 8 | P a g e
From obtained results can be concocted four points: first, when cement content increases, strength increases.
Glass fibers have the highest compressive strength, textile fibers is the second, sisal is the third and flax is the
last one. Second, Flax fibers have the least compressive strength because they don't interact with concrete mix
and effect on strength negatively. Third, Sisal fibers strength is more than flax fibers because sisal fibers have
strength and hardness, so they have more homogeneity than linen fibers. Fourth, Compressive strength of
concrete without fibers is higher than that has fibers because of fibers increase air bubbles and voids [12,13].
Flexural strength: The Flexural test results of concrete mixes were presented in Table (11). The Flexural
strength after 28 days of mixes groups were shown in Figure (15). According to the test that was done after 28
days of curing samples, some results are concluded: first, When we add 0.5% fibers and cement content 350 kg
m3
, concrete that contains carpet wastes have the highest flexural strength (6.6 N/mm2
), fiber glass fibers are the
second (6.4 N/mm2
), sisal fibers are the third (5.5 N/mm2
), and flax fibers have the least flexural strength (5.4
N/mm2). Second, when we add 1% fibers and cement content 350 kg m3, concrete that contains glass fibers and
waste fiber has the highest flexural strength (5.5 N/mm2
), flax fibers are the second (4.5 N/mm2
), and sisal fibers
are the third (4.2 N/mm2
). Third, When we add 2% fibers and cement content 350 kg m3, concrete that contains
glass fibers have the highest flexural strength ( 5.3 N/mm2
), wastes fibers are the second(4.2 N/mm2
), sisal
fibers are the third (0.6 N/mm2
),and flax fibers have the least flexural strength (0.4 N/mm2
).
''Table 11 ''- Flexural strength (N/mm2
)
Mix No
Flexural strength
(N/mm2
)
Designation fiber glass waste fiber sisal fiber flax fiber
Control (2) M14(M-0%-350) 5.5
G2
M15:18(M-0.5%-350) 6.4 6.6 5.5 5.4
M19:22(M-1%-350) 5.5 5.5 4.2 4.5
M 23:26(M-2%-350) 5.3 4.2 0.6 0.4
9. Performance Of Concrete Incorporatingā¦
International organization of Scientific Research 9 | P a g e
From Obtained results can be concocted points as following: First, when compressive strength increases,
flexure strength of concrete components with fibers increases. Second, Flexure strength of glass fibers is the
highest; this means that adding fibers to the mix affects flexure strength more. Third, Fibers that don't absorb
water have more flexure strength than fibers that absorb water. Fourth, Sisal fibers are the first and carpet wastes
are the second as they similarly don't absorb water and harmonize with the concrete flexure more than the other
fibers. Fifth, Linen and sisal fibers absorb water more than others because of their nature and ability to absorb.
This enables them to keep water more than others, so their humidity is higher than other. When we poured and
untied cubes, they took a long time to be dry, this result confirms what's above mentioned.
Analyzing Flexural Test Results : It's clear that on analyzing flexural test, percentages ranges
between(14:17)% of compressive strength, this matches the rule that value of flexural test / value of
compressive test = (12:20)% of compressive strength as shown in figure (16), this matches the results of the
research concerning reference [18] and shows that the results are acceptable and follow prescriptions [14,15].
Indirect tensile strength: The tensile test results of concrete mixes were presented in Table (12). The Tensile
strength at 28 days of mixes groups were shown in Figure (17). We poured samples and tested them after 28
days, and then we had the following results: The percentage of added fibers have an influence with cement
content 350 such as: if we add 0.5% fibers and cement content 350kg/m3, tensile strength of concrete with glass
fibers will be the highest (4.21N/mm2
), concrete with wastes fibers will be the second (4.51N/mm2
), the third
will be concrete with sisal fibers (4.32N/mm2
) and concrete with flax fibers will be the least (4.11N/mm2
), on
anther hand if we add 1% fibers and cement content 350kg/m3, tensile strength of concrete with glass fibers
will be the highest (4.17N/mm2
), concrete with wastes fibers will be the second (3.71N/mm2
), the third will be
concrete with sisal fibers (3.41N/mm2
) and concrete with flax fibers will be the least (3.21N/mm2
), even if we
add 2% fibers and cement content 350kg/m3
, tensile strength of concrete with glass fibers will be the highest
(4.11N/mm2
), concrete with wastes fibers will be the second (3.00N/mm2
), the third will be concrete with sisal
fibers (0.45N/mm2
) and concrete with flax fibers will be the least (0.25N/mm2
).
''Table 12'' - Indirect tensile strength (N/mm2
)
Mix No
Indirect tensile
strength
(N/mm2
)
Designation fiber glass waste fiber sisal fiber flax fiber
Control (2) M14(M-0%-350) 3.82
G2
M15:18(M-0.5%-350) 4.21 4.51 4.32 4.11
M19:22(M-1%-350) 4.17 3.71 3.41 3.21
M 23:26(M-2%-350) 4.11 3.00 0.45 0.25
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There are some points concluded from the previous results such as: First, when we add fibers in tensile test,
we see that indirect tensile strength of concrete with fibers is less than the indirect tensile strength of sample
without fibers, Second, Tensile strength of concrete with glass fibers is the highest, Tensile strength of concrete
with wastes fibers is the next, Tensile strength of concrete with flax fibers is the third and Tensile strength of
concrete with sisal fibers is the least. Third, Tensile strength of glass fibers is the highest. Fourth, Tensile
strength of concrete with flax fibers is the highest; this matches the tests done by Alexandria Fund for
Supporting Textiles and which proved that flax fibers have the highest tensile strength and cutting force. Fifth,
Sisal fibers have the least tensile strength and cutting force, this matches the tests done by Alexandria Fund for
Supporting Textiles. Sixth, Sisal fibers have the least tensile strength and glass fibers have the highest tensile
strength. Seventh, Cutting force of wastes fibers is more than sisal cutting force, Eighth, Tensile strength of
wastes is higher than sisal tensile strength. Ninth, Flax fibers are one of the best agricultural fibers, so linen
factories in Almahala depend on flax only, they process and sort bristles, determine each fiber quality and export
it abroad to make bags for keeping food as flax doesn't interact with food. Tenth, Glass fibers are the best fibers
used in concrete, characteristics of poured concrete and tests show this clearly[16].
Analyzing test results of Indirect Tensile Strength : On analyzing test results, found that most samples are
between (11:12) % of compression, Tensile Strength for fiber represents 85% of indirect tensile strength,
direct tensile strength ranges from (7:14) %, representing, with the average 10% from compressive strength,
indirect tensile strength is 15% more than direct tensile strength, this equals (8.05:16.1) %, with the average
12% from compressive strength as shown in figure (18), this matches reference [17,18] and shows that results
are acceptable and follow prescriptions.
V. CONCLUSIONS
For protecting environment and good utilizing of wastes and improve concrete properties. A
destructive test were carried on concrete specimen mixed with these waste (sisal, flax, glass fiber and Carpet
wastes fiber) with variant ratios, the results of tests can be brief in the following points:
[1] Concrete mixes with glass fibers need more water mix and plasticizers.
[2] Concrete mixes with fibers need a long time curing and take much time as fibers added to concrete mixes absorb water a lot .
[3] Compressive strength increased for all mixes containing 0.5 % fibers where as degradation begins for mixes contains more than 1%
fiber.
[4] Adding glass fibers to concrete mixes increase compressive strength by about (10 to 90%) than sisal, Flax and wastes fibers.
[5] Mixes contains Flax fibers are the heaviest, followed by waste carpet, Followed by sisal and finally flax.
[6] Adding wastes carpet and glass fibers to the concrete mixes increase flexure strength by about (16%, 20%) respectively for adding
0.5% fiber, secondly: adding 1% fiber was as same as control mix, and finally: flexural strength was reduced by about (4%, 24%)
for adding 2% fiber.
[7] Adding 0.5% fibers to concrete increases indirect tensile strength by abut (8%-18%)
[8] Concrete containing glass and waste carpet fibers exhibited good mechanical properties than sisal and flax fibers as they are solid
and don't absorb water .
[9] It is recommended that, adding 0.5% of fibers is the best ratio. Adding more, decrease the results of mechanical properties
[10] It is recommended that, the priority for fibers to be added to concrete were glass, carpet waste, sisal and flax respectively.
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International organization of Scientific Research 11 | P a g e
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