This presentation contains information regarding stuttering (a type of disfluency). Its definition, characteristics, onset and management/intervention.

1. Stuttering
Ancellie Espino
Raizel Rose Leuterio

2. Overview
 Definition
 Core and Secondary
Behaviors
 Onset
 Management/Intervention
 Sample Case/s

3. What is Stuttering?

4. What Differentiates Stuttering from Other
Types of Disfluencies?
1. Disfluency pattern is highly episodic at first then gradually
becomes chronic and consistent.
2. Symptoms can be modified by any number of clinical
manipulations -- helpful for differential diagnosis. e.g.
Adaptation effect (Johnson and Knott, 1937)
3. Distractibility when presented with white noise, speaking in
time to a metronome, singing group recitation, finger
tapping, arm swinging.
4. [bae-baesbaul]  [b^-b^-baesbaul]

5. Core Behaviors

6. Core Behaviors
 Blocks
- typically the last behavior to appear; occurs when
a person inappropriately stops the flow of air or voice
and often the movement of his articulators as well.
(Guitar,2006)

7. Secondary Behaviors
 Presence of an apparent struggle to
produce sounds and words that have
little to do with speech production:
jaw tremors, head shaking, eye
closing, or total body gyrations
 Absent during fluent
communication productions

8. Secondary Behaviors

9. Secondary Behaviors

11. Onset
 may occur at any time during
childhood, from the beginning of
multiword utterances, around 18
months, until puberty, around 11 or
twelve years of age.
 most likely to occur between ages 2
and 5 years. (Andrew et al, 1983)

12. Developmental Phases of Stuttering

13. Developmental Phases of Stuttering

14. Developmental Phases of Stuttering

15. Developmental Phases of Stuttering

16. Management/Intervention
Reduce the frequency of stuttering
Reduce the abnormality of stuttering
Reduce negative feelings about stuttering and
about speaking
Reduce negative thoughts and attitudes about
stuttering and about speaking
Reduce avoidance
Increase overall communication abilities
Create an environment that facilitates fluency

17. Famous People Who Stutter

18. Learn well your grammar,
And never stammer,
Write well and neatly,
And sing soft sweetly,
Drink tea, not coffee;
Never eat toffy.
Eat bread with butter.
Once more don't stutter.
- Lewis Carroll

19. References

20. Thank you for listening!
Have a blessed day!
Soli Deo Gloria! :D