1. bk&m;ocifarwåmawmf
igwdkYonf tjypf&SdpOfyif? c&pfawmfonf igwdkYtwGufaMumifh taocHawmf
rlonfjzpfíbk&m;ocifonfigwdkYudktb,frQavmufcspfawmfrlonfudkigwdkYtm;
xif&Sm;pGmjyawmfrl/ a&mr5;8
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a&mufonfudk odawmfrlonfjzpfí þavmuü&Sdaom rdrdvlwdkYudk cspfawmfrlaom
aMumifhtqHk;wdkifatmifcspfawmfrl/ &Sifa,m[ef13;1
udk,fhtaqGwdkYtzdkYtvdkYiSmudk,fhtoufudkpGefYjcif;arwåmxufomíjrwfaom
arwåmonftb,folürQr&Sd/ &Sifa,m[ef15;13
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aus;Zl;awmfESifhNidrfoufjcif;onf oifwdkYü &Sdygapaom/ igwdkYudkcspfí rdrdaoG;ESifh
igwdkYtjypfrsm;udkaq;aMumawmfrl/ Asm'dwf1;5
bk&m;ocifom;awmfudk ,HkMunfaomoltaygif;wdkYonf ysufpD;jcif;odkY
ra&muf? xm0&toufudk&apjcif;iSm bk&m;ocifonf rdrdü wpfyg;wnf;aom
om;awmfudkpGefYawmfrlonfhwdkifatmifavmuDom;wdkYudkcspfawmfrl/
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bk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmfonf]]txufrS}}vmojzifhajzmifhrwfjcif;yg&rDudk
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udk,fawmfxif&Sm;í udk,fawmf 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESifh Nidrfoufjcif;udk ,HkMunfol
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jcif;onfNydKysufroGm;cJhyg/oifonfxdkodkYvufcHjcif;udkrjyKvkyf&ao;ygvQif,ckyif
udk,fawmftm;oifu,fwifydkif&SifESifhtoufociftjzpfvufcHíudk,fawmfhxH
vHk;vHk;tyfESHyg&efuREkfyfwdkufwGef;ygonf/
Waston Goodman
(0yfqif*G'frif;)

2. a,½Ic&pfawmfbk&m;Zmwdawmf
rSefaomudk;uG,fjcif; eufeJaomt&monf BuD;pGmaomt&mjzpfonf[k
jiif;cHk&efr&Sd/bk&m;ocifonfudk,fcE¨müay:xGef;awmfrlNyD/[kwfrSefajzmifhrwfaMumif;
0dnmOfawmftm;jzifhxif&Sm;NyD/aumif;uifwrefwdkYonfudk,fawmfudk½Ijrif&MuNyD/
wpfyg;trsKd;wdkYonfowif;awmfudkMum;&MuNyD/avmuDom;wdkYonf,HkMunf&MuNyD/
bkef;toa&ESifhwpfuGtxufodkYaqmif,ljcif;udkcHawmfrlNyD/
1wdarmao3;16
tptOD;ü EIwfuywfawmf&Sd/ EIwfuywfawmfonf bk&m;ocifESifh
twl&Sd/EIwfuywfawmfonfvnf;bk&m;ocifjzpfawmfrl/....EIwfuywfawmf
onfvnf;vlYZmwdtjzpfudkcH,líaus;Zl;awmfESifh4if;?opömawmfESifh4if;jynfhpHkvQuf
igwdkYwGifwnfaeawmfrlonf..../ &Sifa,m[ef1;1?14(u)
xdktaMumif;t&mrlum;? xm0&bk&m;onf ya&mzufjzifhxm;awmfrlaom
Asm'dwfawmfjynfhpHkrnfhtaMumif;wnf;/Asm'dwfawmftcsuf[lrlum;?Munhf½Iavmh/
owdkYorD;unmonf y#doaE¨pGJ,lí om;a,musfm;udk zGm;jrifvwåYH/ xdkom;udk
{rmaEGvtrnfjzifhrSnfhMu&vwHåU[kvmownf;/{rmaEGvteufum;igwdkYESifhtwl
&Sdawmfrlaombk&m;ocif[kqdkvdkownf;/ &SifróJ1;22-23
igonfighcrnf;awmfESifhwpfvHk;wpf0wnf;jzpfonf/
&Sifa,m[ef10;30
a,½Iu-zdvdyÜK?þrQumvywfvHk;igonfoifwdkYESifhtwl&SdNyD;rSoifonfighudk
rodao;oavm/ighudkjrifaomolonfcrnf;awmfudkjrif/odkYjzpfvQifcrnf;awmfudk
tuREkfyfwdkYtm;jyawmfrlyg[koifonftb,fodkYqdk&oenf;/igonfcrnf;awmfü
&Sdonfudk4if;?crnf;awmfonfighü&Sdawmfrlonfudk4if;r,Hkoavm/
&Sifa,m[ef14;9-10(u)
2
a,½IrnfoljzpfaMumif;udk,fawmfwkdif
uREfkyfwdkYudkazmfjyawmfrl
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jzpf/ oifwdkYonf avmuDom;jzpfMu/ igrlum; avmuDom;r[kwf? ....
igtrSeftuefqdkonfum;tmjA[HrjzpfrDigjzpf}}[krdefYawmfrl/
&Sifa,m[ef8;23?58
rdef;ruvnf;]]ar&Sd<uvmawmfrlonf[ktuREkfyfodyg/a&mufawmfrlaom
tcgtuREkfyfwdkYtm;tvHk;pHkwdkYudkazmfjyawmfrlrnf}}[kavQmufjyef/ar&Sdteuf
um; c&pfawmf[k qdkvdkownf;/ a,½Iuvnf; ]]oifESifhpum;ajymaomigonf
ar&Sdyifjzpfonf}}[krdefYawmfrl/ &Sifa,m[ef4;25-26
a,½Iuvnf;igonftoufrkefYjzpf/ighxHodkYvmaomolonfaemufwpfzef
tqmtrGwfrcH&/ighudk,HkMunfaomolonfaemufwpfzefa&iwfrcH&/
&Sifa,m[ef6;35
igonfþavmuü&SdpOfwGifþavmutvif;jzpf/
&Sifa,m[ef9;5
a,½Iu ]]igtrSeftuefqdkonfum; igonf odk;0ifaomwHcg;0jzpf}} [k
rdefYawmfrl/ &Sifa,m[ef10;7
a,½Iuvnf;igonfjyef&Sifjcif;taMumif;touf&Sifjcif;taMumif;jzpf/
ighudk,HkMunfaomolonfaovGefaomfvnf;&Sifvdrfhrnf/ &Sifa,m[ef11;25
oifwdkYonf ighudk t&Sifbk&m;[lí4if;? ocif[lí4if;ac:wwfMu/
xdkpum;vnf;[kwfrSefaompum;jzpf/taMumif;rlum;oifwdkYac:Muonfhtwdkif;
igrSef/ &Sifa,m[ef13;13
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ighudktrSDrjyKvQiftb,folrQcrnf;awmfxHodkYra&muf&/ &Sifa,m[ef14;6
4
bk&m;ocifom;awmfa,½I
a,½Ionfbk&m;ocifom;awmfjzpfawmfrlonfudk0efcHaomolrnfonf
um;bk&m;ocifüwnf/bk&m;ocifonfvnf;xdkolüwnfawmfrl/
1&Sifa,m[ef4;15
aumif;uifwrefuvnf; oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfonf oiftay:rSm
oufa&mufawmfrlí tjrifhqHk;aombk&m; wefcdk;tmEkabmfawmfonf oihfudk
vTrf;rdk;vdrfhrnf/xdktaMumif;aMumifhxdkoefY&Sif;aomom;onfvnf;bk&m;ocif
om;awmf[kac:a0:orkwfjcif;udkcH&vdrfhrnf/ &Sifvkum1;35
taMumif;rlum;?igwdkYtzdkYoli,fudkzGm;jrif/igwdkYtm;om;udkay;oem;awmf
rl/ xdkolonf tkyfpdk;jcif;tmPmpuf&Sdvdrfhrnf/ emrawmfrlum; tHhMozG,f?
wdkifyifzuf? wefcdk;BuD;aom bk&m;ocif? xm0&tb? Nidrfoufjcif;t&Sif[k
ac:a0:orkwfjcif;udkcHawmfrlvdrfhrnf/ a[&Sm,9;6
xdkodkYavQmufpOfwGifxGef;vif;aomrdk;wdrfonfxdkolwdkYudkvTrf;rkd;íþolonf
igESpfoufjrwfEdk;&migcspfom;aywnf;/olpum;udkem;axmifMuavmh[krdk;wdrfu
toHawmfjzpfav/ &SifróJ17;5
]]ocif? tuREkfyf,HkMunf&rnfhtaMumif; bk&m;ocifom;awmfum;
tb,folenf;}} [k ar;avQmufaomf a,½Iu ]]oifonf xdkoludk jrifcJhNyD;onf
omru oifESifh,ckpum;ajymaom olonf bk&m;ocif om;awmfjzpf}} [k
rdefYawmfrl/ &Sifa,m[ef9;36-37
taMumif;rlum; bk&m;ocif Zmwdtjzpfawmf jynfpHkjcif;taygif;onf
c&pfawmfüudk,fxif&Sm;íudef;0yfawmfrl/ aumavmoJ2;9
3
a,½IjyKaomtHhzG,fedrdwfvu©PmtcsdKU
xdktcg vltpkta0;wdkYudk jrufyifay:rSmavsmif;Muap[k trdefYawmf&Sd/
rkefYig;vHk;ESifhig;ESpfaumifudkvnf;,líaumif;uifodkYMunhfarQmfvsufaus;Zl;awmfudk
csD;rGrf;NyD;rSrkefYESifhig;udkzJhíwynhfawmfwdkYtm;ay;awmfrl/wynhfawmfwdkYonfvnf;
vltaygif;wdkYtm; ay;Mu/ vltaygif;wdkYonf pm;í0MuNyD;rS <uif;&pfaom
tusdK;tyJhudk aumufodrf;í wpfq,fhESpfawmif;tjynfh&Mu/pm;aomol ta&
twGufum;rdef;rESifholi,fudkrqdkbJ?a,musfm;ig;axmifrQavmuf&Sdownf;/
&SifróJ14;18-21
&Sdrkefuvnf;ocif?tuREkfyfwdkYonfwpfnOfhvHk;BudK;pm;aomfvnf;wpfaumif
udkrQr&yg/ odkY&mwGif trdefYawmf&SdvQif ydkufuGefudkcsygrnf[k avQmufav/
xdkodkYcsNyD;vQiftvGefrsm;pGmaomig;wdkYudktkyfrdojzifhydkufuGefonfpkwfjywfp&Sd/
&Sifvkum5;5-6
a,½Ionf<uoGm;awmfrlaMumif;udkvrf;em;rSmxdkifaeaomvluef;ESpfa,muf
wdkYonfMum;&vQif'g0d'fom;awmft&Sif?tuREkfyfwdkYudku,froem;awmfrlyg[k
[pfaMumfav/.... a,½Ionfvnf; ....oifwdkYü tb,fodkYjyKapvdkoenf;[k
ar;awmfrlvQif? ocif? tuREkfyfwdkY rsufpdudkyGifhvif;apjcif;iSm jyKawmfrlyg[k
avQmufMuaomf a,½Ionf oem;jcif;pdwfawmf&Sdí olwdkY rsufpdudkvufESifh
wdkYawmfrl/xdkcPcsif;wGifxdkolwdkYonfrsufpdjrifíaemufawmfodkYvdkufMu/
&SifróJ20;30?32-34
5

3. a,½Ic&pfawmfonfzefqif;&SifESifhocifjzpfawmfrl
....tvHk;pHkwdkYudka,½Ic&pfawmftm;jzifhzefqif;awmfrlaombk&m;ocif....
{zuf3;9(c)
om;awmfonfaumif;uifay:ajrBuD;ay:rSm&SdorQaom?½lyt&m?t½lyt&m?
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cyfodrf;aomt&mwdkYudkzefqif;awmfrl/xkdociftm;jzifh¤if;?xkdociftzdkYtvdkYiSm
¤if;? cyfodrf;aomt&mwdkYonfzefqif;vsufjzpfMu/ aumavmoJ1;16
xkdEIwfuywfawmfonf cyfodrf;aomt&mwdkYudk zefqif;awmfrl/ zefqif;
awmfrljcif;ESifhuif;vGwfvsufjzpfaomt&mwpfpHkwpfckrQr&Sd/ &Sifa,m[ef1;3
a,½Ic&pfonfocifjzpfawmfrl[kEIwfESifh0efcHojzifhcrnf;awmfbk&m;
bkef;toa&awmfudkxif&Sm;apMurnftaMumif;wnf;/ zdvdyÜd2;11
bk&m;ocifonf?þaemufqHk;aomumvtcg?rdrdom;awmftm;jzifhigwdkYtm;
Asm'dwfay;awmfrlNyD/xkdom;awmfudktvHk;pHkwkdYtarGcHocift&mücefYxm;awmfrl
/om;awmftm;jzifhvnf;avmu"gwfwdkYudkwnfawmfrl/ a[NAJ1;1(c)-2
xdkYaMumifh oifwdkYonf vuf0g;uyfwdkifrSm uGyfrsufaom a,½Iudk
bk&m;ocifonfc&pfawmft&mü4if;?tpdk;&aomt&Sift&mü4if;cefYxm;awmfrlonf
taMumif;udk £oa&vtrsdK;taygif;wdkY twyftrSefodrSwfMuavmh[k ayw½k
a[mav/ wrefawmf2;36
c&pfawmfonfaoaomolwdkYudk4if;?&SifaomolwdkYudk4if;?tpdk;&aomt&Sif
jzpfapvdkaomXgtaocHícHNyD;rStouf&Sifjyefawmfrl/ a&mr14;9
igwdkYocifwnf;[laomom;awmfjrwfocifa,½IESifhqufqHjcif;aus;Zl;awmf
udkoifwdkYtm;ay;awmfrlaombk&m;ocifonfopömESifhjynfhpHkawmfrl/
1aum&dEÅK1;9
6
c&pfawmfwpfyg;wnf;tm;jzifhom
a&G;Ekwfu,fwifawmfrljcif;
igonfwHcg;0jzpf/igjzifh0ifaomolonfab;ESifhuif;vGwfvsufxGuf0ifí
usufpm;&mudkawGU&vdrfhrnf/ &Sifa,m[ef10;9
a,½Iu-igonfvrf;c&D;jzpf/or®mw&m;vnf;jzpf/toufvnf;jzpf/
ighudktrSDrjyKvQiftb,folrQcrnf;awmfxHodkYra&muf&/ &Sifa,m[ef14;6
a,½Iu ]]oifwdkYonfudk,ftjypfü aoMuvdrfhrnf[k igqdk/ igonf
þrnfaomoljzpfonfudk oifwdkYonfr,HkvQif udk,ftjypfüaoMuvdrfhrnf}} [k
rdefYawmfrl/ &Sifa,m[ef8;24
c&pfawmfonfpHkvifjcif;odkYa&mufNyD;rS,HkMunfem;axmifaomoltaygif;wdkY
tm;xm0&u,fwifjcif;aus;Zl;udkjyKaomoljzpfawmfrl/ a[NAJ5;9
tb,faMumifhenf;[lrlum; vltaygif;wdkYonf 'kp½kdufudkjyKí bk&m;ocifh
a&SUawmfütoa&ysufMuNyD/a,½Ic&pfüa&G;Ekwfawmfrlaomtm;jzifhtzdk;ray;&bJ
bk&m;ocifaus;Zl;awmfaMumifhajzmifhrwf&modkYa&muf&Mu/ a&mr3;24
xdkYaMumifh tMuifolwdkYonf a,½Ic&pftm;jzifh bk&m;ocifhtxHawmfodkY
csOf;uyfMu/xdkolwdkYtrIudkudk,fawmfonfapmifhvsuf?umvtpOftouf&Sif
aomaMumifholwdkYudktpOfu,fwifjcif;iSmwwfEdkifawmfrl/ a[NAJ7;25
xdkocif emrawmfrSwpfyg; igwdkYudku,fwifEkdifaom emrwpfpHkwpfckrQ
aumif;uifatmufvlwdkYwGifray:r&Sd/ wrefawmf4;12
trsufawmfudkcHapjcif;Xg igwdkYudk bk&m;ocifcefYxm;awmfrlonfr[kwf/
igwdkYocifa,½Ic&pftm;jzifhu,fwifjcif;udkydkif&apjcif;XgcefYxm;awmfrl/
1oufomavmed5;9
8
a,½Ic&pfawmfonfcyfodrf;aomvlwdkYudk
w&m;pD&ifrnfholjzpfawmfrl
oifonfnDtpfudkcsif;udktb,faMumifhppfaMumpD&ifoenf;/nDtpfudkcsif;udk
tb,faMumifhrxDrJhjrifjyKoenf;/igwkdY&SdorQonfc&pfawmfw&m;yv’ifa&SUodkY
a&muf&Murnf/ a&mr14;10
udk,fawmfwkdif ay:xGef;í EdkifiHawmfxif&Sm;aomacwfumv? touf&Sif
aomol? aoaomolwdkYudk pifaMumpD&ifawmfrlaom ocifa,½Ic&pfa&SUrSm¤if;?
bk&m;ocifa&SUrSm¤if;?igonfoifhudkopömay;onf/ 2wdarmao4;1
vlom;onf rdrdbkef;tmEkabmfudkaqmifvsuf? oefY&Sif;aom aumif;uifwrefrsm;
tNcHt&HwdkYESifhwpfuG <uvmawmfrlaomtcg? bkef;&Sdaomyv’ifawmfay:rSmxkdifí?
a&SUawmfüvlrsKd;taygif;wkdYudkpka0;apojzifhokd;xdef;onfokd;ESifhqdwfwdkYudkwpfjcm;pD
cGJxm;ouJhokdYvltaygif;wkdYudkoD;jcm;cGJxm;onf/ &SifróJ25;31-32
vltaygif;wdkYonfcrnf;awmfudk½kdaoonfenf;wlom;awmfudk½dkaoaprnf
taMumif;crnf;awmfonfb,foludkrQw&m;pD&ifawmfrrl/
&Sifa,m[ef5;22
iga[majymaom{0Ha*vdw&m;twkdif;bk&m;ocifonfa,½Ic&pftm;jzifh
vlwdkYrxif&Sm;aomtrIt&mwdkYudkppfaMumpD&ifawmfrlaomaeYüxdkodkYpD&ifawmf
rlvwåHU/ a&mr2;16
xkdocifonfvnf; touf&SifolwdkYESifh aoolwkdYudk w&m;pD&ifaomocif
jzpfapjcif;iSm? bk&m;ocifcefYxm;awmfrlaMumif;udk vltaygif;wdkYtm; a[majym
Muavmh?oufaocHMuavmh[kigwdkYtm;ynwfxm;awmfrl/
wrefawmf10;42
7
c&pfawmfwpfyg;wnf;tm;jzifhom
a&G;Ekwfu,fwifawmfrljcif;
xdkbk&m;ociftm;jzifhoifwdkYonfa,½Ic&pfüwnfaeMu/xdkocifrlum;
bk&m;ocifpD&ifawmfrlonftwdkif;igwdkYüynmrSpíajzmifhrwfjcif;?oefY&Sif;jcif;?
a&G;EIwfjcif;jzpfawmfrl/ 1aum&dEÅK1;30
xdkocifa,½Ic&pfonf cyfodrf;aom'kp½dkufrS igwdkYudka&G;Ekwfjcif;iSm4if;?
aumif;aomtusifhbufü pdwftm;BuD;í ydkifxdkufawmfrlaomtrsdK;udk rdrdtzdkY
pifMu,fapjcif;iSm4if;udk,fhudkudk,fpGefYBuJawmfrlNyD/ wdwk2;14
tvif;üaeaomoefY&Sif;olwdkYtarGudkigwdkYonfqufqH0ifpm;xdkufrnf
taMumif;aus;Zl;jyKawmfrl/arSmifrdkufwefcdk;rSvnf;igwdkYudkEkwfícspfawmfrlaom
om;awmfEkdifiHxJodkYoGif;awmfrl/xdkom;awmfaoG;tm;jzifhtjypfvTwfawmf
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&Sifvkum19;10
udk,fawmfonf taoowfjcif;udkcHawmfrlaomtm;jzifh toD;oD;bmom
pum;udkajymaom vlrsdK;EG,fcyfodrf;wdkYtxJrS tuREfkyfwdkYudk,lí taoG;awmfESifh
bk&m;ociftzdkYa&G;Ekwfawmfrl/....xdkYaMumifhudk,fawmfonfpmapmifudkcH,lí
wHqdyfwdkYudkzGifhxdkufawmfrl[ktopfaomoDcsif;udkoDíavQmufqdkMu/
Asm'dwf5;9
c&pfawmfonfigwdkYudkcspfawmfrlaomtm;jzifhbk&m;ocifha&SUawmfüarT;BudKif
aomteHY&Sdapjcif;Xgrdrdudk,fudkqufuyfí,ZfylaZmfvsufigwdkYtwGufpGefYawmfrlonf
enf;wlarwåmütouf&SifusifvnfMuavmh/ {zuf5;2
9

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y,f&Sm;ítouf&Sifjcif;ESifhrazmufjyefjcif;udk{0Ha*vdw&m;tm;jzifhxif&Sm;apawmf
rlNyD/ 2wdarmao1;9(c)?10
30
uREfkyfwdkYxJüusdef;0yfawmfrlaom
c&pfawmfonf0rf;ajrmufjcif;udkay;onf
,ckwGif tuREkfyfonf udk,fawmfhxHodkYoGm;&rnfjzpfí þolwdkYonf
tuREfkyfudk trSDjyKojzifh 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESifhjynfhpHkrnfhtaMumif;? þpum;udk
þavmuütuREfkyfajymyg/ &Sifa,m[ef17;13
aemufwpfzefoifwdkYudkigawGUjrifojzifhoifwdkYonfpdwfESvHk;0rf;ajrmufjcif;
&SdMuvdrfhrnf/xdk0rf;ajrmufjcif;udktb,folrQzsufpD;jcif;iSmrwwfEkdif/
&Sifa,m[ef16;22(c)
oifwdkYonf 0rf;ajrmufaompdwfESifh u,fwifjcif; prf;a&wGif;wdkYü a&cyf
Mu&vdrfhrnf/ a[&Sm,12;3
igonfc&pfawmfESifhtwlvuf0g;uyfwdkifrSmtaocHNyD/odkYaomfvnf;touf
&Sifao;/ xdkodkYqdkaomf igonf udk,fwdkifr&Sif? c&pfawmfonf igü&Sifawmfrl/
udk,fcE¨mü ,ck ig&Sifaomtoufonf bk&m;ocifom;awmfudk ,HkMunfjcif;
tm;jzifhwnf/om;awmfonfighudkcspfíightzdkYudk,fhudkudk,fpGefYawmfrl/
*vmwd2;20
oifwdkYüig0rf;ajrmufp&mtaMumif;wnfapjcif;iSm4if;?oifwdkY0rf;ajrmufp&m
taMumif;pHkvifapjcif;iSm4if;?þpum;udkoifwdkYtm;iga[majym/
&Sifa,m[ef15;11
touf&Sifjcif;vrf;udk jynTefawmfrlvdrfhrnf/ txHawmfü pHkvifaom
0rf;ajrmufjcif;tcGifhESifhvusfmawmfem;rSmtpOftNrJaysmfarGUjcif;tcGifh&Sdyg/
qmvH16;11
xdkocifudkoifwdkYonfrjrifzl;aomfvnf;cspfMu/,ckrSmvnf;rjrifbJvsuf
,HkMunfaomtm;jzifhbkef;toa&ESifhpyfqdkifaomajymírrSDEkdifaom&Tifvef;jcif;
pdwfESifh0rf;ajrmufMuonfjzpfonf/ 1&Sifayw½k1;8
32
u,fwifjcif;tmrcHcsuf
igwdkYonf bk&m;ocifom; jzpfMuonf[k 0dnmOfawmfonf igwdkY
0dnmOfESifhtwloufaocHawmfrl/ a&mr8;16
oufaocHawmfrlcsuf[lrlum; bk&m;ocifonf igwdkYtm; xm0&toufudk
ay;awmfrlí xdktoufonfvnf; om;awmfüyg/ om;awmfudk&aomolonf
toufudk&/ bk&m;ocif om;awmfudk r&aomolrlum; toufudkr&/
bk&m;ocifom;awmfudk ,HkMunfaom oifwdkYonf xm0&toufudk
udk,fwkdif&onf[kodapjcif;iSmþt&mrsm;udkoifwdkYtm;iga&;íay;vdkuf/
1&Sifa,m[ef5;11-13
ighynwfwdkY&í apmifha&Smufaomolonf ighudkcspfaomoljzpf/ ighudkcspfaom
oludkighcrnf;awmfonf cspfawmfrlrnf/ igonfvnf; xdkoludkcspfí olYtm;udk,fwdkif
xif&Sm;rnf[krdefYawmfrl/ &Sifa,m[ef14;21
xdkodkYoifwdkYonfom;jzpfaomaMumifhtAÁtb[kac:wwfaomom;awmf
0dnmOfawmfudkoifwdkYpdwfESvHk;xJodkYbk&m;ocifapvTwfawmfrl/ *vmwd4;6
ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;onfvnf;Nidrfoufjcif;udkjyKpkvdrfhrnf/ajzmifhrwfjcif;
tusKd;rlum;xm0&Nidrfoufjcif;ESifhvHkjcHKjcif;wnf;/ a[&Sm,32;17
bk&m;ocifonf 0dnmOfawmfaus;Zl;udk igwdkYtm;ay;awmfrlaomaMumifh
igwdkYonf bk&m;ocifü wnfonfudk4if;? bk&m;ocifonf igwdkYü wnfawmf
rlonfudk4if;odMu&/ 1&Sifa,m[ef4;13
xdkocifudk udk,fwdkifoduRrf;onfudk tb,fodkYod&oenf; [lrlum;
ynwfawmfwdkYudkapmifha&SmufvQifod&ownf;/ 1&Sifa,m[ef2;3
31
ocifbk&m;tm;emcHjcif;onftvGefyifvdktyfonf
odkYr[kwfxm0&bk&m;pum;awmfudkem;raxmif?tmPmawmfudkqefvQif
xm0&bk&m;vufawmfonfbdk;ab;wdkYudkqD;wm;ouJhodkYoifwdkYudkqD;wm;awmf
rlvdrfhrnf/ 1"r®&mZ0if12;15
tMuifoltxHütapcHuRefjzpfjcif;iSmoifwdkY0ifítapcH/xdkolonf
aojcif;ESifh ,SOfaom tjypfw&m;jzpfap? ajzmifhrwf&modkYa&mufjcif;ESifh,SOfaom
em;axmifjcif;w&m;jzpfap?oifwkdYocifjzpfonfudkrodMuoavm/
a&mr6;16
ocifa,½Ionfwefcdk;&Sdaomaumif;uifwrefwdkYESifhtwlaumif;uifbHkay:u
ay:xGef;awmfrlí bk&m;ocifudkrodaomol? igwdkYocifa,½I {0Ha*vdw&m;udk
em;raxmifaomolwdkYudk rD;vQHtm;jzifh 'Pfay;awmfrlaomtcg.... 'ku©qif;&J
cH&bl;aom oifwdkYü igwdkYESifhtwl csrf;omjcif;udk4if;? bk&m;ocifqyfay;í
w&m;pD&ifawmfrlvdrfhrnf/ 2oufomavmedwf1;7-9
,aeYaumif;BuD;ay;jcif;ESifhusdefjcif;wnf;[laomþESpfyg;udkoifwdkYa&SUrSm
igxm;/ ,aeY igqifhqdkaomoifwdkYbk&m;ocif xm0&bk&m;ynwfawmfwdkYudk
em;axmifvQifrlum; aumif;BuD;ay;jcif;? oifwdkYbk&m;ocif xm0&bk&m;
ynwfawmfwdkYudkem;raxmif....vQifrlum;usdefjcif;udkigxm;/
w&m;a[m&m11;26-28(c)
33

10. c&pfawmfudkEIwfjzifh0efcHjcif;onftvGefvdktyfonf
a,½Ic&pfonfocifjzpfawmfrl[kEIwfESifh0efcHojzifhcrnf;awmfbk&m;
bkef;toa&awmfudkxif&Sm;apMurnftaMumif;wnf;/ zdvdyÜd2;11
tMuifolonf vlwdkYa&SUrSm ighudk0efcHtHh? aumif;uifbHkü&Sdaom ig
crnf;awmfa&SUrSmxdkoludkig0efcHrnf/tMuifolonfvlwdkYa&SUrSmighudkjiif;y,ftHh?
aumif;uifbkHü&Sdaomigcrnf;awmfa&SUrSmxdkoludkigjiif;y,frnf/
&SifróJ10;32-33
bk&m;ocif0dnmOfawmfudktb,fodkYodEkdifoenf;[lrlum;vlYZmwdtm;jzifh
<uvmawmfrlaom a,½Ic&pfudk0efcHaom 0dnmOfrnfonfum; bk&m;ocifESifh
pyfqdkif/ 1&Sifa,m[ef4;2
a,½Ionf bk&m;ocifom;awmfjzpfonfudk 0efcHaomolrnfonfum;
bk&m;ocifüwnf/bk&m;ocifonfvnf;xdkolüwnfawmfrl/
1&Sifa,m[ef4;15
tb,fodkYenf;[lrlum;? oifonfocifa,½IudkEIwfjzifh0efcHí bk&m;ocifonf
olYukdaojcif;rS xajrmufapawmfrlNyD[k pdwfvHk;xJü ,HkMunfvQif u,fwifjcif;odkY
a&mufvdrfhrnf/ a&mr10;9-10
om;awmfukdjiif;y,faomolrnfonfum;?crnf;awmfudkrod/om;awmfudk
0efcHaomolrnfonfum;?crnf;awmfudkod/ 1&Sifa,m[ef2;23
tMuifolonfighudk¤if;?ighpum;udk¤if;&Suf/vlom;(c&pfawmf)onfrdrdbkef;?
rdrdtbcrnf;awmfbkef;?oefY&Sif;aomaumif;uifwrefwkdYbkef;udkaqmifvQuf
<uvmaomtcgxkdoludk&SufawmfrlvwåH/ &Sifvkum9;26
34
pmweftay:atmifjrifjcif;
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taocHawmfrlaomtm;jzifh?aojcif;w&m;udktpkd;&aomolwnf;[laomrm&fewf
wefcdk;udkcsKd;zJhzsufpD;jcif;iSm....xkdoli,fwdkYenf;wltaoG;tom;udkaqmif,lawmf
rl/ a[NAJ2;14-15
rm&fewfonfa&S;OD;pGmrSpí'kp½dkufjyKaomoljzpfaomaMumifh?tMuifolonf
'kp½dkufudkjyK/ xkdolonf rm&fewfESifhqkdif/ rm&fewftrIwdkYudk y,fzsufjcif;iSm?
bk&m;ocifom;awmfonfxif&Sm;ay:xGef;awmfrl/ 1&Sifa,m[ef3;8
wpfyg;trsKd;wdkYonfarSmifrkdufrStvif;odkYul;ajrmufípmweftmPmxJrS
bk&m;ocifhtxHawmfodkY ajymif;vJaomtm;jzifh tjypfvTwfjcif;aus;Zl;udkcH&rnf
taMumif;ESifhighudk,HkMunfaomtm;jzifhoefY&Sif;jcif;odkYa&mufaomolwdkYESifhqufqHí
tarGcH&rnftaMumif;olwdkYrsufpdudkzGifhapjcif;XmolwdkYqDodkYoifhudkigapvTwfrnf/
wrefawmf26;18
c&pfawmfcspfjcif;arwåmESifhigwdkYudktb,foluGmaprnfenf;/tu,fpifppf
...qif;&JNidKjiifjcif;? n§if;qJESdyfpufjcif;? rGwfodyfjcif;? t0wftcsnf;pnf;&Sdjcif;?
ab;ESifhawGYMuHKjcif;?uGyfrsufjcif;udkcH&aomfvnf;?xkdtrIwdkYwGiftb,ftrIonf
c&pfawmfcspfjcif;arwåmawmfESifhigwdkYudkuGmaprnfenf;/ a&mr8;35-37
xkdYaMumifh? bk&m;ociftvkdawmfudk vdkufMuavmh/ rm&fewfudkwm;qD;
Muavmh/okdYjyKvQifolonfoifwdkYxHuajy;oGm;vdrfhrnf/bk&m;ocifücsOf;uyfMu
avmh/okdYjyKvQifoifwkdYücsOf;uyfawmfrlvdrfhrnf/ &Sif,mukyf4;7-8(u)
,ckwGif þavmuonf w&m;pD&ifjcif;udk cH&/ ,ckwGif þavmuudk
tpdk;&aomrif;onfjyifodkYESifxkwfjcif;udkcH&vdrfhrnf/ &Sifa,m[ef12;31
36
pmwef-uREkfyfwdkYt"du&efol
or®mowd&SdvQufrtdyfbJ apmifhaeMuavmh/ oifwdkY&efol rm&fewfonf
a[mufaomjcaoFhuJhodkYtb,foludkrsKd&rnfenf;[lSívSnfhvnf&SmazGvQuf&Sd/
1&Sifayw½k5;8
xkdtcgrm&fewfpHkprf;aoG;aqmifjcif;udkcHap&rnftaMumif;?0dnmOfawmf
onfa,½IudkawmodkYydkYaqmifawmfrlí.....a,½Iuvnf;tcsif;pmwef?ighaemufodkY
qkwfavmh/ oifbk&m;ocif xm0&bk&m;udk ukd;uG,f&rnf/ xkdbk&m;ocifudk
xm0&0wfjyK&rnfusrf;pmvmonf[krdefYawmfrl/xkdtcgrm&fewfonftxHawmfrS
xGufoGm;íaumif;uifwrefwdkYonfcsOf;uyfvsufvkyfauR;Mu/
&SifróJ4;1?10-11
<uif;ao;aompum;[lrlum;? nDtpfukdwdkY? ocifbk&m;tm;jzifh¤if;?
wefcdk;awmft&Sdeftm;jzifh¤if;? ckdifcefYjcif;&SdMuavmh/ rm&fewf y&d,m,fwkdYudk
wm;qD;EkdifrnftaMumif;bk&m;ocifjyifqifawmfrlaomvufeufpHkukd0wfaqmif
Muavmh/ {zuf6;10-11
igwdkYppfwdkufí oHk;pGJaomvufeufonf Zmwdyuwdvufeufr[kwf/
bk&m;ocifwefcdk;awmftm;jzifhNrdKU½kd;NrdKUjywdkYudkNzdKzsufEkdifaomvufeufjzpf/
2aum&dEÅK10;4
rm&fewfonfa&SU OD;pGmrSpívlYtoufudkowfaomoljzpf/olYüopömw&m;
r&SdaomaMumifh opömw&m;ü rwnfrae/ olonf rkompum;ü usifvnfaomol
jzpf/rkomtbvnf;jzpf/ &Sifa,m[ef8;44
xdkoltjypfudk igonfvnf;vTwf... odkYr[kwfvQif pmwefonf igwdkYudk
Edkifrnf[kpdk;&drfp&m&Sd/oltMuHtpnfrsm;udkigwdkYodMu/
2aum&dEÅK2;10(c)-11
35
arwåm-wynfhawmfrsm;ukdppfaq;pHkprf;onfht&m
igonfvlbmompum;udk¤if;?aumif;uifwrefbmompum;udk¤if;ajymqkdEkdif
aomfvnf;?arwåmr&SdvQif?toHrnfaomwHykd;c&muJhodkY¤if;?wD;oHudkomay;wwfaom
vif;uGif;uJhodkY¤if;jzpf/ 1aum&dEÅK13;1
0dnmOfyuwdtusKd;rlum;cspfjcif;?0rf;ajrmufjcif;?Nidrfoufjcif;?pdwf&Snfjcif;?
aus;Zl;jyKjcif;? aumif;jrwfjcif;? opömapmifhjcif;? El;nhHodrfarGYjcif;? umr*kPf
csKyfwD;jcif;aywnf;/ *vmwd5;22-23(u)
wpfzefa,½Iu ]]a,meom;&Sdrkef? oifonfighudkcspfoavm}} [k 'kwd,
tBudrfar;awmfrlvQif?]][kwfygocif?udk,fawmfudktuREkfyfcspfonfudkudk,fawmf
odawmfrl}}[kavQmufaomf?]]igokd;wdkYudkxdef;avmh}}[krdefYawmfrl/
&Sifa,m[ef21;16
ighudkcspfvQifighynwfwdkYudkapmifha&SmufMuavmh/ &Sifa,m[ef14;15
wpfpHkwpfa,mufaomolu? ]igonfbk&m;ocifudkcspf] [k qdkvQufyif?
rdrdnDtpfukdudkrkef;vQif? xkdolonf rkom;udkoHk;aomoljzpf/ rdrdjrif&aom rdrd
nDtpfudkudkrcspfvQif?rjrifao;aombk&m;ocifudktb,fodkYcspfEdkifrnfenf;/
1&Sifa,m[ef4;20
oifwdkYonftcsif;csif;cspfMuvQifvltaygif;wdkYonfxdkarwåmudkaxmufí
oifwdkYonfigwynfhjzpfonfudkod&Muvdrfhrnf/ &Sifa,m[ef13;35
igwdkYonfnDtpfudkcsif;wdkYudkcspfaomaMumifhaojcif;rStouf&Sifjcif;odkYrdrdwdkY
ul;ajrmufonfudk rdrdwdkYod&Mu/ rdrdnDtpfudkudk rcspfaomolonf aojcif;ü
wnf/ 1&Sifa,m[ef3;14
ynwfawmfwdkYudk apmifhjcif;t&monf bk&m;ocifudk cspf&ma&muf/
ynwfawmfwdkYudk apmifhcJonfr[kwf/ 1&Sifa,m[ef5;3
37

11. a,½Ic&pfawmf&Sifjyefxajrmufjcif;
igwdkYonfvnf;?a,½k&SvifNrdKUrSpí,k'jynfwGifjyKawmfrlaomtrIrsm;wdkY
oufaocHjzpfMu/xkdolukdopfwdkifüqGJíuGyfrsufMuav/oHk;&ufajrmufaomaeYü
bk&m;ocifonfxajrmufawmfrlívltaygif;wdkYtm;xif&Sm;pGmjyawmfrrl/bk&m;ocif
cefYxm;awmfrlaomoufaocHwnf;[laomigwdkYtm;xif&Sm;pGmjyawmfrl/aojcif;rS
xajrmufawmfrlonfhaemuf?xkdocifESifhtwligwdkYonfpm;aomuf&Mu/
wrefawmf10;39-41
udk,fawmfonf ckESpf&ufwGif; yXraeY&ufapmapmtcsdefü xajrmufNyD;rS
txufuewfqdk;ckESpfa,mufudk ESifxkwfawmfrlaom rm*'vrm&dtm; a&S;OD;pGm
udk,fudkjyawmfrl/ &Sifrmuk16;9
xdkocifa,½Ionf igwdkYtjypfaMumifh tyfESHjcif;udk cHawmfrl/ igwdkYonf
ajzmifhrwf&modkYa&mufrnftaMumif;&Sifjyefxajrmufawmfrl/ a&mr4;25
xkdYaemuf&Spf&ufajrmufaomaeYüwynfhawmfwdkYonfwpfzeftxJrSm&SdMuí
aomrvnf;yg/wHcg;rsm;udkydwfxm;pOftcg?a,½Ionf<uvmítv,frSm&yfawmf
rlvQuf]]oifwdkYüNidrfoufjcif;&Sdapownf;}}[krdefYawmfrl/xkdtcgaomrtm;?
]]oifvufn§Kd;udkqefYí ighvufudkMunfhavmh/ oifhvufudkqefYí igheHab;udk
prf;oyfavmh/ ,HkrSm;jcif; r&SdESifh? ,Hkavmh}} [k rdefYawmfrl/ aomruvnf;?
]]tuREkfyft&Sif? tuREfkyft&Sif? tuREfkyfbk&m;ocifygwum;}} [k jyefí
avQmuf/ &Sifa,m[ef20;26-28
38
40
ocifbk&m;rsufarSmufüpifMu,foefY&Sifjcif;
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oefY&Sif;ajzmifhrwfjcif;yg&rDtm;jzifhbk&m;0efudk&J&ifhpGmjyK&aomtcGifhudkay;rnf[k
Asm'dwfxm;awmfrl/ &Sifvkum1;68(c)?74-75
xkdYaMumifhcspfolwdkY?xkduwdawmfrsm;ESifhigwdkYonfqdkifMuonfjzpfí?udk,fcE¨m
tnpftaMu;? pdwf0dnmOf tnpftaMu;&SdorQwkdYESifh udk,fhudkukd,fpifapvsuf?
bk&m;ocifukdaMumuf&GHUíoefY&Sif;jcif;yg&rDESifhjynfhpHkMuukeftHh/
2aum&dEÅK7;1
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<u,f0jynfhpHkrnftaMumif; ocifa,½IudktrSDjyKvsuf igwdkYonf awmif;yefí
wdkufwGef;aoG;aqmifMu/tb,fodkYaomynwfwdkYudkocifa,½ItcGifhawmfESifh
oifwdkYtm;igwdkYtyfay;onfudkoifwdkYodMu/bk&m;ociftvdkawmf[lrlum;
oifwdkYonfrw&m;aomarxkefudkMuOfa&SmifíoefY&Sif;apjcif;Xg4if;?oifwdkYtaygif;
onfoefY&Sif;jcif;?toa&wifhw,fjcif;ESifhrdrdudk,fudkrdrdxdef;wwfapjcif;Xg4if;...
igwdkYudk npfñl;apjcif;Xg bk&m;ocifac:awmfrlonfr[kwf? oefY&Sif;apjcif;Xg
ac:awmfrl/ 1oufomavmed4;1-4?7
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1&Sifayw½k1;15-16
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jynfhpHkaomarQmfvifhjcif;
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pum;oHukdMum;í?Mum;aomtm;jzifhtouf&Sif&rnfhtcsdefumvonfvmí,ckyif
a&mufvQuf&Sd/ .... þtrIt&mudk tHhMojcif;r&SdMuESifh/ ocsØKif;rsm;rSm&Sdaomol
taygif;wdkYonfom;awmfpum;oHudkMum;íxGuf&rnfhtcsdefumva&mufvwhH/
aumif;aomtusifhudk usifhaomolwdkYonf touf&Sif&m xajrmufjcif;okdY¤if;?
qdk;,kwfaomtusifhudk usifhaomolwdkYonf tjypfpD&if&m xajrmufjcif;odkY¤if;
xGuf&MuvwhH/ &Sifa,m[ef5;25(c)?28-29
a,½Ic&pfü AwådZHudkcHaomol&SdorQwdkYonf taocHawmfrljcif;ü AwådZHukd
cHMuonf[k oifwdkYrodoavm/ xkdYaMumifh taocHawmfrljcif;ü AwådZHudkcHaom
tm;jzifh?xkdocifESifhtwloN*ØKvfjcif;udkcHMu/taMumif;rlum;?c&pfawmfonf
crnf;awmfbkef;wefcdk;tm;jzifh aojcif;rSxajrmufawmfrlonfenf;wl?igwdkYonf
vnf; topfaomtoufü usifvnf&Muoenf;/ wpfenf;um; taocHawmf
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a&mr6;3-5
c&pfawmfonfoifwdkYtxJü &SdawmfrlvQif udk,fum,onf tjypfaMumifh
taojzpfaomfvnf; 0dnmOfrlum; ajzmifhrwfjcif;aMumifh touf&SifvQuf&Sd/
xdkrQrua,½Iudkaojcif;rSjyef&Sifapawmfrlaombk&m;onfoifwdkYtxJüudef;0yf
aomrdrd0dnmOfawmftm;jzifhaowwfaomoifwdkYudk,fum,udkyif&Sifapawmf
rlrnf/ a&mr8;10-11
39
41
ocifbk&m;rsufarSmufüpifMu,foefY&Sif;jcif;
xdkodkYESifhtnDa,½IonfrdrdaoG;tm;jzifhvlrsm;udkpifMu,fapjcif;XgNrdKU0ifayguf
wHcg;jyifütaocHawmfrl/ a[NAJ13;12
igwdkYonfbk&m;ocifha&SUawmfüarwåmtm;jzifhoefY&Sif;vsuftjypfuif;vGwf
vsufjzpfrnftaMumif;þurÇmrwnfr&SdrDigwdkYudkc&pfawmfüa&G;aumufawmfrlonf
ESihftnD ... oefY&Sif;jcif;yg&rDESihf rSefaomajzmifhrwfjcif;ü bk&m;ocifESifhwlatmif
zefqif;aomvlopfukd,lwif0wfaqmifrnftaMumif;wnf;/ {zuf1;4?4;24
xkdt&yfüvrf;rBuD;&Sdvdrfhrnf/ xkdvrf;udkoefY&Sif;&mvrf;[k orkwfMuvdrfhrnf/
rpifMu,faomolwdkYonfxdkvrf;udkravQmufroGm;&/oGm;aomolwdkYESifhtwludk,fawmf
wkdifc&D;oGm;vQuf&Sdawmfrlonfjzpfí?rdkufaomolaomfvnf;vrf;rvGJ&/
a[&Sm,35;8
udk,fhtjypfwdkYudkazmfjyawmif;yefvQif igwdkYtjypfrsm;udkvTwfí 'kp½dkuf&SdorQESifh
uif;pifapjcif;iSm bk&m;ocifonf opömw&m;ESifh¤if;? ajzmifhrwfjcif;w&m;ESifh¤if;
jynfhpHkawmfrl/ 1&Sifa,m[ef1;9
þt&mtvHk;pHkwdkYonftukeftpifysufokef;aysmufjy,fvdrfhrnf/odkYjzpfí
oefY&Sif;pGmusifhMuHajymqdkjcif;?bk&m;0wfüarGUavsmfjcif;tm;jzifhtb,fodkYaomol
jzpfoifhonfudkowdjyKavmh/ 2&Sifayw½k3;11
vltaygif;wdkYonftoifhtwifhaeíNidrfoufjcif;udk¤if;?oefY&Sif;jcif;yg&rDudk¤if;
rSDatmifvdkufavmh/oefY&Sif;jcif;yg&rDr&SdvQiftb,folrQxm0&bk&m;udkrzl;jrif&/
a[NAJ12;14
xm0&bk&m;emrawmfonfbkef;BuD;awmfrlonf[k0efcHvsufoefY&Sif;aom
wefqmudkqifíxm0&bk&m;udkudk;uG,fMuavmh/ qmvH29;2

12. 42
0dnmOfawmfESifhjynfh0aomvl
oifwkdYonf tqdk;jzpfvQufyif? udk,fhom;wdkYtm; aumif;aomt&mwdkYudk
ay;wwfvQif?xkdrQruaumif;uifbHkü&SdawmfrlaomoifwdkYtbonfqkawmif;
aomolwdkYtm;oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfudkomíay;awmfrlrnfr[kwfavm/
&Sifvkum11;13
xkdokdYqkawmif;yXemjyKNyD;pka0;aomt&yfonfwkefvIyfíxkdoltaygif;wkdYonf
oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfESifhjynfhojzifh?bk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmfw&m;ukd&J&ifhpGm
a[majymMu/ wrefawmf4;31
igh0dnmOfudkvnf;oifhwdkYtxJodkYoGif;ay;ojzifhoifwdkYonfigw&m;vrf;okdY
vdkufíigpD&ifawmfrlcsufwdkYudkapmifha&SmufMuvdrfhrnf/ a,Zausv36;27
odkYaomfvnf; bk&m;ocif 0dnmOfawmfonf oifwdkYtxJü udef;0yfawmf
rlvQifoifwkdYonfZmwdyuwdbufü&SdMuonfr[kwf/0dnmOfyuwdbufü&dSMu/
c&pfawmf0dnmOfudkr&aomolrnfonfum;c&pfawmfESifhrqdkif/ a&mr8;9
xkdokdYr&Sdaomfvnf;oifwdkYtay:odkYoefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfqif;oufaom
tcgoifwdkYonfwefcdk;udkcH&í....igoufaojzpfMuvdrfhrnf/
wrefawmf1;8(u)
xdkolonfolawmfaumif;jzpfíoefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfESifh4if;?,HkMunfjcif;
ESifh4if;jynfhpHkoljzpfonf/ wrefawmf11;24(u)
wynfhawmfrsm;wdkYonf0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESifh4if;?oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfESifh4if;
jynfhpHkMu/ wrefawmf13;52
vGefusL;apwwfaom pyspf&nfESifh ,pfrl;jcif;udka&Smifí 0dnmOfawmfESifh
jynfhpHkvsuf&SdMuavmh/ {zuf5;18
44
pHkprf;jcif;cH&aomolwdkYtwGufuwdawmfrsm;
xkdokdY pHkprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;udk ukd,fawmfwkdifcHí qif;&J'ku©ü usifvnf
aomaMumifhpHkprf;aESmifh,Swfjcif;trIESifhawGYBuHKaomolwdkYudkrpjcif;iSmwwfEdkifawmf
rl/ a[NAJ2;18
Nidrfoufjcif;t&Sifbk&m;ocifonfrMumjrihfrSDpmwefudkoifwdkYajcatmufü
ESdyfpufawmfrlrnf/ a&mr16;20(u)
ajzmifhrwfaomolonfrsm;pGmaom'ku©qif;&JukdcH&aomfvnf;xm0&bk&m;
onfcyfodrf;aom'ku©qif;&JxJuu,fvTwfawmfrl/ qmvH34;19
oifonf a&udkavQmufoGm;aomtcg oifESifhtwl ig&Sd/ jrpfwdkYukd
avQmufoGm;aomtcgrepfrGrf;&/rD;udkcsOf;eif;aomtcgvnf;ravmif&/
a[&Sm,43;2
vlüjzpfwwfaompHkprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;udkomoifwkdUonfcH&Mu/bk&m;ocif
onf opömESifh jynfhpHkawmfrlonfjzpfí oifwdkYrcHEdkifaompHkprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;udk
oifwdkYüa&mufpdrfhaomiSm? tcGifhay;awmfrrl/ oifwdkY onf;cHEdkifrnftaMumif;?
pHkprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;t&mESifhwuG? xGufajrmufaomvrf;udkvnf; pD&if jyKjyifawmf
rlvdrfhrnf/ 1aum&dEÅK10;13
bk&m;ocifudk cspfaomolwnf;[laom MuHpnfawmfrljcif;twdkif; ac:awmf
rlaomolwdkYtusKd;udkcyfodrf;aomt&mwdkYonfwpfnDwpfñGwfwnf;jyKpkMuonf
udkigwdkYodMu/ a&mr8;28
igwdkY,Zfya&m[dwfrif;onfigwdkYcH&aomqif;&J'ku©rsm;aMumifhrMuifemEkdif
aomolr[kwf/igwdkYcH&onfenf;wltrsKd;rsKd;aompHkprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;wdkYudkcHzl;aom
oljzpfawmfrl/ odkY&mwGif'kp½kduftjypfESifhuif;vGwfawmfrl/ a[NAJ4;15
44
pHkprf;jcif;cH&aomolwdkYtwGufuwdawmfrsm;
xkdokdY pHkprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;udk ukd,fawmfwkdifcHí qif;&J'ku©ü usifvnf
aomaMumifhpHkprf;aESmifh,Swfjcif;trIESifhawGYBuHKaomolwdkYudkrpjcif;iSmwwfEdkifawmf
rl/ a[NAJ2;18
Nidrfoufjcif;t&Sifbk&m;ocifonfrMumjrihfrSDpmwefudkoifwdkYajcatmufü
ESdyfpufawmfrlrnf/ a&mr16;20(u)
ajzmifhrwfaomolonfrsm;pGmaom'ku©qif;&JukdcH&aomfvnf;xm0&bk&m;
onfcyfodrf;aom'ku©qif;&JxJuu,fvTwfawmfrl/ qmvH34;19
oifonf a&udkavQmufoGm;aomtcg oifESifhtwl ig&Sd/ jrpfwdkYukd
avQmufoGm;aomtcgrepfrGrf;&/rD;udkcsOf;eif;aomtcgvnf;ravmif&/
a[&Sm,43;2
vlüjzpfwwfaompHkprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;udkomoifwkdUonfcH&Mu/bk&m;ocif
onf opömESifh jynfhpHkawmfrlonfjzpfí oifwdkYrcHEdkifaompHkprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;udk
oifwdkYüa&mufpdrfhaomiSm? tcGifhay;awmfrrl/ oifwdkY onf;cHEdkifrnftaMumif;?
pHkprf;aESmuf,Sufjcif;t&mESifhwuG? xGufajrmufaomvrf;udkvnf; pD&if jyKjyifawmf
rlvdrfhrnf/ 1aum&dEÅK10;13
bk&m;ocifudk cspfaomolwnf;[laom MuHpnfawmfrljcif;twdkif; ac:awmf
rlaomolwdkYtusKd;udkcyfodrf;aomt&mwdkYonfwpfnDwpfñGwfwnf;jyKpkMuonf
udkigwdkYodMu/ a&mr8;28
igwdkY,Zfya&m[dwfrif;onfigwdkYcH&aomqif;&J'ku©rsm;aMumifhrMuifemEkdif
aomolr[kwf/igwdkYcH&onfenf;wltrsKd;rsKd;aompHkprf;aESmifh,Sufjcif;wdkYudkcHzl;aom
oljzpfawmfrl/ odkY&mwGif'kp½kduftjypfESifhuif;vGwfawmfrl/ a[NAJ4;15
45
atmifjrifaomolwdkYtwGufuwdawmfrsm;
tMuifolonf atmifjrif/ xkdoludk igonf igbk&m;ocifAdr®mefawmfü
wkdifjzpfaponf/aemufwpfzefolonfjyifodkYra&TYU&/igbk&m;ocifemrawmfudk¤if;?
igbk&m;ociftxHawmfrSxGufíaumif;uifbHkrSqif;oufaoma,½k&SvifNrdKUopf
wnf;[laomigbk&m;ocifNrdKUawmfemrudk¤if;?igemropfukd¤if;xkdoltay:ü
igonftu©&mwifrnf/ Asm'dwf3;12
xkdolemrukdtoufpmapmifrSigonftvQOf;racs/ighcrnf;awmfa&SUü¤if;?
aumif;uifwrefwdkYa&SU ü¤if;?olemrudkig0efcHrnf/ Asm'dwf3;5
igonfatmifjrifí crnf;awmf yv’ifawmfay:rSm crnf;awmfESifhtwl
xkdifaeouJhodkY atmifjrifaomolonf igyv’ifay:rSm igESifhtwl xkdifae&aom
tcGifhudkigay;rnf/ Asm'dwf3;21
atmifjrifaomolonf þt&mwdkYudk tarGcHvdrhfrnf/ igonfol
bk&m;ocifjzpfrnf/olonfvnf;igom;jzpfvdrhfrnf/ Asm'dwf21;7
0dnmOfawmfonf toif;awmfwdkYtm; tb,fodkYrdefYawmfrlonfudk em;&Sdol
rnfonfum;Mum;ygap/tMuifolonfatmifjrif/xkdolonfigbk&m;ocif
y&'dokO,smOfü&SdaomtoufyiftoD;udkpm;apjcif;iSmigtcGifhay;rnf/
Asm'dwf2;7
tMuifolonfatmifjrifítqHk;wdkifatmifightusifhudkusifh/ighcrnf;awmf
onfightm;tcGifhay;awmfrlouJhodkYvlrsKd;wdkYudktkyfpdk;apjcif;Xgxdkoltm;igonftcGifh
ay;rnf/ Asm'dwf2;26

13. 46
vifr,m;uGm&Sif;jcif;ESifhywfoufí
bk&m;ocifonfuREfkyfwdkYtm;ajymjyawmfrl
cifyGef;&SdaomolwdkYudkvnf; ighynwfonfomru ocifbk&m;ynwfawmf
rlonfum;r,m;onfrdrdcifyGef;udkrpGefYypfapESifh/pGefYypfvQifcifyGef;r&SdbJaeap/
odkYr[kwfvQif?cifyGef;a[mif;xHodkYjyefítoifhtwifhaeap/a,musfm;onfvnf;
rdrdr,m;ESifhruGmapESifh/rdef;ronfrdrdcifyGef;raorSDumvywfvHk;w&m;tm;jzifh
csnfaESmifvsuf &Sd/ cifyGef;aovQifrlum; rdrdtvdktwdkif; ocifbk&m;üom
tjcm;aomolr,m;jzpfjcif;XgtcGifh&Sd/ 1aum&dEÅK7;10-11
Oyrmum;?vif&Sdaomrdef;ronfvifraorSDwdkifatmifynwfw&m;tm;jzifh
vifücsnfaESmifvsuf&Sd/vifaovQifrlum;vif0wfESifhvGwf/xkdYaMumifhrdrdvif
raorSD tjcm;aomolr,m;jzpfvQif arsmufrxm;aomrdef;r[k ac:xkduf/
vifaovQifrlum;?xkdw&m;ESifhvGwfonfjzpfí.../ a&mr7;2-3
tMuifolonf rdrdr,m;ESifhuGmí tjcm;aomrdef;rESifh pHkbufjcif;udkjyK/
xkdolonfrdrdr,m;jypfrSm;/vifuGmaomrdef;rESifhpHkbufjcif;udkjyKaomolonf
vnf;olYr,m;udkjypfrSm;onf/ &Sifvkum16;18
ighynwfonfum;?rSm;,Gif;jcif;taMumif;rSwpfyg;tjcm;aomtaMumif;jzifh?
rdrdr,m;ESifhuGmaomolonf rdrdr,m;udk rSm;,Gif;ap/ uGmaomrdef;rESifh pHkbuf
jcif;ukdjyKaomolonfvnf;olYr,m;ukdjypfrSm;/ &SifróJ5;32
uREkfyfwdkYu,fwif&SifvdktyfonfuREkfyfwdkYu,fwif&SifvdktyfonfuREkfyfwdkYu,fwif&SifvdktyfonfuREkfyfwdkYu,fwif&SifvdktyfonfuREkfyfwdkYu,fwif&Sifvdktyfonf
tb,faMumifhenf;[lrlum;vltaygif;wdkYonf'kp½kdufudkjyKíbk&m;ocifa&SUü
toa&ysufMuNyD/ a&mr3;23
oifwdkY'kp½kdufonfoifwdkYudkbk&m;ocifESifhuGmapNyD/ a[&Sm,59;2(u)
uREkfyfwdkYtwGuf c&pfawmftaocHonfuREkfyfwdkYtwGuf c&pfawmftaocHonfuREkfyfwdkYtwGuf c&pfawmftaocHonfuREkfyfwdkYtwGuf c&pfawmftaocHonfuREkfyfwdkYtwGuf c&pfawmftaocHonf
c&pfawmfonfudk,fcE¨mtm;jzifhtaoowfjcif;udkcHí0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh
touf&Sifjcif;odkYa&mufawmfrlonfjzpfíigwdkYudkbk&m;ociftxHawmfodkYydkYaqmif
jcif;Xg ajzmifhrwfawmfrlaomolonfrajzmifhrwfaomolwdkYtwGuf'kp½kduftjypfrsm;
aMumifhwpfcgcHawmfrl/ 1&Sifayw½k3;18(u)
uREkfyfwdkYtjypftwGuf aemifw&&efvdktyfonfuREkfyfwdkYtjypftwGuf aemifw&&efvdktyfonfuREkfyfwdkYtjypftwGuf aemifw&&efvdktyfonfuREkfyfwdkYtjypftwGuf aemifw&&efvdktyfonfuREkfyfwdkYtjypftwGuf aemifw&&efvdktyfonf
rdrdtjypfudk0Sufxm;aomolonfcsrf;omr&/rdrdtjypfudkazmfjy0efcsípGefYypf
aomolrlum;u½kPmawmfudkcH&vdrfhrnf/ okwåH28;13
oifwdkYtjypfudkajyapjcif;Xgaemifw&ípdwfajymif;vJjcif;odkYa&mufMuavmh/
wrefawmf3;19(u)
,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh a,½IudkvufcH&ef vdktyfonf,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh a,½IudkvufcH&ef vdktyfonf,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh a,½IudkvufcH&ef vdktyfonf,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh a,½IudkvufcH&ef vdktyfonf,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh a,½IudkvufcH&ef vdktyfonf
xdkoludkvufcHorQaomolwnf;[laomudk,fawmfudk,HkMunfaomolwdkYtm;
bk&m;ocifom;jzpf&aomtcGifhudkay;awmfrl/ &Sifa,m[ef1;12
u,fwifjcif;&&SdaMumif; aocsm&efvdktyfonfu,fwifjcif;&&SdaMumif; aocsm&efvdktyfonfu,fwifjcif;&&SdaMumif; aocsm&efvdktyfonfu,fwifjcif;&&SdaMumif; aocsm&efvdktyfonfu,fwifjcif;&&SdaMumif; aocsm&efvdktyfonf
om;awmfudk&aomolonftoufudk&/ 1&Sifa,m[ef5;12(u)
igtrSeftuefqdkonfum;ighpum;udkem;axmifíighudkapvTwfawmfrlaomol
udk,HkMunfaomolonfxm0&toufudk&onfjzpfítjypfpD&ifjcif;udkrcH&/aojcif;
rStouf&Sifjcif;odkYul;ajrmufaomoljzpf/ &Sifa,m[ef5;24
49
47
c&pfawmf'kwd,tBudrf<uvmawmfrljcif;
igonfoGm;íoifwdkYaep&mt&yfudkjyifqifNyD;rSwpfzefjyefvmNyD;ig&Sd&mt&yfü
oifwdkY&Sdapjcif;iSmoifwdkYudkighxHodkYodrf;qnf;rnf/ &Sifa,m[ef14;3
arsmufrxm;aom þvlrsKd;qdk;wGif tMuifolonf ighudk¤if;? ighpum;udk¤if;
&Suf/vlom;onfrdrdtbcrnf;awmfbkef;tmEkabmfudkaqmifvQuf?oefY&Sif;
aomaumif;uifwreftNcHt&HwdkYESifh<uvmaomtcgxkdoludk&SufawmfrlvwHh/
&Sifrmuk8;38
xkdtcgvlom;eddrdwfvu©Pmonfaumif;uifüxif&Sm;vdrfhrnf/aNrBuD;ay:
rSm vltaygif;wdkYonf idka<u;jrnfwrf;Muí? vlom;onf BuD;pGmaom bkef;wefcdk;
tmEkabmfudkaqmifvQuf?rdk;wdrfudkpD;í<uvmawmfrlonfukdjrif&Muvdrhfrnf/
&SifróJ24;30
cspfolwdkY?,ckwGifigwdkYonfbk&m;ocifom;jzpfMu/aemufrStb,fodkY
aomoljzpfrnf[krxif&Sm;ao;/odkYaomfvnf;udk,fawmfxif&Sm;ay:xGef;awmfrlaom
tcgigwdkYonfudk,fawmfESifhwlMuvwHh[kigwdkYodMu/taMumif;rlum;udk,fawmf
jzpfawmfrlonftwkdif;igwdkYonfjrif&MuvwHh/xdkodkYarQmfvifhaomolrnfonfum;
udk,fawmfoefY&Sif;awmfrlonfenf;wludk,fhudkudk,foefY&Skif;apwwf/
1&Sifa,m[ef3;2-3
xdkYaMumifh oifwdkYonf jyifqifvsufaeMuavmh/ taMumif;rlum; oifwdkY
rxifrSwfaomtcsdefüvlom;onf<uvmvdrfhrnf/ &Sifvkum12;40
vlom;onfrdrdtbcrnf;awmfbkef;tmEkabmfudkaqmifvsufaumif;uif
wref tjcHt&HwdkYESifh <uvmawmfrlvwHh/ xdktcg vltoD;oD; usifhaomtusifhESifh
tavsmuftusKd;tjypfudkqyfay;awmfrlvwHh/ &SifróJ16;27
48
bk&m;ocifEIwfuywfawmf
aumif;uifESihfajrBuD;rwnfaomfvnf;ighpum;wnfvdrfhrnf/
&Sifvkum21;33
taMumif;rlum; tem*wådpum;onf olYtvdktm;jzihf jzpfzl;onfr[kwf?
bk&m;ocifüoefY&Sif;olwdkYonfoefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfwdkufwGef;awmfrljcif;udk
cH&ía[majymMu/ 2&Sifayw½k1;21
xdkusrf;pm&SdorQonfbk&m;ocifrIwfoGif;awmfrlaomtm;jzifhjzpfí...Mo0g'
ay;jcif;?tjypfukdazmfjyjcif;?ajzmifhrwfpGmjyKjyifjcif;?w&m;ukdoGefoifjcif;aus;Zl;rsm;ukd
jyKwwf/ 2wdarmao3;16
qkawmif;ícGifhvTwfyg/qkawmif;ícGifhvTwfyg/qkawmif;ícGifhvTwfyg/qkawmif;ícGifhvTwfyg/qkawmif;ícGifhvTwfyg/
(a,½IurdefYawmfrl) xkdYaMumihf qkawmif;&rnfrSm - aumif;uifbHkü&Sdawmf
rlaom uREfkyfwdkYtb? ukd,fawmf emrawmftm; ½dkaoav;jrwfjcif;&Sdygapom;/
EkdifiHawmfwnfaxmifygapom;? tvkdawmfonfaumif;uifbHkü jynfhpHkouJhodkY
ajrBuD;ay:rSm jynfhpHkygapaom? toufarG;avmufaomtpmukd uREfkyfwdkYtm;
,aeYay;oem;awmfrlyg? olwpfyg;onf uREkfyfwkYdukd jypfrSm;aomtjypfrsm;ukd
vTwfawmfrlyg/tjypfaoG;aqmif&modkYrvdkufrygapbJraumif;aomtrIt&mrSvnf;
u,fEkwfawmfrlyg/tpdk;ydkifaomtcGifhESihfbkef;wefcdk;tmEkabmfonfurÇmtquf
qufudk,fawmfü&Sdyg? tmrif[k qkawmif;Muavmh/ oifwdkYonf olwyg;wdkY
tjypfudkvTwfvQifaumif;uifbHkü&SdawmfrlaomoifwdkYtbonfoifwdkYtjypfudk
vTwfawmfrlrnf/oifwdkYonf olwpfyg;wdkYtjypfudkrvTwfvQifoifwdkYtbonf
oifwdkYtjypfudkvTwfawmfrrl/ &SifróJ6;9-15

14. 2-12
Help From Above (Burmese)
Circulation within the Church
7J11 Burmese-R HFA
890/2010 (9), 746/2010 (9)