Liver function tests are recommended in the following situations To check dage from liver infections (hepatitis) To monitor the side effects of certain medications that affect liver In alcohol consumers If already have a liver disease , to monitor the disease For gall bladder disease Person experiencing symptoms of liver disorder

1. LIVER FUNCTION
TESTS
Name : Amreen fahmina
PharmD
Sultan-ul-Uloom college of pharmacy
Guided by
Dr S P SRINIVAS NAYAK ,
Assistant Professor ,
SUCP, Hyderabad.

2. LIVER FUNCTION TESTS
Liver performs functions like
1. synthesis
2. storage &
3. secretion
Liver test can help determine the health of liver
by measuring the levels of proteins , liver
enzymes , bilirubin in blood

3. • The basic functions of liver include
Removing contaminants from the body
Secretion of bile juice , bile pigments
Plays key role in carbohydrate,lipid,fats
metabolism
Synthesis of albumin,globulins & clotting factors
Kupffer cells (remove microbes that attacks the
liver by phagocytosis)

4. Liver function tests are recommended in the
following situations
To check dage from liver infections (hepatitis)
To monitor the side effects of certain medications that affect
liver
In alcohol consumers
If already have a liver disease , to monitor the disease
For gall bladder disease
Person experiencing symptoms of liver disorder

5. Commonly used tests to check liver abnormalities are
tests checking
Alanine transaminase (ALT)
Aspartate aminotransferase(AST)
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
Albumin
Bilirubin
Prothrombin time

6. ALT and AST tests
These tests measures enzyme that liver releases in
response to damage or disease.
ALT
This enzyme metabolises alanine to pyruvate
(intermediate of energy production)
Increased levels indicate Liver damage from
hepatitis,infection,cirrhosis,liver cancer
Normal levels : 7 – 55 U/L

7. According to American college of
gastroenterology normal values for
ALT 25 IU/L in females
33 IU/L in males
ALT
This enzyme found in several parts of body
including heart , liver , muscles
Increased levels indicate hepatitis,cirrhosis, can
also indicate heart problems or muscle problems
Normal levels : 40 IU/L

8. AST and ALT levels in various liver
conditions

9. ALP test
This enzyme is found in bones , bile ducts & liver.
Increased levels indicate liver
inflammation,blockage of bile ducts ,or bone
disease .
Normal levels : 20 – 140 IU/ L
Children may have elevated levels because of
growing bones
Levels in children 44 – 147 IU/L
Pregnant women also shows increased levels in
3rd trimester as it is produced by placenta.

10. Albumin test
It is the main protein synthesised by liver .
Decreased levels indicate that the liver is not
functioning properly.
Normal range for albumin : 3.5 – 5.0 g/dl
However , low levels can also be a result of
poor nutrition, kidney disease, infection
And Inflammation.

11. Bilirubin test
Bilirubin is the waste product from the
breakdown of red blood cells
It is processed by liver and excreted
through stools
Damaged liver cannot process bilirubin
and thus levels highly increase
Normal range : 0.2 – 0.8 mg/dL
Unconjugated bilirubin 0.2 – 0.6mg/dL
Conjugated bilirubin 0 – 0.2 mg/dL

12. Prothrombin time
Prothrombin time tests measures the time
taken for blood to clot
Liver synthesizes clotting factors such as
fibrinogen , prothrombin etc
Prolonged clotting may indicate liver disease
or deficiencies in specific clotting factors.
Normal prothrombin time : 11 – 13.5 sec

13. Abnormality patterns

14. .
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