Presentation "Street Cleaning"

1. StreSettrCeleeatning
Cleaning
By: Lucía Antón
de Vega
1ºBach. A

2. Introduction
A street sweeper or street cleaner may refer to either a person's
occupation, or a machine that cleans streets,usually in an
urban area.
Street sweepers have been employed in cities since sanitation
and waste removal became a priority. A street-sweeping
person would use a broom and shovel to clean off litter,
animal waste and filth that accumulated on streets. Later,
water hoses were used to wash the streets.
Machines were created in the 19th century to do the job more
efficiently. Today, modern street sweepers are mounted on
truck bodies and can vacuum debris that accumulates in
streets.

3. History
Mechanical sweepers in the United Kingdom
By the 1840s, Manchester (England) had become known as the
first industrial city. Manchester was home to the first passenger
rail service in the world and had one of the largest textile
industries of that time. As a result, the robust metropolitan, was
said to be England’s wealthiest place to live. In response to
this unsanitary environment, Joseph Whitworth invented the
mechanical street sweeper. The street sweeper was designed
with the primary objective to remove trash from streets in order
to maintain aesthetic goals and safety.
Mechanical street sweeper by Joseph Whitworth.

4. Mechanical sweepers in the United States
The very first street sweeping machine was patented in 1849 by its
inventor, C.S. Bishop. For a long time, street sweepers were just
rotating disks covered with wire bristles. These rotating disks served
as mechanical brooms that swept the dirt on the streets.
John M. Murphy, in the fall of 1911. He had a plan of a motor driven
pickup street sweeper. The American Tower and Tank Company
had been formed in 1903 by Charles A. Whiting and James Todd.
They decided to hire Mr. Murphy and begin the development of
his idea. That started what has become the Elgin Sweeper
Company.
After two years of trial, development, experimentation, and
research, there was achieved the sweeper that Murphy was
satisfied performed all of the sweeping functions in the manner he
had envisioned. Whiting were willing to risk a reputation gained
from 30 years manufacturing experience.
In the fall of 1913, the City of Boise (Idaho) purchased the first Elgin
Sweeper, following a demonstration. Boise Street Commissioner,
Thomas Finnegan, made a comparison showing a savings of
$2,716.77 from the Elgin motorized sweeper when used rather than
a horse-drawn sweeper.
Following its introduction and initial sales, John M. Murphy continued
the perfection of his sweeper. In 1917, US patents were filed and
issues for J. M. Murphy, Street Sweeping machine #1,239,293.

5. Technological advancement
The goal of simple debris removal did not change until the 1970s,
when policymakers began to reflect concern for water
quality. In the United States, older street sweepers were only
effective in removing large particles of road debris, small
particles of debris remained behind in large quantities. The
remaining debris was not seen as an aesthetic issue because
rain would wash them away. Today, small particles are known
to carry a substantial portion of the storm water pollutant load.
Street sweeping can be an effective measure in reducing
pollutants in storm water runoff. The Environmental Protection
Agency considers street sweeping a Best Management
Practice in protecting water quality.

6. Modern sweepers
Newer street sweepers are capable of collecting small particles
of debris. Many street sweepers are capable of collecting and
holding particulate matter sized less than 10μm. Despite
advancements in street sweeping technology, the
mechanical broom type street sweeper accounts for
approximately 90% of all street sweepers used in the United
States today.
Modern street sweepers are equipped with water tanks and
sprayers used to loosen particles and reduce dust. The brooms
gather debris into a main collection area from which it is
vacuumed and pumped into a collection bin or hopper.

7. A regenerative air street sweeper uses forced air to create a
swirling effect inside a contained sweeping head and then
uses the negative pressure on the suction side to place the
road debris inside a hopper. Debris is removed from the air by
centrifugal separation and reused, keeping particulate matter
inside the hopper.
However a modern regenerative air street sweeper faces the
challenge of noise level due to the fact that regenerative air
street sweeper requires an extra engine to power the vacuum
pump required to create the negative pressure for placing
debris into a hopper.
Modern machines can cost $US300,000 each and a large city
can remove upwards of 18,000 tons of materials annually via its
fleet of sweepers.

9. Modern sweepers in Asia
Sweeper manufacturers in the Asia region have also developed
less sophisticated mechanical and regenerative air sweepers
which differ in design to the American and European
sweepers. China and Taiwan have both adapted the
mechanical sweeper design of using two main brooms
mounted vertically at the back of the hopper to carry debris
into hopper. This design is less complicated and more cost
effective than the mechanical belt and broom setup.

10. Street cleaning in the future
The latest innovation are streets that clean themselves.
This is a novelty in South Korea.
The roads have water outlets strategically
placed to reach more areas. On one
hand it saves on staff who are dedicated
to the maintenance, care and cleaning
of the streets. It also saves on products
used, but is an expense for the
maintenance of the apparatus itself.
And at a time when the crisis strikes hard
and need to create jobs, this does
nothing but destroy it.

11. Street cleaning around the world
The cleaning of streets and car parks are not compatible, so in
some cities like San Francisco, London or New York have been
established timetable cleanings (available for all residents in
apps or web) where indicated when and where you can park
your car.

12. Street cleaning in Vienna
Vienna is one of the cleanest cities in the world. This success is
enabled by sophisticated logistics and flexible working hours.
The staff of the street cleaning division is active on Vienna’s
streets throughout the year shovelling snow in winter, ensuring
thorough spring cleaning, removing weeds in summer and
sweeping leaves in autumn. The street network they are
responsible for has a length of nearly 2,800 kilometres, which
means that personnel deployment must be planned precisely
while also optimising the combination of manual and
mechanical work.

13. Videos
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JHpekrozbPI&hd=1
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLRkwkCOxCE&hd=1

14. Extra links
• https://www.wien.gv.at/umwelt/ma48/service/publikationen/
pdf/strassenreinigung-en.pdf
• http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/services/transport-and-streets/
clean-streets/Pages/default.aspx
• http://www.sanfranciscostreetcleaning.com/
• http://orchardst.com/parking/chatter.html