FOR JNTUK R13 SYLLABUS TRAFFIC ENGINEERING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDENTS

1. TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES &
HIGHWAY SAFTEY

2. TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES
 The devices which regulates the traffic flow in a
particular stretch or Lane are called Control
devices.. i.e
 Traffic signs
 Traffic Markings

3. A traffic sign is defined as a device mounted on a
fixed or portable support whereby a specific
message is conveyed by means of words or
symbols.
The sign is placed or erected for the purpose of
regulating, warning, or guiding vehicular,
pedestrian, or bicycle traffic.

5.  Purpose:
The purpose of traffic control devices, as well as
the principles for their use, is to promote highway
safety and efficiency by providing for the orderly
movement of all road users on streets and
highways throughout the Nation.

6.  Function of signs:
Signs shall be defined by their function as follows:
A. Regulatory signs give notice of traffic laws or
regulations.
B. Warning signs give notice of a situation that might
not be readily apparent.
C. Guide signs show route designations, destinations,
directions, distances, services, points of interest,
and other geographical, recreational, or cultural
information.

7.  Sign Limitations:
 Easily damaged due to impact of
vandalism
 Visual quality degrade over time due to
dirt and normal reflectivity deterioration
 Require continuous maintenance

8.  Principles of traffic signs and markings:
Traffic signs and markings are most effective when
they satisfy five basic requirements:
 Fulfill a need .
 Convey a clear, simple meaning;
 Command respect from road users; and
 Give adequate time for proper response.

9.  Changeable Message Signs
Changeable message signs are traffic
control devices designed to display variable
messages.
Changeable message signs should not be
used to display information other than
regulatory, warning, and guidance
information related to traffic control.

10. 1. Design
Shape, color, Size, composition, lighting or retro-
reflection should command attention and convey
a simple meaning.
The sign should have:
A. High visibility by day and night; and
B. High legibility (adequately sized letters or symbols,
and a short legend for quick comprehension by a
road user approaching a sign).

11. SHAPES
 Particular shapes, as shown in the Table
below, shall be used exclusively for specific signs or
series of signs.

13. COLOR CODE

15. TYPES
 Danger signs
 Priority signs
 Prohibitory signs
 Mandatory signs
 Information signs
 Direction signs
 Miscellaneous

16. GENERAL CAUTION AND CONGESTION :
GENERAL WARNING SIGNS ARE USED IN INSTANCES IN WHICH THE
PARTICULAR HAZARD, OBSTACLE OR CONDITION IS NOT COVERED BY
A STANDARD SIGN

33. PRIORITY SIGNS
 Indicate the order in which vehicles should pass
intersection points

37. PROHIBITORY SIGNS ; TRAFFIC SIGNS ARE USED TO
PROHIBIT CERTAIN TYPES OF MANEUVERS

44. MANDATORY SIGNS ;.
 Mandatory signs Are road signs which are used to
set the obligations of all traffic which use a specific
area of road

49. INFORMATION SIGNS ; THOSE INDICATES A
SPECIFIC FACILITY BY WHICH MANY CAN FIND
USEFUL,

53. DIRECTION SIGNS
 These the signs which are used to trespass only
the particular lane
 That may be stop or go

59. PAVMENT MARKINGS
 Definition:
Traffic markings are all lines, patterns, symbols,
words, colors, or other devices, except signs and
power-operated traffic control devices, set into the
surface of, applied upon, or attached to the
pavement or curbing and placed for the purpose of
regulating, warning, or guiding traffic.

60.  Marking functions:
Markings may supplement other traffic control
devices or they may be used alone to convey
information that would be difficult to convey using
other devices.
They are specifically used to:

61. A. Display regulations (no passing zones, curb parking
restrictions)
B. (STOP lines, symbol arrows
C. Guide traffic (lane lines, rout number)

62.  Marking Limitations
Markings have several important limitations.
 May be hidden by:
other vehicles directly over the
markings or
by snow, or
by dirt.

63.  Marking Limitations (continued)
 May be worn by sand or gravel.
 May not be visible when wet.
 They wear due to traffic and the environment and must
be maintained or replaced.
 Removal of markings from the pavement is a difficult
task.

64.  Marking Design:
Materials
 All markings that apply at night must be reflectorized.
 Paint, thermoplastic and cold plastic are used for
markings
 Materials must provide the color and reflectivity
throughout their useful life.

65.  Color
 White
 Yellow
 Red and
 Blue
 Longitudinal Markings (parallel to the roadway)
 Broken lines permissive
 Dotted lines path guidance
 Solid lines restrictive
 Double lines maximum restriction

66.  ADVANTAGES
Under most highway conditions, markings provide
important information while allowing minimal
diversion of attention from the roadway.

67. WHITE LINES
 indicate traffic traveling in same direction.

68.  Mark Side of Road : Between ROAD AND
SHOULDER

69. YELLOW LINES
 mark the center of a two-way road used for TWO
WAY TRAFFIC In opposite direction

70. BROKEN VS SOLID LINE :
B : PASSING IS ALLOWED
S : PASSING IS NOT ALLOWED (OVER TAKING)

71. BOTH CENTER LINES BROKEN
 Passing Allowed on both sides

73.  1. A motorist should know
 the proper lane for normal driving and how to change
lanes (KEEP TO THE RIGHT except when passing)
 Rules for passing: Depend on the road
 Car should stay to the right of the roadways center line
 Passing is only safe when there is no oncoming traffic
 Passing Must be completed before center lines are solid
again

74.  Two solid yellow lines means no passing
 Never drive left to the lines

75. ACCIDENT
 An unplanned event
 An unplanned event involving injury
 Why ?
 Accidents are occur a series of unrelated events
coincide at certain time and space

76. ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
 A systematic approach to the identification of causal
factors and implementation of corrective actions
without placing blame on or finding personal fault.
 The information collected during an investigation is
essential to determine trends and taking
appropriate steps to prevent future accidents.

77. ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION (RECORDING&
ANALYSIS)
 The primary purpose of accident investigations is to
improve health and safety performance .
 Exploring the reasons for the event and identifying
both the immediate and underlying causes
 Identifying remedies to improve the health and
safety management system by improving risk
control, preventing a recurrence and reducing
financial losses.

78. WHAT TO INVESTIGATE?
 About the type of accident
 Loss of life
 Property damage

79. STAGES IN ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
 Deal with risk
 Select the level of investigation
 Record and analyze the result
 Review
 Remedies
 Rapport preparation

80. DEALING WITH IMMEDIATE RISK
 Make the situation safe and prevent further injury.
 Help, treat and if necessary rescue injured persons.
 An effective response can only be made if it has
been planned for in advance.

81. SELECT THE LEVEL OF INVESTIGATION
 The way things were and how they came to be.
What happened – the sequence of events that led
to the outcome.
 Why things happened as they did analyzing both
the immediate and underlying causes.
 What needs to be done to avoid a repetition and
how this can be achieved.
 Assigning the responsibility for the investigation of
more significant events to more senior managers.

82. RECORDING
 interviewing the person(s) involved and witnesses to the
accident is of prime importance, ideally in familiar
surroundings so as not to make the person
uncomfortable.
 The interview style is important with emphasis on
prevention rather than blame.
 The person(s) should give an account of what happened
in their terms rather than the investigators.
 Interviews should be separate to stop people from
influencing each other.
 Questions when asked should not be intimidating as the
investigator will be seen as aggressive and reflecting a
blame culture.

83. REMEDIES
 Creating Hump or bump near school zones
 Erecting VUP AND PUP @ country area
 Establishing traffic signal at cross roads
 Put a traffic men at congested areas
 Stop animal roaming on the major frequency Route
 Reduce beverage consumption
 Creating awareness camps at congested areas

84. RAPPORT
 Rapport should be written
 Should be in proper format form (12,16 18)
 Take the details of interviewer for further
correspondence

86.  THANK YOU