Properties of no-cement binder containing slag, fly ash, rice husk ash and coconut fiber with chemical activator

1. Properties of no-cement binder containing slag, fly ash,
rice husk ash and coconut fiber with chemical activator
CICM 2015
First International Conference on
Advances in Civil Infrastructure and Construction Materials
MIST, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 14–15 December 2015
Md. Shafi Ullah
Graduate, Department of Civil Engineering
Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology (DUET), Gazipur, Bangladesh
Monjurul Hasan
Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering
Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology (DUET), Gazipur, Bangladesh
Dr. Md. Rezaul Karim
Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering
Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology (DUET), Gazipur, Bangladesh

2. Contents
 Introduction
 Review of Literature
 Objectives of the study
 Materials and Methodology
 Test result and Discussion
 Conclusion
 Recommendation

3. Introduction
• Concrete is responsible for up to 5% CO2 of the world's
total amount of carbon emissions (Stephanie, 2008)
• Cement production is extremely energy intensive, which
making as the third producer of CO2 emissions.
• Production of cement is increasing by approx. 5% in a
year.
• 300 million tons of CO2 could be reduced by replacing
only 18.5% of cement with slag or fly ash (FA) per year
globally (Bremner 2001).

4. • Slag is a by-product or waste from steel mills
• FA is produced from coal operated power plants
• Rice husk ash (RHA) generates from the rice processing
industries.
• All of these waste materials contain a high percentage of silicon
dioxide in amorphous and/or crystalline form (Chindaprasirt et al.
2007, 2008; Zain et al. 2011).
• Coconut fibers are dumped as agricultural waste has certain
physical and mechanical characteristics that can be utilized
effectively in the development of reinforced concrete material.
Introduction

5. Review of Literatures
Materials Ratio
W/B
Ratio
Coconut
Fiber(%)
Compressive
Strength at
28 day (MPa)
Reference
FA:OPC 20:80 0.5 0.0 60.5
Chindaprasirt
2009a
RHA:OPC
20:80
0.53 0.0 29.5
Ganesan et
al. 2008
FA:OPC
20:80
0.5 0.0 60.5
Chindaprasirt
2009a
Cement:
sand:
aggregates
1:1.6:3.6 0.53 2 24.3
Baruah and
Talukdar
(2007)]
Slag:FA:RHA 55:25:20 0.5-0.6 0 32.2 Karim, 2013

6. Objectives of the study
The main goal of this study is to investigate different properties
of a alkali activated binder containing slag, FA, RHA with
coconut fibers.
• To determine the flexural, tensile and compressive strength
of the alkali activated binder with coconut fibers.
• To study the new binder as an alternative light weight
material.
• To Provide safeguard to the environment by utilizing above
mention waste.

7. Materials
Slag
FIGURE :- Photograph of the slag as obtained from industry

8. Fly Ash
FIGURE :-Photograph of the FA as received from industry
Materials

9. Rice Husk Ash
FIGURE :-Photograph of the rice husk ash
Materials

10. NaOH
FIGURE :- Photograph of chemical activators: NaOH
Materials

11. Materials
FIGURE :- Photograph of Coconut fibers
Coconut fiber

12. • Three different percentage of coconut fibers (1 % ,1.5 % and 2.0 %)
were used as reinforcement.
• Three different percentage of NaOH (5 %,10 % and 15 %) were used
as activator.
• Three different ages of mortar 14, 28, and 90 days strength were
studied.
• 50% sylhet sand and 50% local sand were used as fine aggregate
Methodology

13. Table 1: Mix proportion of raw materials ( by weight)
Mix no
W/B
Ratio
Sand/
Binder
Slag
(%)
F A
(%)
RHA
(%)
Coconut
fiber (%)
NaOH
(%)
Mix-1(a) 0.50 3.0 50 35 15 0 5%
Mix-1(b) 0.50 3.0 50 35 15 0 10%
Mix-1(c) 0.50 3.0 50 35 15 0 15%
Mix-2 0.50 3.0 50 35 14 1 10%
Mix-3 0.50 3.0 50 35 13.5 1.5 10%
Mix-4 0.50 3.0 50 35 13 2 10%
Methodology

14. Determination of physical properties of materials
 Fineness
 Specific Gravity
Methodology

15. •Tensile Strength (using Briquette mould)
• Flexural Strength
• Compressive Strength
The following tests were conducted on the respective
specimens
Methodology
Standard prism size
40 X 40 X 160 mm
were used.

16. Test Result and Discussion
Table 2: Physical properties of the materials
Name of materials Specific gravity
Fineness
(% Passing # 200 sieve)
Slag 2.75 100
FA 2.38 99.9
Ground RHA 1.98 100
OPC 3.14 100
Coconut fiber 1.18 ---

17. Test Result and Discussion
Mix
Unit weight of
Mortar(kg/m3)
Mix
Unit weight of
Mortar( kg/m3)
Mix-1(a) 1841 Mix-2 1785
Mix-1(b) 1860 Mix-3 1780
Mix-1(c) 1808 Mix-4 1775
OPC Mortar 2200
Table 3: Unit weight of the mortar specimens

18. Test Result and Discussion
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 20 40 60 80 100
Compressivestrength(MPa)
Days
15%NaOH 5%NaOH 10% NaOH
FIGURE 1: Compressive strength of mortar as influenced by amount
of activator

19. 4.1
4.8
5.45.2
7.5
8.6
5.1
7.1
8.2
8.7 8.8
10.6
8.7
9.7
12.5
6.9 7.1
10.4
14 Days 28 Days 90 Days
Age of the specimen
MIX-1(A) MIX-1(B) MIX-1(C)
MIX-2 MIX-3 MIX-4
CompressiveStrength(MPa)
FIGURE 2: Compressive strength of NCB mortars specimens at different ages
Test Result and Discussion

20. Test Result and Discussion
FIGURE 3: Compressive strength of mortar as influenced by percentage
of Coconut fiber.
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Compessivestrength(MPa)
% Of Coconut fiber
14 Days 28 Days 90 Days

21. 1.7 1.7 1.8
2.4 2.5 2.6
2.9 2.9 2.9
2.4
2.6 2.7
2.3
2.6
2.9
2.1 2.2 2.3
14 Days 28 Days 90 Days
Mix-1(a) Mix-1(b) Mix-1(c)
Mix-2 Mix-3 Mix-4
Test Result and Discussion
FIGURE 4: Flexural strength of NCB mortars specimens at different ages

22. 0.3
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.6 0.6
0.5
0.6 0.60.6
0.7 0.70.7 0.7 0.7
0.6
0.7 0.7
14 Days 28 Days 90 Days
Age of the specimen
Mix-1(a) Mix-1(b) Mix-1(c)
Mix-2 Mix-3 Mix-4
Test Result and analysis
FIGURE 5: Tensile strength of NCB mortars specimens at different ages

23. Conclusion
• Specific gravity of no-cement binder (NCB) with coconut fiber
composite mortars (Slag, FA, RHA and Coconut fibers) is lower
than conventional OPC mortar.
• Unit weight of NCB mortar is near about 1800 kg/m3 and for OPC
mortar this value is 2200 kg/m3 . Therefore, it can be concluded
that the use of coconut fiber with NCB has great potential in the
production of lightweight mortar/concrete
• Materials should be processed properly maintaining high fineness
Otherwise more chemical activator (minimum 10% activator by
weight of binder) must be used.

24. • Addition of 1.5% coconut fiber with NCB achieved best compressive
and flexural strength of 12.5MPa and 2.9 MPa respectively after 90
days curing period.
• Improvement on compressive and flexural strength about 44.7 %
and 11.7% respectively in comparison with NCB without coconut
fiber.
• The tensile strength of NCB was found to be 0.8 Mpa at 90 days
(improved by 22.41%).
• Therefore, 1.5 % can be declared as optimum coconut fiber content
to achieve highest strength.
Conclusion

25. Thank You