a short introduction to architecture, covering all the basics needed to get started on architecture. includes pictures for visual education

1. INTRODUCTIONTO
ARCHITECTURE
Yolisha Moorvan

2. INDEX
■ Slides 3-4 : Definition ofArchitecture
■ Slides 5-6 : History of Architecture
■ Slides 7-8 : The Ziggurat &The Pyramids
■ Slides 9-10 : The Importance of Architecture
■ Slides 12-15 : The Fundamentals ofArchitecture
■ Slide 16-24 : Architectural Design
■ Slide 25 : References

3. Definition :What is
Architecture?
Architecture is defined to be the “Art
and Science” that goes behind the
design of building structures.The
process of Architecture entails a
combination of planning, designing
and construction of the product.The
design activity itself is essential as it
focuses from the exterior construction
to the interior final details.

4. ARCHITECTURE
noun
/ˈɑrkəˌtɛktʃər/
The word “Architecture”
originates from the greek
culture. It has been derived
from the word “Arkhitekton”
which means “Master Builder”
in simple terms.

5. History of Architecture
Architecture has been around for many years. I believe it has
been around for as long as human life has existed. Architecture
has played a vital role in the development of history.
Architecture is said to have existed exactly 10 000 BC ( Neolithic
Period ). It was during this transitive period where people
decided to rather build their own houses than live in caves.

7. History of Architecture :
The Ziggurat and the Pyramids
The Ziggurat chronologically marks the history of architecture;
thus it is one of the most symbolic structures.The Ziggurat was
built for ritual purposes in ancient Mesopotamia and Iraq.The
structure itself is massive and resembles the structure of a
pyramid.

8. The Ziggurat
One of the unique
characteristics of the
Ziggurat was the preceding
steps that created an illusion
of the steps receding
towards the sky.Thus, the
ziggurat is said to be the link
between the earth and the
sky.
Other than its renowned
beauty, it was also ideal for
protection, as people could
run up the stairs had there
been an increase in a flood.

9. The Evolution of Architecture
Architecture continued to evolve over the years, from Roman
Civilisation, introducing Byzantine Architecture, therefore
moving onto Medieval Architecture, Baroque Architecture, and
eventually Modern and Contemporary Architecture.

11. The
Importance of
Architecture
We are surrounded by beautiful
Architecture in our everyday lives,
buildings, bridges and landmarks.
Architecture can convey a
language to us just by their
structures. For example, a busy
city with a lot of buildings speak to
us as chaotic. A city with simple
building structures often strike us
as calm and peaceful.Architecture
is important as it provides
protection, functionality and
overall, it is aesthetically pleasing.

12. The
Fundamentals
of Architecture
Any architectural structure
must include these three main
qualities:
Firmness / Protection
Functionality / Productivity
Beauty / AestheticVisuals

13. Firmness of
Architecture
Any building must be strong enough
to protect itself and others from any
natural disaster ( Earthquakes,
Tsunami, Flooding ) It must also be
able to withstand any physical
challenges faced.This is determined
by the building materials that go into
the structure.Architects must work
hand in hand with an Engineer to
determine which materials are strong
enough and which won’t work due to
its weakness. An architect must be
able to take strong materials and
design it into something aesthetically
pleasing, giving the building both
strength and beauty.

14. Functionality
and
Productivity
Architecture provides functionality
for people to sustain their everyday
needs and lifestyle. Offices and
Factories are one of the most
important buildings to date. It
creates job opportunities for people
to work in. It is not easy to work a
corporate job from your house as you
do not have the essential resources
for that. Offices allow mass
productivity and is ultimately faster.
This also applies to factories.You
cannot run a clothing company with 2
people from a small room.You need a
large building with multiple people
working together to ensure effective
results and productive business.

15. The Beauty
behind
Architecture
Appearance plays a vital if not the
most important role in the overall
building. Architects need to ensure
that, whatever they're designing, it
needs to look aesthetically pleasing
as this is the first thing people see
when looking at the structure.
Whether it is built for cultural
purposes or visual purposes, the
design adds character and
personality to the building itself.The
design can also be so powerful, that
places are defined by the
architecture of a specific building.
Examples are like theTaj Mahal in
India,The EiffelTower in Paris and
the Big Ben in London.

16. What is Architectural Design?
Architectural Design focuses on the elements of a structure, as
well as the aesthetic and function of the structure.The design of
ant structure is created to ensure that the building fits in with its
surroundings.The overall flow is important of Architectural
Design.

17. An
Architect’s 5
Phases of
Design
Schematic
Design
Design
Development
Construction
Documents
Bidding Construction
Administration

18. Pre-Design
Phase
This is considered as the preliminary planning before the
designing can take place. It requires a bit of feasibility
studying. here are a few factors that are considered in the
pre-design phase:
Site Analysis
Zoning Analysis
Project Scope
Project Goals
Building Program
Project Budgeting
Project Schedule
Selection of ProjectTeam

19. Schematic Design
This is the first phase of Design.The architect and the client
discuss all requirements needed for this project going forth. A
lot of research is done in this step, as the architect must analyse
the building zones as well as establish the location and size of
the building, as well as how it will interact with the spaces.The
schematic design determines the final shape and size of the
building, focusing on the exterior.

20. EXAMPLE OF A SCHEMATIC DESIGN

21. Design Development Phase
This phase involves the selection of materials needed, such as interior
finishes. (Windows, Doors and Appliances).The Architect and
Engineer work closely together in this phase, as the drawing is
revised by the Architect, specifying the details, and the Engineer will
advise the location of where the appliances should be situated, such
as the lighting and plumbing.The end goal of this phase is finalising
the building, as both the interior and exterior designs come together.
Usually, a 3D design is put together to visualise the final building
design.

22. Construction Documents
This is the largest and most crucial phase of the Design Process.
This is when all the plans are finalised by the department of
buildings. Both the architects and engineers finalise all the
technical design and engineering aspects of the project.The
architect must produce multiple drawings to send through for
finalising the project.

23. Bidding
This phase entails finding and securing a contractor to proceed
with the construction of the building. Bids on the project are
submitted on behalf of the contractors. Once a contractor has
been selected for the job, the architect, engineer, client and
contractor discuss any questions asked before the construction
of the project begins.

24. Construction Administration
This is the final and the longest phase. It involves the accounting
sector of the project which is managed by a chartered
accountant. Whilst this is processing, the construction
continues. the architect visits the site and overviews the project,
ensuring that the contractor is following through with the plan
discussed.

25. REFERENCES
■ THE HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE IN A NUTSHELL
In-text: (The History of Architecture in a Nutshell, 2020)
Your Bibliography: Widewalls. 2020. The History Of Architecture In A
Nutshell. [online] Available at: <https://www.widewalls.ch/the-history-of-
architecture/> [Accessed 24 March 2020].
■ ARCHITECTURE PHASES OF DESIGN, FONTAN ARCHITECTURE
In-text: (AIA, 2020)
Your Bibliography: AIA, J., 2020. Architecture Phases Of Design,
Fontan Architecture. [online] Fontan Architecture.Available at:
https://jorgefontan.com/architectural-design-phases/
[Accessed 24 March 2020].

26. THANKYOU