Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment

Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
ERASMUS UNIVERSITY ROTTERDAM
Erasmus University Rotterdam:
Rotterdam School of Management (RSM) &
Dutch Research Institute for Transitions (DRIFT)
Cradle to Cradle® and C2C® are registered trademarks held by McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry, LLC (MBDC).
Cradle to Cradle® in the Built
Environment
@ UT May 8th
Academic Chair ‘Cradle to Cradle for Innovation and Quality’

Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
‘CRADLE TO CRADLE FOR INNOVATION AND QUALITY’
8 May 20132
1. Erasmus University Rotterdam
“Cradle to Cradle for Innovation
and Quality”
Rotterdam School of Management
- Summary last Seminar
2. University Twente
“Cradle to Cradle in Industrial
Design Engineering”
3. Technical University Delft
visiting professor of
Building Design Technology
Faculty of Architecture
- Last C2C lab
• Technische Universität München
Cradle to Cradle Followship
Fakultät für Bauingenieur-
und Vermessungswesen
Fakultät für Architektur
- Upcoming event June 4th

‘CRADLE TO CRADLE FOR INNOVATION AND QUALITY’
8 May 20133
Department of Decision and Information Sciences
Rotterdam School of Management (RSM)
Katja Hansen
Senior Researcher
Diana den Held
Senior Researcher
Douglas Mulhall
Senior Researcher
prof.dr. Michael
Braungart
Marleen Lodder
PhD Student

MARLEEN LODDER
– PhD-candidate Erasmus University Rotterdam (since October 2011)
• Rotterdam School of Management (RSM)
• Dutch Research Institute for Transitions (DRIFT)
– Background
• Master Architectural Engineering, Technical University Eindhoven
• Bachelor Built Environment, Avans Hogeschool ‘s Hertogenbosch
– PhD proposal
• Vision for Area Development
• Beneficial Area’s
• Economic-, Ecologic- and Social-Cultural capital
• Process
• Scale and scalability
8 May 20134

CRADLE TO CARDLE® IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Michael Braungart & William McDonough
"We do not want sustainability, because that is not enough. We want real quality.“
(Braungart)
“A delightfully diverse, safe, healthy and just world - with clean air, soil, water and power -
economically, equitably, ecologically, and elegantly enjoyed.”
(McDonough)
Source: http://www.amazon.com Source: http://www.mcdonough.com Source: http://greenatwork.com
8 May 20135

FRACTAL TRIANGLE
- McDonough, W., & Braungart, M. (2002)
8 May 20136
McDonough, W., & Braungart, M. (2002). Design for the triple top line: New tools for sustainable commerce. Corporate Environmental Strategy, 9(3), 251-258.

TRIPLE TOP LINE
- McDonough, W., & Braungart, M. (2002)
8 May 20137
“triple top line growth:
products that enhance
the well being of nature
and culture while
generating economic
value” (pp252)
McDonough, W., & Braungart, M. (2002). Design for the triple top line: New tools for sustainable commerce. Corporate Environmental Strategy, 9(3), 251-258.
Source: Diana den Held

THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY: C2C THE BASIS
- The Ellen MacArthur Foundation
8 May 20138
Source: www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org
“The circular economy requires careful
management of material flows, which
are of two types. These are
characterised by McDonough and
Braungart in Cradle to Cradle:
Remaking the Way We Make Things as
biological nutrients—materials designed
to re-enter the biosphere safely and
rebuild natural capital, and technical
nutrients, designed to circulate at high
quality without entering the biosphere.”
(Towards the circular economy 2, pp 26)

?
THE GREENEST HOUSE IS THE ONE THAT NEVER GETS
BUILT
- Whit Faulconer, Green Blue
8 May 20139
Source: Unknown

BUILDINGS LIKE TREES
CITIES LIKE FORESTS
BUILDINGS LIKE TREES – CITIES LIKE FORESTS
Slide 10
Source: EPEA

?
- Based on Stewart Brand, How Buildings Learn, 1994
8 May 201311

THE QUALITY CHALLENGE
Many manufacturers don’t know
what is in their products.
So… most architects don’t know
what is in their buildings.
8 May 201312

QUALITY INGREDIENTS + QUALITY DESIGN =
QUALITY PRODUCTS
=
8 May 201313

UNKNOWN INGREDIENTS & UGLY DESIGN =
LOW QUALITY PRODUCTS
= ?
8 May 201314

HAITI & TURKEY. BAD DESIGN & UNKNOWN
INGREDIENTS = CATASTROPHE
8 May 201315
Source: Unknown

OFF-GASSING OF “NATURAL” CARPET
QUALITY QUESTION
8 May 201316
Source: HUI

INDOOR AIR QUALITY
8 May 201317
Source: http://www.businessweek.com Source: http://home.howstuffworks.com

?
BUILDINGS HAVE A…………………
…………………BIG FOOTPRINT!
- How to make it a Big Beneficial Footprint that is profitable ?
8 May 201318
Source: Unknown

CONTEXT SPECIFIC PRINCIPLES
- Hannover Principles
- Almere Principles
- Venlo Principles
- Limburg Principles
- Marina Principles
- C2C Architects Manifesto
- C2C Architecture Charter
8 May 201319

FRAMEWORK:
1. CRADLE TO CRADLE CRITERIA FOR THE BUILT
ENVIRONMENT
2. PLANNING GUIDE
How To Plan A Big Beneficial Footprint; Guide To Innovation Tools For
Cradle To Cradle-Inspired Value In Building Developments.
3. REGISTRY
http://www.rsm.nl/research/decision-information-sciences/research/cradle-to-cradle-for-innovation-and-quality/registry/
8 May 201320

C2C® CRITERIA FOR THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
For more information see:
http://www.duurzaamgebouwd.nl/bookstore
8 May 201321

- Definition of a C2C building
- Criteria based on C2C principles
- Implementation criteria
- Measuring intentions, milestones & roadmaps
- Defining C2C energy
8 May 201322

DEFINITION OF A CRADLE TO CRADLE® BUILDING
“Cradle to Cradle building contains defined elements that
add value and celebrate innovation and enjoyment by
measurably enhancing the quality of
- materials,
- biodiversity,
- air,
- and water,
- using current solar income,
- being deconstructable
- and recyclable,
- and performing diverse practical and life-enhancing
functions for its stakeholders to holistically improve the
economy, ecology and social equity.”
8 May 201323

DIFFERENCE SUSTAINABLE AND CRADLE TO CRADLE®
Cradle to Cradle® Criteria:
– Healthy materials
– Supporting biodiversity
– Clean(ing) air
– Clean(ing) water
– Energy Positive
– Deconstructable
– Defined recyclable
– Life-enhancing functions
– Holistically improve the
economy, ecology and social
equity
Sustainable Criteria:
– Sustainable materials
– Reducing impact biodiversity
– CO2 Neutral / Zero Impact
– Water savings
– Energy Neutral
– ?
– Recyclable
– ?
– Find a general balance
between economy, ecology
and social equity
8 May 201324

Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment 8 May 201325

There is not yet a 100%
C2C building, highway or airport
New approaches are required to get there.
Focus on Innovation instead of
Certification
8 May 201326

EVERYTHING IS A NUTRIENT FOR SOMETHING ELSE
2. Quality of materials
– Defined pathways
– Defined use periods
– Design for disassembly
3. Soil production, Bio-nutrients
4. Climate, Air and Sound quality
5. Water quality
USE CURRENT SOLAR INCOME
6. Produce more energy then one needs by using current solar
income
CELEBRATE DIVERSITY
7. Bio-diversity, Conceptual-diversity, Social-diversity,
Cultural-diversity
8 May 201327

THE PRINCIPLE CRITERIA
1. STATE YOUR INTENTIONS.
Which C2C principles do you plan to implement by when?
Which Goals do you plan to declare?
8 May 201328

EXAMPLE:
C2C ROADMAP, measurable goals and milestones in a defined period
- Desso
29 8 May 2013
Source: www.desso.com

Example of Goals for the sites:
“In Ten Years Our Site is Profitably Energy-
Positive”
- Keep Investment at Home
- Generate, Sell, and Buy Power
- Install & Maintain the Systems
8 May 201330

Example of Goals for Materials:
“In ten years 90 percent of the
materials used in our building
will have C2C materials passports”
8 May 201331

2. DEFINE MATERIALS AND THEIR INTENDED
USE PATHWAYS
(a) whose contents are measurably defined in technical or
biological pathways from manufacturing through use and
recovery and
(b) whose impacts are measurably beneficial for human health
and the environment.
8 May 201332

Cogent™ Group Fabrics
GOLD
No Antimony
Other Examples for
SILVER Certifications
EXAMPLES OF CERTIFICATIONS IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Source: EPEA
33
Steelcase Inc.
29 Products
Examples:
Think® Chair and Stool Amia™ Chair and Stool Leap Chair
Technical Cycle Technical Cycle Technical Cycle
GOLD GOLD SILVER
For special For special
Combinations combinations
8 May 2013

Definition Materials Passport:
Set of data describing defined characteristics of materials in
products that give them value for recovery and reuse.
Passports are a marketplace mechanism to encourage product
designs, material recovery systems, and chain of possession
partnerships that improve the quality, value, and security of
supply for materials so they can be reused in continuous
loops or closed loops or beneficially returned to biological
systems.
For other definitions please refer to Resource Repletion, Role of Buildings, Katja
Hansen, Michael Braungart, Douglas Mulhall, The Springer Encyclopaedia of
Sustainability Science and Technology, 2012, pp. 9096-9117 ISBN 978-0-387-
89469-0
MATERIAL PASSPORTS
8 May 201334

C2C MATERIAL PASSPORTS & MATERIAL BANKING
- C2C Chair for Innovation and Quality
35 8 May 2013
Source: Based on multiple sources Source: www.ibom.biz

Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment36 8 May 2013
Source: www.youtube.com
EXAMPLE:
Maersk

3. INTEGRATE BIOLOGICAL NUTRIENTS.
Recycle biological nutrients and water by integrating topsoil and
biomass production into buildings, landscaping, and spatial plans
to generate more biomass and clean water than before
development of the site.
8 May 201337

EXAMPLE:
- QUANTIFYING NUTRIENT RECYCLING - BASIS FOR C2C
Water environment & technology 1997
38 8 May 2013
Source: HUI

EXAMPLE:
- NIOO BUILDING
39 8 May 2013
Source: http://www.nioo.knaw.nl

4. ENHANCE CLIMATE, AIR AND SOUND
QUALITY.
Actively contribute to measurably improving air quality so the
indoor air is healthier for occupants than before it entered the
building and provides a comfortable climate for occupants.
8 May 201340

EXAMPLE:
- Mosses for uptake and conversion of fine particulates
41
EXAMPLE:
8 May 2013
Source: Prof. Frahm – Uni Bonn

EXAMPLE:
- Green walls in office spaces
42
EXAMPLE:
8 May 2013
Source: http://www.truestars.nl/Page/299875_groene-wanden-mos-panelen.aspx

5. ENHANCE WATER QUALITY.
Measurably improve water quality so the water is healthier for
biological metabolisms than before it entered the building.
8 May 201343

EXAMPLE:
- COVENT GARDEN: Urban applications of bionutrient recycling in temperate
climates
EXAMPLE:
8 May 201344
Source: Steven Beckers

USE CURRENT SOLAR INCOME
6. INTEGRATE RENEWABLE ENERGY.
Integrate renewable energy (current solar and gravitational
income) into buildings and area plans so the building and site
generate more energy than they use.
8 May 201345

EXAMPLE:
- Building integrated PV in BSH building Park 20|20
46 8 May 2013
Source: http://daylightaward.nl

CELEBRATE DIVERSITY
7. ACTIVELY SUPPORT BIODIVERSITY.
Integrate measurable species diversity so the area supports more
diversity than before development.
8 May 201347

EXAMPLE:
- Ferrer Research & Development Center: Releasing endangered butterfly species
every week
EXAMPLE:
8 May 201348
Source:http://www.mcdonoughpartners.com

CELEBRATE DIVERSITY
8. CELEBRATE CONCEPTUAL DIVERSITY WITH
INNOVATION.
Focus on special beneficial features of a building and integrating
innovative components that are beneficial for the well-being of
occupants and the environment.
8 May 201349

EXAMPLE:
- Park20|20
EXAMPLE:
8 May 201350
Source: www.bouwwereld.nl

THE REGISTRY
8 May 201351
http://www.rsm.nl/research/decision-
information-sciences/research/cradle-to-
cradle-for-innovation-and-quality/registry/

“Cradle to Cradle-Inspired Element support
the C2C principles, intentions and goals of
stakeholders by integrating diverse value-
added functions. The integration of quality,
added value, and beneficial impacts.”
C2C-INSPIRED ELEMENTS
8 May 201352
Source: Building Registry

EXAMPLE OF A C2C-INSPIERED ELEMENT:
- Atrium
8 May 201353
Source: Steven Beckers

Atrium
8 May 201354

- Active Green Facade
8 May 201355
Source: www.youtube.com

“These are inexpensive quick‐win features
that inspire others to implement C2C
elsewhere. The most important ingredients;
innovation and fun!”
C2C-INSPIRED DELIGHTS
8 May 201356

EXAMPLES OF A C2C-INSPIERED DELIGHTS
- Use kinetic energy from stairs or revolving doors to operate coffee machine
8 May 201357
Source: http://inhabitat.com/energy-generating-revolving-door-by-boon-edam/

- Generating fun and electricity together: Kinetic energy dance floor
8 May 201358
Source: http://www.treehugger.com/culture/five-green-nightclubs-where-you-can-party-the-night-away.html/

- C2C-inspired Tweet or Downloadable apps or screensavers that tell a C2C-
inspired story
8 May 201359
Source: http://appyourservice.nl/portfolio/park2020-app//

PLANNING GUIDE
8 May 201360
http://www.rsm.nl/research/decision-
information-sciences/research/cradle-to-
cradle-for-innovation-and-quality/registry/

A LA CARTE APPROACH
- Modular innovation tools: appetizer - main course - desert
8 May 201361
Source: Planning Guide

FINANCIAL INNOVATION POTENTIAL
8 May 201362
Source: Planning Guide

CRADLE TO CARDLE® IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
The launch of the Cradle to Cradle Building Manual in Denmark
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5y63OEgxxjY
- William McDonough 10:10-17:50 & 22:15-28:00
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REzCGlNY3_U
- Michael Braungart 27:30-33:11 (and Douglas Mulhall)
8 May 201363

Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment

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