The document discusses the theory of core and periphery as it relates to economic geography. The core-periphery model proposes that as one region grows economically, it becomes the core, while surrounding areas become the periphery. At the global scale, developed nations form the economic core and developing nations the periphery. Core nations control global markets and benefit more, while periphery nations depend on the core and receive a disproportionately small share of global wealth. The relationship between core and periphery can have both positive "spread effects" and negative "backwash effects" on the periphery.

1. THE THEORY OF CORE AND PERIPHERY
AR. DWEEP BUCH
MSU - MURP 2014
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2. THE THEORY OF CORE-PERIPHERY GROWTH
KEYWORDS
• Core;
 Periphery;
 World regions;
 Economic geography;
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• Core–periphery the
concept of a developed
core surrounded by an
undeveloped periphery.
The concept can be applied
at various scales.
Http://www.pacificusforum.com
• Core–periphery model is based on the idea that as one region or state expands in
economic prosperity.
• The area of high growth or former high growth becomes known as the core, and the
neighboring area is the periphery. Cores and peripheries can be towns, cities, states,
or nations.

3. WORLD SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
• There is a Global Economy which all countries
are a part of. Therefore countries are
interdependent and development in one
country depends on the country’s position in
the Global Economy (World system).
• The Global Economy is divided into the Core,
Semi Periphery and Periphery.
• The application of core–periphery theory at
the global scale identifies the developed
countries of the world as the economic core
of the global economic system and the
developing countries as the economic
periphery.
Other terms used to distinguish between the richer and poorer nations are:
• developed and developing countries.
• more economically developed countries (MEDCs) and less economicallydeveloped
countries (LEDCs).
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http://www.Cambridge.org/global interaction

4. C
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• The core countries are the industrialized capitalist countries on
which periphery countries and semi-periphery countries depend. Core
countries control and benefit from the global market.
CORE COUNTRIES
http://em.m.Wikipedia.org/wiki/core_countries

5. SEMI-PERIPHERY COUNTRIES:
• the semi-periphery countries (sometimes referred to as just the semi-periphery) are
the industrializing, mostly capitalist countries which are positioned between the
periphery and core countries. Semi-periphery countries have organizational
characteristics of both core countries and periphery countries and are often
geographically located between core and peripheral regions as well as between two or
more competing core regions
• Semi-peripheral countries contribute to the manufacturing and exportation of a variety
of goods. They are marked by above average land mass, as exemplified by China, India,
Brazil, Mexico, and Iran.
http://en.m.Wikipedia.org/wiki/semi-periphery-countries
PERIPHERY COUNTRIES:
• The periphery countries (sometimes referred to as just the periphery) are those that are
less developed than the semi-periphery and core countries. These countries usually
receive disproportionately small share of global wealth.
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http://em.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/periphery_countries

6. John Friedmann’s Stages of Growth
Gives a more detailed explanation of
periphery and highlights that spatial
inequalities change over time.
Stage 1 – No urban hierarchy
Stage 2 – Primate city
Stage 3 – Regional sub-centres
Stage 4 – Regional inequalities are
reduced in a fully integrated urban
system
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• The core goes along coast of India with cities like Mumbai, Pune, Bangalore, Chennai
,Hyderabad. Also there is another core around city new Delhi. The periphery is inland
with Madhya Pradesh and other cities inland are the periphery where primary
industries are dominant.
http://greenfieldgeography.wikispaces.com/global+core+and+periphery

7. A “CORE-PERIPHERY RELATIONSHIP” ON AN INTERNATIONAL LEVEL
• On an international level, core refers to DCs like colonial powers (Britain,
France, Netherlands) while periphery refers to LDCs like some former colonies
(Malaya & Singapore, French Indo-China, Indonesia)
• Generally, core country better employment opportunities in secondary &
tertiary industries due to presence of infra-structure like transport cum
telecommunication links, wealth, good housing, access to electricity & piped
water supply, schools, hospitals & amenities like shopping & entertainment,
hence attractive to foreign investment.
• Periphery country fundamentally agriculture & mining based economy with
limited infra-structure, limited access to social services, hence fewer job
opportunities.
• Periphery provides core with resources like cheap raw materials & labour
thus enhancing industrial expansion & wealth accumulation in core.
• Meanwhile, periphery drained of labour because workers from periphery
attracted to better paid jobs in core.
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https://sites.google.com/site/chapter8devlopment/core-periphery-theory

8. • Advantages to the periphery is known as the Spread Effect, while disadvantages to the
periphery is known as the Backwash Effect.
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www.amyglenn.com

9. Spread Effects
Positive effects of the core’s growth on the periphery. Core unable to supply all the
products the Core is demanding so supply from the Periphery to the Core. Core
becomes affected by NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES (high rents, overcrowding,
congestion) so firms locate in periphery.
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https://sites.google.com/site/chapter8devlopment/core-periphery-theory

10. Backwash Effects
Negative effects of the core’s growth on the periphery. Out-migration of
economically active people, outflows of capital, decreasing tax base, firms
of the periphery not able to compete with the firms of the core and
therefore periphery being flooded with core’s products.
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https://sites.google.com/site/chapter8devlopment/core-periphery-theory

11. BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://en.m.Wikipedia.org/wiki/semi-periphery-countries
http://em.m.Wikipedia.org/wiki/core_countries
http://em.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/periphery_countries
http://www.Cambridge.org/global interaction
https://sites.google.com/site/chapter8devlopment/core-periphery-theory
http://www.amyglenn.com
http://www.pacificusforum.com
http://greenfieldgeography.wikispaces.com/global+core+and+periphery
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