Biomass to Energy & Its Future Prospects

1. Biomass to Energy
&
Its Future
Presented by
Absar Saleh
B.S Chemical Engineering
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore

2. Introduction1
Conversion to Energy Methods2
Energy Production3
Applications to common life4
Future Benifits5
Overview
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore

3. Introduction
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore
 Energy Crisis
 Consumption of fossil Fuels
 Expense of Fossil Fuels
 Substitute to Energy
 Renewable energy
 Resources
 Biomass to Energy

4. LOGO
Conversion Methods
 Methods of conversion
 Biomass Gasification
 Biomass Digestion
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5. LOGO
Biomass Gasification
Basic Process Chemistry
• Conversion of solid fuels into combustible gas
mixture called producer gas (CO + H2 + CH4)
• Involves partial combustion of biomass
• Four distinct process in the gasifier viz.
• Drying
• Pyrolysis
• Combustion
• Reduction
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6. LOGO
Biomass Gasification
Process
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7. LOGO
Biomass Gasification
Biomass Gasifier
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8. LOGO
Producer Gas
Composition
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Particulars Rice Husk Woody Biomass
CO 15-20% 15-20%
H2 10-15% 15-20%
CH4 Upto 4% Upto 3%
N2 45-55% 45-50%
CO2 8-12% 8-12%
Gas C.V. (kcal/Nm3) Above 1050 Above 1100
Gas generated in Nm3/kg
of biomass
2 2.5

9. LOGO
Applications
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Power Generation Thermal Applications
o Irrigation Pumping
o Village Electrification
o Captive Power (Industries)
o Grid-fed Power from Energy
Plantations on Wastelands
o Simultaneous Charcoal and
Power Production
o Hot Air Generators
o Dryers
o Boilers
o Thermic Fluid Heaters
o Ovens
o Furnaces & Kilns

10. LOGO
Environmental
Aspects
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Water
Used in re-circulation mode with zero discharge.
Occasional ph adjustment and simple treatment may be
needed.
Air
Gasifier does not release gas to the atmosphere.
Combustion in user equipments (connected to gasifier) is
much cleaner compared to liquid fuels.

11. LOGO
Environmental
Aspects
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Solid Waste
Charcoal can be sold as fuel.
Biological ash can be returned to the soil.
Noise
In case of major user equipment i.e. genset, noise level is
lower than with 100% liquid fuels.

12. LOGO
Biogas From
Biomass Digestion
• Biogas Plant
• Basically Methane & CO2 Gas Producer.
• Methane – Odorless, Colorless, Good Calorific
Value, Green House Gas
• Sources : Animal Manures, excreta, kitchen
waste, Industrial Chemical Processes, Sea
Water Bed, etc.
• Animal Manure & Excreta contributes around 16
% of the total global methane emission.
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13. LOGO
Biogas Plant
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14. LOGO
Benefits
• Contributes substantially in reducing
Global Warming.
• Cost effective replacement for Fossil
Fuels.
• This Smoke Free gas emits less carbon
dioxide as compared to other fuels.
• A very efficient and environmentally
friendly solution for disposing off various
organic matter.
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15. COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore