OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) is a solid state device that creates light through thin films made of organic plastics and polymers rather than metals. It was first developed in the 1950s and commercialized in the late 1980s. An OLED has several layers including an emissive layer that produces light when electric current is applied, as electrons combine with holes. OLEDs can be either active or passive, with active using TFT backplanes and suitable for large screens while passive intersect perpendicularly and are best for small screens. OLEDs offer advantages like flexibility, thinness, wide viewing angles and low energy use, but also have challenges including short blue light lifespan and higher production costs compared to

1. O.L.E.DO.L.E.D
(Organic(Organic LightLight Emitting Diode)Emitting Diode)
Presented by:Presented by:
VAISHNAVI.LVAISHNAVI.L
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2. What is an OLED ?What is an OLED ?
OLED - Organic Light Emitting
Diode
OLED’s are the solid state
devices composed of thin
films,that create light
with the application of
electricity.Instead of
being made out of semi
conducting metals,OLED’s
are made from
polymers,plastics,etc.

3. HISTORYHISTORY
• It was first developed in the early 1950s in
France by applying a high-voltage alternating current
field to crystalline thin films.
• In 1987,Chin Tang and Van Slyke introduced the first
light emitting diodes from thin organic layers.
• In1990,electroluminescence in polymers was
discovered.
Kodak LS633 EasyShare with
OLED display

4. • Electroluminescence (EL) is an optical
phenomenon and electrical phenomenon in
which a material emits light in response to
an electric current passed through it, or to a
strong electric field.
PRINCIPLE OF AN OLED

5. ARCHITECTURE OF AN OLEDARCHITECTURE OF AN OLED
• EMISSIVE LAYER – This is also made up of
Organic plastic molecules.It transports
electrons from cathode.Usually,used polymer
in this layer is Polyflourine.
• CATHODE – It injects electrons when the
current flows through the device.Using inkjet
technology,OLED’s are sprayed on to
substrates just like inks are sprayed onto
paper during printing which greatly reduces
the cost of OLED manufacturing.
• SUBSTRATE – It supports OLED.
• ANODE – This electrode is transparent.It
removes electrons from when the current
flows through the device.
• CONDUCTIVE LAYER – It transports holes from anode and is made up of organi
Plastic molecules.

6. HOW DOES AN OLED EMITT LIGHT?HOW DOES AN OLED EMITT LIGHT?
1. Voltage applied across
Cathode and Anode
1. Typically 2V-10V
2. Current flows from cathode
to anode
1. Electrons flow to emissive
layer
2. Electrons removed from
conductive layer leaving
holes
3. Holes jump into emissive
layer
3. Electron and hole combine
and light emitted

7. 1) Active OLEDs :
• Full layers of cathode and
anode.
• Anode over lays a thin film
transistor (TFT).
• Requires less power.
• Higher refresh rates.
• Suitable for large screens
TYPES OF OLED’s

8. TYPES OF OLED’sTYPES OF OLED’s
2) Passive OLEDs :
• The organic layer is
between cathode & anode
run perpendicular.
• The intersections
form the pixels.
• Easy to make.
• Use more power & best
for small screens.

9. APPLICATIONS OF OLEDAPPLICATIONS OF OLED
• Televisions
• SONY
• LG transparent TV
• Cell Phone screens
• Wrist Watch
• Computer Screens
• Laptops
• Desktops
• Portable Device displays

10. ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES
• Faster response time than LCDs.
• Consume significantly less energy.
• Flexible and Conformal Displays .
• Thinner display-No backlight required.
• Safer for the environment.
• Wider viewing angles; up to 170 degrees
• OLEDs refresh almost 1,000 times faster
then LCDs.
• Can be made using plastic screens; LCDs
require glass backing.

11. DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES
OLED seems to be the perfect technology for all
types of displays, but it also has some
problems:
• Lifetime - While red and green OLED films
have longer lifetimes (46,000 to 230,000
hours), blue organics currently have much
shorter lifetimes (up to around 14,000 hours).
• Manufacturing - Currently, manufacturing is
more expensive than LCDs.
• Water - Water can easily damage OLEDs
• OLED screens are even worse than LCD in
direct sunlight
• Limited market availability

12. FUTURE USES FOR OLEDFUTURE USES FOR OLED
 Manufacturers focusing on
finding a cheap way to
produce.
["Roll-to-Roll"
Manufacturing]
 Increasing efficiency of
blue luminance.
 Scroll laptops

13. FAST RESPONSE TIMEFAST RESPONSE TIME
OLED LCD
Fast responseFast response time means full motion graphics can betime means full motion graphics can be
displayed.displayed.

14. CONSTANT CONTRAST RATIOCONSTANT CONTRAST RATIO
• Wide viewing angle.

15. BENDABLE OLED DISPLAYBENDABLE OLED DISPLAY
Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) technology is threatening
the Liquid Crystal Display, or LCD, standard because of its
flexibility, low power consumption.

16. OLED DATA GLASSOLED DATA GLASS
Developed by Students at the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany .
A pair of interactive data eye glasses that can project an image
onto the retina from an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) micro-
display, making the image appear as if it's a meter in front of the wearer.
Just the movement of the eyeball, to scroll through information.

17. IN DIRECT SUNLIGHTIN DIRECT SUNLIGHT
Nokia N00 OLED Display Apple iPHONE LCD Display

19. ConclusionsConclusions
• Limited use caused by degradation of materials.
• OLED will replace current LED and LCD
technologies
• Expensive
• Flexibility and thinness will enable many
applications

20. • http://impnerd.com/the-history-and-future-of-oled
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_light-emitting_diode
• http://www.oled-research.com/oleds/oleds-history.html
• http://www.voidspace.org.uk/technology/top_ten_phone_tech
s.shtml#keep-your-eye-on-flexible-displays-coming-soon
• http://www.pocket-
lint.com/news/news.phtml/23150/24174/samsung-say-oled-
not-ready.phtml
REFERENCES

21. THANK YOUTHANK YOU☺ ☺