Measuring Scientific Productivity - This presentation was prepared and presented during Ph.D. coursework at the University of Mysore 2021.

1. Muruli N
Research Scholar
Department of Library and Information Science
University of Mysore
Measuring Scientific Productivity
(Citation Databases, Impact Factor and its variants, h-index, SNIP, SJR, Unique Author Identification Systems)

2. 01
Citation
Database
02
Impact
Factors
03
Author
Identification
System
04
Academic
Social
Networking
Sites
Presentation Outlines

3. What is Scholarly Writings/ Research
Paper/ Academic Paper?

5. Three Classes of Metrics
CLASSICAL
Libra-metrics
Biblio-metrics
Scientometrics
Infor-metrics
NEO-CLASSICAL
Cyber-metrics
Webo-metrics
MODERN
Wiki-metrics
Open source
metrics
Journal Metrics
Author Metrics
Article-level
metrics
Alt-metrics
Source: https://www.slideshare.net/gketzia/metric-fields-in-information-science

6. Source: https://www.jstor.org/stable/284909?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents

8. What is Scientific Productivity?

10. Number of Publications + Number of Citations

11. Part 1-
Citation Databases

14. Who is he?
• American.
• He is known for
▫ Impact factor
▫ Bibliometrics
▫ Scientometrics
▫ Science Citation Index
• He was the founder of -
▫ Institute for Scientific Information
▫ The Scientist (Magazine)
• He is the father of citation
indexing of academic literature.
• He launched the SCI, which in
turn led to the Web of Science.

16. Web of Science
• Subscription-based database : Web of Science is a website that
provides subscription-based access to multiple databases that provide
comprehensive citation data for many different academic disciplines.
• Previously known as Web of Knowledge.
• Originally produced by the Institute for Scientific Information
• Currently maintained by Clarivate Analytics
• Previously maintained by Thomson Reuters.
• Negotiated Rates (2018): For Core E Shodh Sindhu Members -
11,550 (USD) + 18% GST
• Coverage – 1900 to present.

17. Web of Science – Citation Databases
CORE COLLECTION
1. Science Citation Index
Expanded
2. Social Sciences Citation
Index
3. Arts & Humanities Citation
Index
4. Emerging Sources Citation
Index
5. Book Citation Index
6. Conference Proceedings
Citation Index
REGIONAL DATABASES
1. Chinese Science Citation
Database
2. SciELO Citation Index
3. Korea Citation Index
4. Russian Science Citation
Index
5. Arabic Regional Citation
Index

18. Web of Science Tools
• EndNote
• Kopernio
• Publons
• ResearchID
• Journal
Citation
Reports
• Journal
Impact
Factor
• User Profile
• Create alert
• Citation
Metrics

20. Scopus
• Subscription based –Abstracts & Citations database
▫ It indexes peer reviewed literature of Scientific Journals, Books &
Conference Proceedings.
▫ Producer – Elsevier, Launched in 2004.
• Four types of Numerical Quality Measures
▫ h-index
▫ CiteScore
▫ SCImago Journal Rank (SJR)
▫ Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP)
• Searches Patent databases also.
• Scopus offers – Author profile & Scopus ID can be integrated
with ORCID.
• Negotiated Rates: For Core E Shodh Sindhu Members – 22,063
(USD) + 18% GST.
• Coverage – 1788 to present.

21. Limitations of Web of Science &
Scopus Databases
• Majority of the journals which have been indexed in theses
databases are from United States.
• Journals published in other than English language have been
ignored.
• It indexes only the Journals not the monographs and others.

22. Indian Citation Index
• Idea of - Ex NISCAIR Scientist Mr. Prakash Chand.
• Developed by - “Knowledge Foundations”.
• Funded by – Diva Enterprises Pvt Ltd.
• Launched in 2009.
• Covers – More than 1,100 Indian journals including
open access journals from 2004 onwards.
• Subscription based – Online Bibliographic Database.

25. Google Scholar
• FREE Bibliographic database
▫ Brain-child of Alex Verstak & Anurag Acharya.
▫ Launched on 20th November 2004.
▫ Slogan – Stand on the Shoulders of Giants.
• Indexes the metadata or the full-text of
▫ Peer reviewed online academics Journals, Books, Conference Papers, Thesis &
Dissertations, Pre-Prints, Abstracts, Technical Reports, Court Opinions, Patents
etc,.
• Features
▫ Citation Importing - 2006
▫ Scholar Citation Profile - 2012
▫ Google Scholar Library 2013
▫ Metrics buttons – To view impact of journals
▫ i10 index
• Limitations & Criticism
▫ Google Scholar has been criticized for not critically examining the journals & for
including Predatory journals.

27. Microsoft Academic
• FREE –web search engine for academic publications.
• Competitor – to Google Scholar and other.
• Developed by – Microsoft Research.
• Re-Launched in 2016.
• Previously known as – Microsoft Academic Search.

30. Part 2-
Impact Factors & it’s variants

31. Introduction
• Research Metrics have become important in many fields.
• Research metrics are sometimes controversial.
• Each metric may offer a different emphasis based on its
▫ Data source,
▫ Method of calculation, or
▫ Context of use.
• Strengths and weaknesses of metrics - Don’t judge by a single
metric, because all metrics have some limitations.
• Golden Rules
▫ Always use both qualitative and quantitative input for decisions
▫ Always use more than one research metric as the quantitative input.
• Therefore, using more than one metrics can help to provide a more
complete picture and reflect different aspects of research
productivity and impact in the final assessment.

32. Citations Metrics
JOURNAL LEVEL
 Journal Citation
Reports (JCR)
 Journal Impact
Factor (JIF)
 CiteScore metrics
 SCImago Journal
Rank (SJR)
 Source Normalized
Impact per Paper
(SNIP)
AUTHOR LEVEL
 h-index
 i10-index
 g-index
 Other..
ARTICLE LEVEL
 Citations Per
Publication
 Alt-metric Score
 Other..

33. Journal-level metrics
1. Journal Citation Reports
(JCR)
2. Journal Impact Factor
(JIF)
1. SCImago Journal Rank
(SJR)
2. CiteScore metrics
3. SNIP
Web of Science/
Clarivate Analytics
Scopus/
Elsevier
1. h5-index
2. h5-median
Google Scholar

34. Journal Citation Report (JCR)
• Annual publication by Clarivate Analytics.
• JCR has been integrated with the Web of Science.
• Transparent, publisher-neutral data and statistics.
• High-quality academic journals data –
▫ It allows the research community to evaluate the world’s high-
quality academic journals using a range of indicators, descriptive
data and visualisations.
▫ Researcher can explore a rich array of citation metrics, including
the Journal Impact Factor.

36. Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
• Devised by Eugene Garfield.
• Journals with higher impact factor carry more prestige in
their respective fields, than those with lower values.
• Mean number of citations of articles published in the last
two years in a given journal.

37. JIF - Example
The Journal Impact Factor is calculated by dividing citations to recent items
by the number of recent items

39. Activity - One
Cites in 2020 to items
published in:
• 2019 = 525
• 2018 = 420 954/5
0
• Number of items
published in:
• 2019 = 26
• 2018 = 24
SUM:
945
SUM:
50
18
.9
JIF

40. Activity - Two
Cites in 2020 to items
published in:
• 2020 = 500
• 2019 = 525
• 2018 = 420
• 2017 = 480 1925/1
00
• Number of items
published in:
• 2020 = 26
• 2019 = 26
• 2018 = 24
SUM:
1925
19.
25
SUM:
100
CiteScore
CiteScore is another important
metric for measuring journal impact in
Scopus.
The calculation of CiteScore for the
current year is based on the number of
citations received by a journal in the
latest 4 years (Including the
calculation year), divided by the
number of documents published in the
journal in those four years.
 CiteScore is calculated for the current
year on a monthly basis until it is
fixed as a permanent value in May
the following year, permitting a real-
time view on how the metric builds as
citations accrue.

41. CiteScore vs. Journal Impact Factor
CiteScore calculation is based on
Scopus data,
CiteScore uses a 4-year window
Impact Factor is based on Web of
Science data.
Factor adopts a 2-year window.
Source: https://libguides.lb.polyu.edu.hk/journalimpact/sjrsnip#sthash.Qc3wUYOD.dpbs

42. Scopus Sources - Demo
https://www.scopus.com/
• CiteScore
• SJR
• SNIP

43. SCImago Journal Rank (SJR)
• SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) is based on the concept of a
transfer of prestige between journals via their
citation links.
• Drawing on a similar approach to the Google PageRank
algorithm - which assumes that important websites are
linked to from other important websites - SJR weights
each incoming citation to a journal by the SJR of the citing
journal, with a citation from a high-SJR source counting for
more than a citation from a low-SJR source.
• Like CiteScore, SJR accounts for journal size by averaging
across recent publications and is calculated annually.
• SJR is also powered by Scopus data and is freely available
alongside CiteScore.

44. SCImago Journal Rank - Demo

45. Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP)
• SNIP is a sophisticated metric that intrinsically accounts for field-
specific differences in citation practices.
• It does so by comparing each journal’s citations per
publication with the citation potential of its field, defined as
the set of publications citing that journal.
• SNIP therefore measures contextual citation impact and
enables direct comparison of journals in different subject
fields, since the value of a single citation is greater for journals in
fields where citations are less likely, and vice versa.
• SNIP is calculated annually from Scopus data and is freely
available at www.scopus.com/sources.

46. Author-level metrics
Measure the bibliometric impact of
individual authors, researchers,
academics, and scholars.
h-index
i10-index
RG Score
Author-level Eigenfactor
Erdős number
m-index
Individual h-index
h2
g-index
e-index
c-index
o-index
RA-index
L-index
s-index
w-index

47. Author-level-metrics
h-index i10-index
• It was invented by Jorge
Hirsch in 2005.
• The h-index is an author-level
metric that attempts to
measure both the productivity
and citation impact of the
publications of a scientist or
scholar.
• The h-index- Author/journal
has published at least h papers
that have each been cited at
least h times
• Created by Google Scholar and
used in Google's My Citations
feature.
• i10-index = the number of
publications with at least 10
citations.
• Very simple and
straightforward to calculate.
• Google Scholar is free and easy
to use.
• Limitation - Used only in
Google Scholar

48. Google Scholar - Demo

49. Part 3 –
Unique Author Identification Systems

53. Open Researcher and Contributor ID - will associate your research activities and
outputs to you with a persistent ID. It is becoming the most prevalent identifier
and can be linked with others ID.

54. Scopus Author Identifier - Each author in Scopus is automatically assigned a unique
number, It displays citation metrics, including your h-index, and includes a visual
author identifier

55. Publons (previously ResearcherID) - This ID is found in Web of Science from
Clarivate Analytics. It displays citation metrics, including your h-index.

56. My Citations in Google Scholar - My Citations automatically updates publications and
citations from Google Scholar. It displays citation metrics, including your h-index

57. VIDWAN is the premier database of profiles of researchers and other faculty members
working at leading academic institutions involved in teaching and research in India. It
provides important information about expert's background, contact address, experience,
scholarly publications, skills and accomplishments, researcher identity, etc.

58. IRINS is web-based Research Information Management service developed by the INFLIBNET.
The portal facilitates the academic, R&D organisations and faculty members, scientists to collect, curate and
showcase the scholarly communication activities and provide an opportunity to create the scholarly network.
It has integrated with academic identity such as ORCID ID, ScopusID, Research ID, Microsoft Academic
ID, Google Scholar ID for ingesting the scholarly publication from various sources.

61. Part 4 –
Academic Social Networking Sites

63. https://medium.com/@NurdinLawal/top-five-academic-social-networking-sites-for-scholars-and-students-5b146e674f84
https://www.timeshighereducation.com/a-z-social-media

64. Conti...
• ResearchGate - Creating a profile on ResearchGate
may help you stay connected to other researchers in
your field.
• Academia.edu - You can follow other researchers
in your field and it also offers analytics on your profile
and on your individual papers.
• ImpactStory - Create an ImpactStory profile to see
how often you are cited, saved by scholars, or
discussed by the public.
• Kudos - Create a Kudos profile to describe and share
your research outputs and view alternative
metrics.

65. Quiz..
1. Name any TWO important subscription based Citation Databases.
2. ______ is the Indian based Citation Database.
3. Name any TWO important Free Citation Databases.
4. Who is the Founder of JIF?
5. Name any FOUR Journal level metrics.
6. SJR stands for...
7. Name any TWO Author level metrics.
8. Name any FOUR important Unique Author Identification
Systems.
9. Name any FOUR important Academic Social Networking
platforms.
10. As per Google Scholar, who has highest h-index in DLIS, UoM?

66. Conclusion....

67. References
• Impact metrics: Author impact: H-index, g-index... LibGuides. (n.d.).
Retrieved September 14, 2021, from
https://libguides.graduateinstitute.ch/metrics/author_impact.
• Journal impact: CITESCORE. Guides & Tutorials. (n.d.). Retrieved
September 14, 2021, from
https://libguides.lb.polyu.edu.hk/journalimpact/citescore#sthash.O2CZ13
CK.HaUPMQzZ.dpbs.
• Measuring your impact: Impact factor, citation analysis, and other
metrics: Measuring your impact. Subject and Course Guides. (n.d.).
Retrieved September 14, 2021, from
https://researchguides.uic.edu/if/yourimpact.
• Measuring your research impact: I10-index. LibGuides. (n.d.). Retrieved
September 14, 2021, from
https://ucsd.libguides.com/c.php?g=704382&p=5000890.

68. Websites/ Additional Resources
• https://medium.com/@NurdinLawal/top-five-academic-social-networking-sites-for-scholars-
and-students-5b146e674f84
• https://www.timeshighereducation.com/a-z-social-media
• https://clarivate.com/webofsciencegroup/solutions/journal-citation-reports/
• https://www.researchinformation.info/news/journal-citation-reports-2021-published-clarivate
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_factor
• https://www.elsevier.com/authors/tools-and-resources/measuring-a-journals-impact
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCImago_Journal_Rank
• https://libguides.lb.polyu.edu.hk/journalimpact/sjrsnip#sthash.Qc3wUYOD.dpbs
• https://libraryguides.mcgill.ca/impact/profiles

69. Thank You 