1. Networks, Network operating
systems
PPT 8.2.1

2. Networking - Basics
 Network defined
 The difference between Standalone
and networked Systems
 Advantages of networking
 Disadvantages of networking
 Why use network
 To share information
 To Share hardware and software
 Centralizing administration
PPT 8.2.2

3. Types of networks
 Classification based on
geographical area
 LAN
 WAN
PPT 8.2.3

4. Local Area Networks
 Limited geographic area
 High speed and error free data
transmission
 Not expensive
PPT 8.2.4

5. Wide Area Networks
 Connects computers over
states, countries etc.,
 Unlimited geographical
coverage
 More sophisticated
 Connects LANs and MANs
 Expensive technology
PPT 8.2.5

6. Network configuration
 Classification based on how
computers behave in a network
 Two classifications are
 Peer-to-Peer network
 Server based network
PPT 8.2.6

7. Peer-to-Peer network
 Nodes provide and request
services
 User in each node administers
resources
 No extra investment
 Easy to setup
 Very weak security
 Additional load on nodes
PPT 8.2.7

8. Server based network
 Designated computer to
administer
 Resources centralized
 Supports larger networks
 Strong security
 Expensive
PPT 8.2.8

9. Network hardware
 Hub
 Cables
 Connectors
 Switches
 Routers
PPT 8.2.9

10. Hub
 Standard component in
network
 Types
 Active, Passive
 Manageable
 Easier administration
 Centralized monitoring of
network
PPT 8.2.10

11. Cables
 Wires the LAN, usually
 Transmit signals through network
 Different cable considerations
according to need
 Types
 Co-axial
 Twisted Pair
 Fiber-optic
PPT 8.2.11

12. Co-axial cable
 Most trusted in
earlier networks
 Carries data as
electromagnetic
signals
 Good resistance
against
interference
PPT 8.2.12

13. Twisted pair
 Pair of insulated
copper wires
 Types
 Shielded(STP)
 Unshielded(UTP)
 UTP common in LAN
 Max. cable length –
100 meters
PPT 8.2.13

14. Fiber optic cables
 Core – cylinder of glass
 Not subject to
interference
 Transfer rate – more
than 100 mbps
 Expensive
PPT 8.2.14

15. Connectors for UTP
 RJ – 11 and RJ –
45
 RJ11 in telephone
cables – 4 cable
connections
 RJ45 in LAN cables
– 8 cable
connections
PPT 8.2.15

16. Network adapter card
 Prepares data from
computer for
network and sends
 Receives data from
network and
translates for
computer
PPT 8.2.16

17. Using IP address
 Two methods
 Static addressing
 Using DHCP
 Two components
 Network ID
 Host ID
 3 classes
 Class A networks
 Class B networks
 Class C networks
PPT 8.2.17

18. Network troubleshooting
 In case of problems
 Check Physical connection first
 Check power supply in the hub
 Check sample packet transfer
 Check configuration
PPT 8.2.18

19. Network operating systems
 Co-ordinates hardware and
software
 Ties together all computers
and peripherals
 Provides security by controlling
access to resources and
peripherals shared
 Manages users
PPT 8.2.19

20. Network operating systems
available
 Windows NT
 Windows 2000 & Windows
Server 2003
 Netware from Novell
 Unix
 Apple Macintosh
PPT 8.2.20

21. Shares
 Sharing allows access to resources
over network
 Folders and devices are directly
shared; not files or programs
 Permissions for access can be
assigned to users and groups
 Level of permission can be varied
PPT 8.2.21

22. User accounts
Local User Accounts
Local User Accounts

 Enable users to log on and access resources on a
Enable users to log on and access resources on a
specific computer
specific computer
Domain User Accounts
Domain User Accounts
 Enable users to log on to the domain to gain access to
 Enable users to log on to the domain to gain access to
network resources
network resources
 Reside in Active Directory
 Reside in Active Directory
Built-in User Accounts
Built-in User Accounts

 Enable users to perform administrative tasks or gain
Enable users to perform administrative tasks or gain
temporary access to network resources
temporary access to network resources
 Reside in SAM (local built-in user accounts)
 Reside in SAM (local built-in user accounts)
 Reside in Active Directory (domain built-in user accounts)
 Reside in Active Directory (domain built-in user accounts)
PPT 8.2.22

23. User Access issues
 Domain Logon
 Access verification
 Grant/deny access
PPT 8.2.23

24. Password Security
 Do not allow blank passwords
 Assign a Password for the Administrator
Account
 Determine Who Has Control over
Passwords
 Educate Users on How to Use Passwords
 Avoid obvious associations, such as a family name
 Use long passwords
 Use a combination of uppercase and lowercase
characters
PPT 8.2.24

25. Installing network printer
 Involves
 Installing the printer
 Configuring
 Sharing
 Administering
PPT 8.2.25

26. This completes the unit
Thank you