This powerpoint presentations explains in detail the relationship between types of sentences, fragments and run ons, conjunctions, and signal phrases as transitions.

1. Simple, Compound and Complex
Sentences
Fragments and Run ons
Conjunctions and Signal Phrases
By Mayada Zaki

2. There are three main types of
sentences.
Simple:
The girl likes apples.
Compound:
In the evening, I read a book and watch
TV.
Complex:
Although the manager was sick, he
went to work.

3. Simple sentence
I read the newspaper everyday.
A simple sentence has only one verb.
It is a main/ independent clause.
It stands alone forming a complete
meaning.

4. Compound sentence
It is formed of two main clauses linked
with a Co-ordinator.
 Every weekend, I play tennis and read
a book.
I play tennis. (Main clause 1)
and
I read a book.(Main clause 2)

5. Coordinators
 A coordinator is used to link two main
clauses (equal in power and each can
stand alone).
 The two clauses are Coworking
equally.
Coordinators in English
For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So
(FANBOYS)

6. Complex sentences
Although the manager was sick,he came to
work.
1. Although the manager was sick,
(Subordinate clause).
2. He came to work (Main clause)
The sub-clause is like a baby. It cannot stand
alone.
Although he was sick, ------
(Fragment: incomplete sentence )

7. Subordinating Conjunctions
 Subordinators are used before a clause
to make it a sub (baby) clause.
Time: when, whenever, while, as, since,
after,
before, until, as soon as, once.
Place: where, wherever
Reason: because, as, since
Condition: if, unless, whether, provided
that, supposing, as long as,
Concession: although, though, even
though, even if

8. Exercise
 Use the subordinators between brackets to change each two
simple sentences into a complex sentence.
1. I am looking forward to having a few days with
myself. The rest of the family are going away.
(While)
2. People should sometimes stop to think. People
speak their minds. (Before)
3. He was posting the letter. He realized he hadn’t
put a stamp on the envelope. (as)

9. Adverbials or Transitions
How can I use
‘however, furthermore, moreover, nevertheless’?
Those words do NOT have a grammatical function. They are not used to join
sentences, like coordinators (forming compound sentences) and subordinators
(forming complex sentences).
They only help link ideas. Transitions only affect meaning rather than sentence
structure.
Example
He didn’t have a lot of money. Therefore, his wife decided to
take a job.
He didn’t have a lot of money; therefore, his wife decided to take
a job.

10. Adverbials vs Subordinators
 Although he tried very hard, he
couldn’t open the door. (Complex with
subordinator) √
 However he tried very hard, he
couldn’t open the door. X
 he tried very hard; however, he
couldn’t open the door. √

11. Punctuation Exercises
 Punctuate the following sentences:
1. He runs
2. The boy is playing football
3. Before going to work I usually take a
shower
4. I liked the movie but had to leave
early