This document discusses using augmented reality as a new visualization method for geographic information systems (GIS) data. It provides background on trends in geovisualization, including moving from 2D to 3D and realistic visualization. The document reviews augmented reality definitions, history, and applications. The research aims to visualize geo-objects in ubiquitous environments using augmented reality to provide dynamic, real-time visualization of GIS data. Initial results demonstrate a GIS augmented reality map using ARTags and displaying University College London buildings in the Layar platform. Future work includes improving positioning techniques and developing new user interfaces and application scenarios.

1. Augmented reality :
A new visualisation method for GIS
PhD Researcher Sung Hyun Jang
Supervised by Mike Batty and Andy Hudson-Smith

2. Outline
• Introduction • Initial results
• Background – AR map using ARTag
– Geovisualisation Trend – UCL buildings in Layar
g y
– Ubiquitous computing • Conclusion
• Literature review • Future Work
– Geovisualisation
– About AR
• Definition
• History
– AR applications
• Methodology
– Data extract
– Scenario
– Matching
– Implementation and Evaluation 249

3. Introduction
“ If a picture is worth a thousand words, then an interface is
worth a thousand pictures” (Shneiderman 2001)
(Shneiderman,
“If an interface is worth a thousand pictures, then
a geovisualisation can save more than a
thousand lives”
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4. Introduction
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5. Introduction
Soho
+ Cholera death
Water pump
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6. Background
Geovisualisation Trend
Data
Life
Cycle
C l
GIS Geovisualisation GIS
Platform Trend Uses
GIS
Data
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7. Background
GIS data life cycle
1st Gen. : linear and finite
Data
Acquisition
A i iti
Data
Processing
P i
Geo-
Visualisation
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8. Background
GIS data life cycle
2nd Gen. : Cloud Source
Data
Acquisition
A i iti
Data
Processing
P i
Geo-
Visualisation
Openstreetmap
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9. Background
GIS data life cycle
3rd Gen. : Enhancing reality
g y
Data
Acquisition
q
Data Realistic
Processing view
Geo
Geo-
Visualisation
Openstreetmap
Real Accessible
time
ti
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10. Background
Geovisualisation Trend – GIS Platform
Enterprise Pervasive
Desktop GIS Web GIS
GIS GIS
Embedded
ArcInfo ArcView &
Micro
GIS Specialist Enterprise WWW
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11. Background
Geovisualisation Trend – GIS data
2D 3D 3D + Realistic
3D
SHP DEM /DTM in real-time
Coverage 3D Model In real place
etc. etc. Enhancing reality
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12. Background
Geovisualisation Trend – GIS Uses
User Demand
Public Individual Context
Awareness
Policy
Decision Everyday Intelligent Cognition,
Cognition
Making technology Everyday technology,
Management
g and Calm technology
UIS StreetMap
(Urban Information System)
LIS Navigation
g
(Land Information System)
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13. Background
Short summary of new Geovisualisation trend
User demand
Pervasive
3D+Realistic Context
GIS Awareness
3D Intelligent cognition,
I t lli t iti
Embedded
E b dd d
in real-time Everyday technology,
Ubiquitous
&
In real place and Calm technology Computing
Micro
Enhancing reality
g y
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14. Background
Visualization for Ubiquitous Environment.
“Specialized elements of hardware and
software, connected by wires, radio waves
, y ,
and infrared, will be so ubiquitous that no
one will notice their presence”
p
(The Computer for the 21th Century, Mark Weiser, 1988)
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15. Background
Ubiquitous Space
The 1st Space Physical Space (Real space)
The 2nd Space Cyber Space (Virtual space)
Physical Space + Cyber Space = Linked Operating Space
y p y p p g p
Th 3rd S
The Space
(Ubiquitous Space)
Th 1st S
The Space Th 2nd S
The Space Th 3rd S
The Space
Space
(Real Space) (Virtual Space) (Ubiquitous Space)
Tech. Agriculture / Info.(IT, Computer) Space (Ubiquitous)
Revolution Industrial Revolution Revolution Revolution
Time 19th Century 20th Century 21st Century
• Ubiquitous IT revolution and the 3rd space, 2002, DH Kim 1549

16. Background
Ubiquitous Space
Internet
Location Based
Service
Invisible Embodied
I i ibl E b di d
Micro / Calm technology
Embedded
Intelligent
Devices
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17. Background
Ubiquitous Interface
Workers Everybody
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18. Background
Geovisualisation in Ubiquitous Interface
• Geovisualisation beyond the desktop GIS, web GIS
(Fixed location, screen, k b d and mouse)
(Fi d l ti keyboard d )
• Requirements:
q
Handheld, Portable, Wearable Devices
Very different scales or styles of output
Implicit input – location time, context
location, time
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19. Background
Geo-objects in Ubiquitous Environment
1949

20. Background
Visualise Geo-objects in Ubiquitous Environment
RFID
Building
information RFIDs
RFID Street Tree
RFID managing RFIDs
RFID RFID
RFID
Car information
RFIDs
Traffic Lights
Managing RFIDs
Pipe managing
RFIDs
Communication
Cables
Water Pipes
Gas Pipes
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21. Research Question
• Can geovisualisation support the ubiquitous
environment?
• What is the best way to visualise intelligent geo-
objects in the ubiquitous environment?
j q
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22. Overall research aim
IT Visualisation
Ubiquitous computing Geovisualisation
GIS in Geovisualisation
Ubiquitous With AR
Computing
p g
How can we visualise geo objects in ubiquitous environments?
geo-objects
– Dynamic visualisation: real-time, instant
– Intuitive interface: Calm technology, awareness
gy,
– with Augmented Reality
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23. Research Objectives
GIS in Geovisualisation
G i li ti
Ubiquitous Computing With AR
• Select GIS data can be used with AR
• P id d
Provide dynamic & real-time GIS data
i l ti d t
visualization using AR
• D
Develop GIS b
l GIS-based augmented reality service
d t d lit i
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24. Literature review
• Geovisualisation
– Definition of visualisation, geovisualisation
visualisation
– Challenges for geovisualisation
• Augmented reality
– Definition of AR
– History of AR
– Applications
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25. Literature review
What is geovisualisation?
• Visualisation
• The formation of mental visual images, the act or process of
interpreting in visual terms (Classic definition)
• In 1987, McCormick proposed visualisation taxonomy
• Exploring data and information g p
p g graphically, as a means of g
y gaining
g
GIS
understanding and insight into the data with
All activities
Software &and Wiseman, 1992: Brodlie et al., 1993)
(Earnshaw GIS data
Hardware
• Geo + visualisation
– The first use of the term visualisation in cartographic literature
Interface
– Ten principles common to cartography and geography
(Philbrick, 1953)
– A set of tools and techniques supporting geospatial data analysis
through the use of interactive visualisation (K k and M
(Kraak d Maceachren, 1999)
h
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26. Literature review
Challenges for geovisualisation
• Paper maps were designed to be both database and
presentation media. (MacEachren and Kraak, 2000)
• 80% of all di it l d t generated t d i l d geospatial
f ll digital data t d today include ti l
referencing (e.g., geographic coordinates, address, postal
codes, etc.)
codes etc ) (MacEachren and Kraak 2000)
Kraak,
• Geovisualisation has the potential to provide ‘windows’
into the complexity of the phenomena and processes
involved, through innovative scene construction, virtual
environments and collaboration (MacEachren and Kraak, 2000)
• Two current keywords in geovisualisation: Interaction,
Dynamic (MacEachren, 1994)
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27. Literature review
Why Augmented Reality
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28. Literature review
Why Augmented Reality
• Intuitive: : A more intuitive interface to access complex real
world
• Real – time: Real world should be a back ground
• Dynamic: Dynamic features
• Instant: Quick response
• Link real and virtual world: Enhancing the real world
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29. Literature review
Definition of AR
• A combination of a real scene viewed by a user and
a virtual scene generated by a computer that
augments the scene with additional information.
(Azuma 1997; Azuma, Baillot, Behringer, Feiner, Julier & MacIntyre 2001)
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30. Literature review
Reality – Virtuality (RV) Continuum
(Milgram & Colquhoun 1999)
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31. Literature review
A Brief History of AR
• 1960’s :
• Ivan E Sutherland
E.
• The ultimate display
The ultimate display would, of course, be a room
within which the computer can control the existence
of matter. A chair displayed in such a room would be
good enough to sit in.
…….
With appropriate programming, such a display could
literally be the Wonderland into which Alice walked
walked.
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32. Literature review
A Brief History of AR
• Early 1990’s : Boeing coined the term “AR” in its
Wire harness assembly application
(Anthony E. Majoros , Paul R. Jackson)
• Early 1990’s : UNC ultrasound project
y j
• 1994: Motion Stabilized display
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33. Literature review
A Brief History of AR
• 1994: Fiducial tracking in video see through AR
see-through
• 1996: UNC hybrid magnetic-vision tracker
• 2000: Augmented sports broadcasts
• 2009: Mobile AR ( o e 3GS, Android etc )
009 ob e (iPhone d o d etc.)
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34. Literature review
Components of augmented reality system
Component Type Description
Outdoor GPS
Positioning
Indoor 2D Tag, RFID
Digital Compass Direction of your sight (Horizontal)
User
Perspective
Accelerometers Angle of your sight (Vertical)
Optical see through Optical combiners in front of the user s eyes
user’s
Combining a closed-view HMD with one or
Display Video see through
two cameras
Combining virtual objects and real objects on
Monitor base
a monitor
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35. Literature review
Display materials
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36. Literature review
Tag based augmented reality
• ARToolKit: Washington Univ. HIT lab
• ARTag: Columbia Univ
Univ.
• Library for tag-based AR applications
• Open Source, Multi-Platform
• Solves two significant p
g problems in AR
• Tracking
• Registration
• Overlays 3D virtual objects on real markers
• Uses single tracking marker
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37. Literature review
ARToolKit
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38. Literature review
Tag-based Flash AR
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39. Literature review
Mobile augmented reality
• 2009 was the turning point for mobile augmented
reality
• Combined Location Based Service (LBS)
• C
Capabilities of mobile d i
biliti f bil devices hhave i
improved
d
– Built in GPS, Digital Compass, Accelerometers
• Wireless communication widely used
– Improving positioning
– WiFi, 3G
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40. Literature review
Nearest Tube station
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41. Initial Result
GIS ARMap
• Library : ARTag (2D tag-based)
– 2D rectangles with distinctive p
g patterns
• 3D data format
– 3D objects loaded from WRL (VRML) OBJ (Wavefront
(VRML), (Wavefront,
Maya), ASE (3D-Studio export)
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42. Initial Result
GIS ARMap
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43. Initial Result
UCL in Layar
• Platform : Layar
• Data format: JSON
• Information: UCL buildings
– Location, Image, Website, Phone Number
• Architecture
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44. Initial Result
UCL in Layar
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45. Conclusion and Future work
Conclusion
• Augmented reality in GIS
– Promising visualisation method for GIS data
– AR supports dynamic (time, location, user interface)
geovisualisation
– Need to improve positioning/ rendering technology
• GIS in Augmented reality
– Combine Location Based Service
–NNew fi ld with various challenges
field ith i h ll
– Need to select suitable GIS data for augmented reality
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46. Future work
Application Scenario
• AR Urban Information System
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47. Future work
Future work
• New user interface in static situation
– FLARTookit 2.0
20
• Image matching
– Visual Tag
– A l 3D t 2D T
Apply to Transformation
f ti
• Use tags as Ground Control Points (GCPs)
• Matching GIS data with real world
• Indoor positioning
– RFID
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48. Future work
Future work
3D 2D Tag
GIS With
Data Geo ref
3D t 2D
to
Transformation
2D Screen
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49. Future work
3D to 2D Transformation
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50. Future work
Application Scenario
• London Olympic 2012 with GIS AR (Olympic 2012 team)
Location Based
Future Sight Service
What’s going on
Service 5049

51. Future work
Future work
• Data acquisition
– POI data related to the Olympics
• Stadiums, tourist Information desks, ticket offices, etc.
– 3D model of the Olympic buildings
• Application Development
– 3D data on the Layar platform
– Using DBMS with Layar
• D
Develop more scenarios relating t th L d
l i l ti to the London
Olympics
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52. Questions and
comments?
Thank
Th k you.
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