The document discusses various aspects of language teaching methodology theories including: 1. The nature of language and how it can be analyzed into units like morphemes, words, sentences, and text. 2. Different approaches to language learning from traditional teacher-centered methods to more modern student-centered constructivist methods. 3. Major language teaching methodologies including grammar translation, direct method, audio-lingual method, and communicative language teaching. 4. The document emphasizes that the needs of learners and the learning context should guide methodology choices.

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2. The Nature of Language Teaching Methodology Theories
My Profile
The Nature of
Language
Methodologies
My Profile
Language Learning
Language Teaching
Summary
x

3. The Nature of Language Teaching Methodology Theories
My Profile
The Nature of
Methodologies
Summary
Language
The Nature of Language
Language Learning
Language Teaching
Form, function,
context and
meaning
Units of language
Spoken and
written language
The Nature of
Language
x

4. The Nature of Language Teaching Methodology Theories
My Profile
The Nature of
Methodologies
Summary
Language
The Nature of Language
Language Learning
• Units of Language Teaching
Language
1. Words-Letters and
Sound
2. Words and
Morphemes
3. Sentences
4. Text
Thorough
≠
Enough
Ken: Can you give me a hand?
Sue: Just a minute.
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5. The Nature of Language Teaching Methodology Theories
My Profile
The Nature of
Language
Methodologies
The Nature of Language
Language Learning
Language Teaching
James:
Do you mind if I open the
window?
Sonia:
Well, actually I’m really
cold.
Summary
x

6. The Nature of Language Teaching Methodology Theories
My Profile
The Nature of
Methodologies
Language
The Nature of Language
Language Learning
Language Teaching
1. It is with pleasure that we offer you the post
of research assistant.
2. Look, I know you mean well, but the thing is
we… this isn’t what I want.
3. Having interviewed over fifty people who live
in the region, it seems that we would have to
conclude that there is a lack of support for
the project.
4. Everyone you ask around here will tell you,
they’ll tell you, we don’t want it.
Summary
x

7. The Nature of Language Teaching Methodology Theories
My Profile
The Nature of
Methodologies
Summary
LanguageThe Nature of
Language Learning
Language Learning
Language Teaching
No.
The traditional teacher-centered learning
The student-centered or constructivist
learning
1
Expert teacher teaches subject matter; students learn,
become educated.
Power is decentralized in the classroom in order to make
room for everyone’s empowerment.
2
Teacher dispenses wisdom; students absorb it.
Students seek out knowledge and understanding rather than
being given (or some would say force-fed) it.
3
Motivation comes from grades/extrinsic.
5
6
The teacher selects the projects/texts.
Each individual is judged according to his or her
merits/abilities.
7
Work is produced for the teacher and judged by her.
Motivation comes from within; students are truly interested
in what they’re doing and opportunities for pursuing one’s
interests are created and cultivated.
The students select the projects/texts.
Each student is able to play to his or her strengths while
learning from the contributions/strengths of groups
members as a collaborator on a shared project.
Work is produced for an authentic, real audience and has
real meaning to students.
8
9
Work often feels like busywork.
Students are “given a fish.”
Work feels meaningful.
Students are “taught how to fish.”
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8. F
The Nature of Language Teaching Methodology Theories
My Profile
The Nature of
Methodologies
LanguageThe Nature of
Language Teaching
Language Learning
Language Teaching
Summary
x

9. F
The Nature of Language Teaching Methodology Theories
My Profile
The Nature of
Methodologies
Summary
LanguageThe Nature of
Language Teaching
Language Learning
Language Teaching
Who are the learners?
What are their needs?
What are their expectations?
What material and resources are available?
x

10. The Nature of Language Teaching Methodology Theories
My Profile
The Nature of
Methodologies
Summary
Language
Methodologies
Language Learning
Language Teaching
Methods or Approaches
Traditional Language
Traditional Languge
Teaching
Teaching
Communicative
Communicative
Language Teaching
Language
Innovative Language
Innovative Language
Teaching
Teaching
x

11. The Nature of Language Teaching Methodology Theories
My Profile
The Nature of
Methodologies
Summary
Language
Methodologies
Language Learning
Language Teaching
Traditional
Language Teaching
Grammar Translation
Grammar Translation
Method
Method
Direct Method
Direct Method
Audio-Lingual
Audio-Lingual
Method
Method
x

12. The Nature of Language Teaching Methodology Theories
My Profile
The Nature of
Methodologies
Summary
Language
Methodologies
Language Learning
Language Teaching
Communicative
Language Teaching
Communicative
Approach
Total Physical
Response
Natural
Approach
CompetencyBased Approach
x

13. The Nature of Language Teaching Methodology Theories
My Profile
The Nature of
Methodologies
Summary
Language
Methodologies
Language Learning
Language Teaching
Innovative
Language Teaching
Silent Way
Silent Way
Community Language
Community
Learning
Language Learning
Suggestopedia
Suggestopedia
x

14. The Nature of Language Teaching Methodology Theories
My Profile
The Nature of
Language
Methodologies
Summary
Additional
Language Learning
ENRICHMENT
Language Teaching
How many morphemes are there in these
words?
TEACHER
POSTGRADUATE
UNSELFISH
x

15. The Nature of Language Teaching Methodology Theories
My Profile
The Nature of
Language
Methodologies
Summary
x
Additional
Language Learning
ENRICHMENT
Language Teaching
1.
The teacher presents grammar rules by explaining them using the learners’ mother tongue. Learners practise
these rules by translating sentences both from and into the target language. Learners are expected to learn lists
of words in the target language with their mother tongue equivalents. Speaking practice is not considered very
important.
2.
The teacher provides a spoken model of a short piece of language. Learners repeat it several times and try to
memorise it. The teacher corrects any mistakes. Taped material may be used and may include gaps where
learners supply the missing words.
3.
The teacher does not organise the course around a list of traditional grammar points but instead sets up a series
of communicative situations, similar to those that learners may find themselves in in real life. So learners will
learn how to order a coffee, how to ask for directions, ways of making suggestions, and so on.
4.
At first learners just listen and do not speak until they feel ready. When they do, the teacher responds to
meaning, rather than the grammatical form, and the teacher does not draw attention to any grammar points.

16. The Nature of Language Teaching Methodology Theories
My Profile
The Nature of
Language
Summary
Methodologies
Summary
Summary
Language Learning
Language Teaching
1. Language is made up of morphemes (meaningful bits of words), words,
sentences and text
2. Language can be analysed into form, function and meaning (which is dependent
on context)
3. Language learning may be helped by learners working things out for themselves
4. Learning and the learner should be prioritised over teaching and the teacher
5. There are various language teaching approaches and methodologies that can be
adopted
6. The communicative approach prioritises an ability to communicate over a
knowledge of ‘rules'
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