3. Total Parenteral Nutrition
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
Feeding technique (veins)
Hyperalimentation
Bypasses the GI tract
The alimentary tract cannot or should not be used
Metabolic requirements for protein are substantially
increased (extensive burns).
Gastrointestinal absorption of protein is impaired
Provide fuel, energy and nutrients through the bloodstream
4. Total Parenteral Nutrition
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
Main Fuels
Protein (amino acids)
Carbohydrate (glucose)
Lipids (fat)
Nutrients
Vitamins
Minerals
Electrolytes
Water (H2O)
25-40 ml/kg/day
5. Total Parenteral Nutrition
Components
Proteins
Building blocks
1.5g/kg/day
Amino Acids
Organics compounds consist of proteins
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
Essential amino acids – body can’t produce
Non-essential amino acids – produce in the body
8. Total Parenteral Nutrition
Components
Lipids (fat)
- 1g/kg/day (daily requirements)
- 1/3 of energy (non-protein)
- prevents fatty acids deficiency
- provides more concentrated calories
- disadvantage
- pancreatitis
- immunosuppression
- increase in CO2 production
9. Total Parenteral Nutrition
Vitamins
Fat soluble
- Vitamin A (retinol, retinoic acid, 1mg or 300 USP units)
- Vitamin D (cholecalciferol, 5mg or 200 USP units)
- Vitamin E (tocopherol, 10mg or 10 USP units)
-Vitamin K (phytonadoine, 70mg)
Water Soluble
- Vitamin C (ascorbic acid, 100mg)