Remittances in Africa - Challenges and Opportunities

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    Remittances in Africa - Challenges and Opportunities - Presentation Transcript

    1. Remittances to Africa Challenges and Opportunities Dr. Peter Hansen Anthropologist Migration Unit, DIIS
    2. Migration and remittances in Africa
        • Lack of data (migrants & flows)
        • North Africa as major recipient
        • Migration within Africa
        • Urban-rural remittances
        • Intraregional remittances
        • Informality
    3. Relatively small volume to SSA Source: The World Bank 2008
    4. Top 10 recipients by volume Source: IFAD 2007
    5. Top 10 recipients relative to GDP Source: IFAD 2007
    6. External flows to SSA Source: GDF 2008, OECD-DAC stats
    7. Remittances to fragile states
      • Average 12,8 % of GDP in fragile states
      • 6,4 % of GDP in non-fragile states
      • Lifeline to people in (post)conflict countries
      • May also contribute to conflict
      Sources: IFAD 2007 The World Bank
    8. Challenges for (rural) Africa
      • Migration within the continent
        • Rural areas are cut off from international remittances
        • Lack of data on remittances to rural areas
      • Weak financial system
        • Little access to formal banking sector
        • Few MTOs and little competition
        • High cost and little saving/investment
    9. Opportunities
      • Strengthen the financial sector
        • Bank rural areas
        • Deregulate remittance markets (increase competition and lower costs)
        • Use new technology (e.g. SMS and Internet)
        • Informality as an opportunity (e.g. hawala in Somalia, transport sector in Tanzania and Kenya)
      • Develop migration/diaspora policies
        • Africa in an early phase of migration management
        • Economic policies, diaspora accounts, diaspora bonds, co-financed development, etc.
        • Curb brain drain
    10. The remittance mantra
      • Remittances as development discourse
        • Turns diasporas into instruments for development
        • May divert attention from problems to development existing in home country
      • Is development the responsibility of diasporas?
        • The state still has a role to play
        • What can we ask of migrants who often live in hardship and with the burden of sending remittances?

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