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Chapter 4
Section 1


            
Simple
  Organic
Compounds
Did you know that
the Earth’s crust is
    less than 1%
carbon, but...ALL
  living things on
Earth are made of
carbon-containing
    compounds.
Carbon can bond
    easily and
therefore, forms
many compounds.
An element that
often bonds with
    carbon is
    Hydrogen.
Organic Compounds?




        5
many compounds that contain carbon




                6
Most living things contain carbon.




                7
Where is the carbon??
Hydrocarbons?




      9
A compound
   containing only
hydrogen and carbon.
    The simplest
   hydrocarbon is
   methane.


  10
If you remove one hydrogen from a
methane molecule, the result will be a
          methyl group, -CH3.




                  12
The methyl group
 can form a single
bond with another
methyl group, which
     makes.....




14
....Ethane
Saturated Hydrocarbons?




           16
A hydrocarbon molecule
 in which all the bonds
    are single bonds.




    17
But what are the
 saturated with?




 18
But what are the
     saturated with?
       Hydrogen!!
 The carbon atoms are
saturated with hydrogen.




     19
Saturated Hydrocarbons
Notice that the ending of each
       name are -ane.

   Another name for these
   hydrocarbons are called
         alkanes.
22
•These short hydrocarbon chains have low
boiling points, so they evaporate and burn
easily.




                     22
•These short hydrocarbon chains have low
boiling points, so they evaporate and burn
easily.
•That makes them a good fuel for your
stove furnaces, grills, or lanterns.




                     22
•These short hydrocarbon chains have low
boiling points, so they evaporate and burn
easily.
•That makes them a good fuel for your
stove furnaces, grills, or lanterns.
•Longer hydrocarbons are found in oils and
waxes.




                    22
•These short hydrocarbon chains have low
boiling points, so they evaporate and burn
easily.
•That makes them a good fuel for your
stove furnaces, grills, or lanterns.
•Longer hydrocarbons are found in oils and
waxes.
•Carbon can form chains of 100s or 1000s
of carbon atoms. WOW!


                    22
•These short hydrocarbon chains have low
boiling points, so they evaporate and burn
easily.
•That makes them a good fuel for your
stove furnaces, grills, or lanterns.
•Longer hydrocarbons are found in oils and
waxes.
•Carbon can form chains of 100s or 1000s
of carbon atoms. WOW!
•These long chains make up many of the
plastics that you use.
                    22
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons?




            23
Hydrocarbons that contain
 double or triple bonds.

   The carbon are not
saturated with hydrogens.




      24
In a double bond, two pairs
  of electrons are shared
between two atoms, and in
  a triple bond, 3 pairs of
    electrons are shared.




      25
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons?




Ethene is the simplest hydrocarbon.
Notice that the endings are -ene. These
unsaturated hydrocarbons are also called
               alkenes.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons can also
        have triple bonds.




  Ethyne is used for welding because it
     produces high heat as it burns.
The unsaturated hydrocarbons are called
               alkynes.
Isomers?




   29
Compounds that have the molecular
formula but different arrangements are
            called isomers.




                  30
The atoms in an organic compounds can
have different arrangements but still have
      the same molecular formula.




                    31
Hydrocarbon Isomers
Hydrocarbon in Rings




 Notice the prefix cyclo-.
Hydrocarbon in Rings
Turn to Page 101


       35
Fin
      ish
         ed

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Simple Organic Compounds

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