The British Colonies -- The South, the North & a War with the French

1. The South, The North, and a War with the French.

2. Mercantilism
 Competition to acquire the most gold
 Colonies are a source of raw materials & a market for
British goods
I gotsta get paid!
King Charles II
Colonial
Merchant

3. Navigation Acts of 1651
 Restricted colonial trade
 All colonial trade has to go through England
 Good for England and most colonists
 Some colonial merchants resist

5. Crackdown in Massachusetts
 Punish colonists smuggling
goods
 Revoke Mass.’s charter
 Maine to New Jersey:
Dominion of New England

6. Sir Edmund Andros
 Installed as D.O.N.E.’s
royal governor
 Restricts local assemblies
and levies taxes without
input from local leaders.
 Hated by almost everyone
in America

7. Glorious Revolution
 King of England is a Catholic,
James II
 Ignores Parliament
 Has a son

8. William & Mary
 William of Orange: Dutch
royal
 Mary: Protestant daughter of
James II
 Parliament votes to install as
new monarchs
 Supremacy of Parliament
 New England colonies get
their charters back

9. Salutary Neglect: England Gets Bored
 Raw materials keep flowing
 Colonists keep buying English goods
 Relaxed enforcement of regulations

10. Royal Authority Weakens
 Colonial governors appointed by
the Crown
 Paid by colonial assemblies
 Who really controls these
governors?
 Why doesn’t England keep the
reins tightened?

12. Southern Plantation Economy
 Cash crops dominate southern economy
 Plantations instead of towns
 Shipped crops to the North & England
 Rural & Self-sufficient

13. Planters vs. Farmers
 Planters: wealthy owners of large estates
 Controlled southern economy, politics & society
 Small Farmers: European immigrants; poor to Middle
Class
 1713-1774: tobacco exports in the Chesapeake tripled

14. What role did women play in the South?
 Could not vote
 Educated in social graces or domestic tasks
 Working Class: cook, clean, garden, sew, milk cows,
slaughter pigs
 Planter Class: be rich (servants handled household chores)

15. Indentured Servants
 Poor white men
 Indentured themselves to
escape poverty in Europe
 When freed, scratched out a
living in the western parts of
southern colonies

16. Slavery in the South
 Agrarian economy demands labor
 Slaves brought from Africa
 1750: 200,000 slaves in America
 80-90% farm work
 Full-time work by 12
 some slaves rented out

17. Olaudah Equiano
 Captured by slave traders as a boy
 Enslaved in Barbados & Virginia
 Sold to British Naval Officer
 Bought his freedom in 1766
 Leading abolitionist in Britain
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X485Irzty-E

18. Slave Trade

19. Middle Passage

23. The Commercial North
 1650-1750: colonial economy grows faster than Britain’s
 Northern agriculture diverse – examples?

24. Northern Industry
 Commerce grows in New England
 Fishing, lumber, shipbuilding
 1760: 1/3 of all British ships built in the colonies
 Merchant class grows powerful

25. Life in the North
 Urban – Boston, Philadelphia, NYC
 Open squares, parks, police, and lit sidewalks
 Lack of firewood and water – garbage floods the streets

27. Life in the North
 Germans and Scots-Irish
pour into the North –
Positives?
 Slavery exists, though less
incentive than in the South
 No political rights for
women – expected to obey
their husbands

28. The Enlightenment
 Movement of the 1700s
 World is scientific, not
magical
 Truth through reason and
experimentation
 How does the
Enlightenment influence
political thought?
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4jRR7CWLCZI
English Philosopher
John Locke

29. Great Awakening
 Religious movement mid-1700s
 Response to the decline of the Puritan church in New England
 Revival meetings held throughout colonies
 Challenged authority of traditional churches
 How does the Great Awakening influence political thought?

30. The Other North American
Empire…France
 1608: Quebec
founded
 Control entire
Mississippi River
Valley
 Population only
70,000 (1 million
British colonists)
 How did French
colonies differ from
British?

31. French & Indian War
 Great Britain v. France
 British attempts to evict the
French from Ft. Duquesne fail
 New British PM William Pitt
stunts French success
 Iroquois now supporting
British
 Decisive British victory in
Quebec

33. Aftermath of War
 Britain: all territory east of
Mississippi
 Spain: all French land west
of Mississippi
 France: keep small islands
in near Newfoundland &
West Indies
 Indians: must now deal
with British
 Proclamation of 1763:
Britain forbids colonial
expansion beyond the
Appalachian Mtns

34. Tensions Emerge
 1761: Britain cracks down on smuggling
 10,000 British troops stationed in America
 Britain’s national debt doubled from the war
 1764: Sugar Act