The document defines and explains various literary terms used to analyze and describe elements of stories, novels, plays, poems and other creative works. It discusses characters, characterization, setting, plot, conflict, climax, resolution, theme, point of view, tone, style, symbolism, figurative language such as metaphor and simile, imagery, flashbacks, foreshadowing, irony, allegory, allusion, and poetic devices including rhyme, meter and sonnets. Examples are provided to illustrate many of the terms.
“Mirror” is a short, two-stanza poem written by Sylvia Plath in 1961. “Mirror” is an exploration of uncertain self and was probably influenced by the poem of James Merrill written under the same title.Sylvia Plath's poem has her hallmark stamp of powerful language, sharp imagery and dark undertones.
Poetry can follow a strict structure, or none at all, but many different types of poems use poetic devices. Poetic devices are tools that a poet can use to create rhythm, enhance a poem's meaning, or build up a mood or feeling. These devices help piece the poem together, much like a hammer and nails join planks of wood together. Some of these devices are used in literature for the sake of clarity, This ppt will clarify all your doubts about the same
These are the most common literary terms taught in introductory English courses. If you master these, you will perform well in any high school or college English class you take. I look forward to working with you on these.
“Mirror” is a short, two-stanza poem written by Sylvia Plath in 1961. “Mirror” is an exploration of uncertain self and was probably influenced by the poem of James Merrill written under the same title.Sylvia Plath's poem has her hallmark stamp of powerful language, sharp imagery and dark undertones.
Poetry can follow a strict structure, or none at all, but many different types of poems use poetic devices. Poetic devices are tools that a poet can use to create rhythm, enhance a poem's meaning, or build up a mood or feeling. These devices help piece the poem together, much like a hammer and nails join planks of wood together. Some of these devices are used in literature for the sake of clarity, This ppt will clarify all your doubts about the same
These are the most common literary terms taught in introductory English courses. If you master these, you will perform well in any high school or college English class you take. I look forward to working with you on these.
This is "allegory" in an over- simplified nutshell. You will need to find a copy of the scorpion and the frog tale to start this out. (It's the one where the scorpion talks a frog into helping him cross the river and stings the frog half way over because it is his nature to kill.)
How to Quote and Cite PoetryYou will be required to quote and ci.docxwellesleyterresa
How to Quote and Cite Poetry
You will be required to quote and cite lines of poetry for both the Red Bird and Rose analyses. The grade for the poetry analyses will be partly determined by style and partly determined by your analysis of meaning. This PDF handout will focus on the importance of correct style.
Paragraph Basics
In order to promote clarity, each paragraph must have a topic sentence that announces the main idea of the paragraph. For smooth flow, the beginning of the topic sentence should include a transitional phrase.
To promote unity (staying on topic), all paragraphs should present only ONE idea which is supported by facts, examples, statistics or illustrations, etc... Writing unified paragraphs helps both the writer and the reader to concentrate on one point at a time. Let no detail or example creep into your paragraph if it doesn’t support the one idea, or topic sentence.
A new paragraph should result if there is a shift of subject, idea, emphasis, speaker, time, or place. In other words, keep one idea per paragraph.
Introducing Quotes
Readers should be able to move from your own words to the words you quote from a source without feeling a jolt. So introduce all your quotes with signal phrases, usually including the author’s name, to prepare readers for the source:
According to ornithologist Jay Sheppard, “The bald eagle seems to have stabilized its population, at the very least, almost everywhere” (96).
Although the bald eagle is still listed as an endangered species, it “seems to have stabilized its population, at the very least, almost everywhere” (Sheppard 96).
To avoid monotony and excessive repetition, try to vary your signal phrases. Below is a list of appropriate phrases you can use to introduce a quote: acknowledges, adds, admits, agrees, argues, asserts, believes, claims, comments, compares, confirms, contends, declares, denies, disputes, emphasizes, endorses, grants, illustrates, implies, insists, notes, observes, points out, reasons, refutes, rejects, reports, responds, states, suggests, thinks, writes.
(Work Cited - Hacker, Diana. Instructor’s Edition: Rules for Writers. 5th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2004.)
Introducing Lines of Verse *
Here are a few examples on h
ow to introduce lines of verse. (Source: WikiHow. Please visit the
webpage (link below) to read more about quoting and citing poetry):
Example: Robert Frost uses a variety of words and phrases such as “frozen” (7), “darkest
evening” (8), and “before I sleep” (15) to imply thoughts of solitude and the
desire to not return to his obligations.
Example: The notion of solitude appears in many notable poems including the famous
lines, "The woods are lovely, dark, and deep / But I have promises to keep / And
miles to go before I sleep" (Frost 13-15).
Example: Robert Frost writes about solitude and man’s relationship with nature:
Whose woods these are I think I know.
His house is in the village, though;
He will not see me stopping ...
Imagery, symbolism, and allusionImageryImagery refers MalikPinckney86
Imagery, symbolism, and allusion
Imagery
Imagery refers to the creation of mental images – sight, sound, taste, touch – through words.
Imagery is related to the themes and ideas of a poem. Poets use imagery to create an experience that opens the reader up to the poem’s themes and ideas.
Types of imagery
Visual imagery uses words to create sights. In Pound’s “In a Station of the Metro,” the visual is that of faces in a station crowd. In Pound’s image, these faces are “Petals on a wet, black bough” (line 2).
Auditory imagery captures sounds. In “Preludes,” Eliot’s images of the city include the familiar sounds of inner-city life:
The showers beat
On broken blinds and chimney-pots,
And at the corner of the street
A lonely cab-horse steams and stamps. (lines 9 – 12)
Types of imagery
Olfactory imagery uses smell to create an experience. It’s quite direct in Eliot’s “Preludes”: “The winter evening settles down / With smell of steaks in passageways” (lines 1-2). And again: “The morning comes to consciousness / Of faint stale smells of beer” (14-15).
Gustatory imagery describes tastes. In “Ode to a Nightingale,” Keats describes pining for the taste of wine thus: “O, for a draught of vintage! that hath been / Cool’d a long age in the deep-delved earth, / Tasting of Flora and the country green” (lines 11 – 13).
Types of imagery
Tactile imagery relates to touch and texture. Eliot’s “Preludes” creates a cycle of urban life that connects day and night, work and rest, using images:
Sitting along the bed’s edge, where
You curled the papers from your hair
Or clasped the yellow soles of feet
In the palms of both soiled hands. (lines 35-38)
Kinetic imagery is images of general motion, while kinesthetic imagery is images of human or animal movement. In “Sonnet 130,” Shakespeare describes the awkward walk of his beloved: “My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground” (line 12).
Symbolism
Symbolism is the use of symbols to create meaning in an imaginative way.
A symbol is a thing that represents something else. Think of symbolism as using code to express ideas.
A word, an action, a setting, a character, a situation – all of these can be symbolic and, as symbols, significant to the themes and ideas of a work.
Symbolism
Symbols are often indirect and subtle. For example, one wouldn’t say that a character’s cough is a symbol for the character’s illness. The cough is a symptom of the illness and directly related to it.
Be careful how you use the terms “symbolism,” “symbolize,” and “symbol.” Often students use “symbolizes” when they actually mean “represents” in the general sense.
Identifying symbolism and symbols in works of literature is interpretation, and, like all interpretation, it must be supported by the text.
symbolism
Cultural or universal symbols are symbols that are common and easily recognized. Spring as a symbol for new life is a cultural/universal symbol.
Contextual, private, or authorial symbols are sy ...
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
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Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. Literary Terms
Characters
People in a story, play,
novel
Major Characters
most important
Minor Characters
less important
3. Literary Terms
Characterization – The way the author
presents the personality of a character.
Directly - describing the character
Indirectly - by showing the character’s actions,
speech, and thoughts and how they affect the
other characters.
Character Traits – the qualities that a
character possesses.
4. Literary Terms
Setting
Time, place, and
general environment of
a story.
When and where
Established through
description
Creates a certain
atmosphere or mood
5. Literary Terms
Plot
sequence of events in a short story, novel, play, or poem.
Subplot
minor plot in a story that is usually related to the main plot and
supports the main plot.
Major Elements of the Plot:
- Conflict
- Rising Action
- Climax
- Resolution
6. Literary Terms
Conflict
Problem in a story.
Internal Conflict
Struggle in the mind of a character
who must resolve something.
External Conflict
Struggle between characters;
between characters and a force of
nature
7. Literary Terms
Rising Action
Action builds and a problem or
conflict develops.
Climax
Problem reaches a high point and
the outcome becomes known.
9. Literary Terms
Theme
Main idea
Message the writer conveys
Whole story, title, plot, characters, setting, and
mood.
10. Literary Terms
Point of View
Who is telling the story?
1st Person
Narrator is usually a character in the story. (uses the
pronouns “I” or “we”).
3rd Person
Most common
Narrator may or may not be a character in the story.
(uses the pronouns “he,” “she,” or “they”),
11. Literary Terms
Tone
Attitude that the writer
narrator or characters
take toward the
subject
Establishes the
mood & atmosphere
Serious, playful,
humorous, angry
12. Literary Terms
Style
The way the author
expresses his/her ideas
Symbol
Something that has
meaning in itself but
also means something
else. Ex. A dove is a
sign of peace.
13. Literary Terms
Figurative language
Words used in a special way to add meaning.
Bold Words!
Metaphor
comparison between two unlike things. Ex. Her
eyes were stars in the midnight sky.
Simile
two things are compared using “as,” or “like.”
Ex. Her eyes sparkled like diamonds.
15. Literary Terms
Imagery
Words that create
mental pictures
Images, that appeal to
one or more the
readers five senses.
Ex. “ The moon floated
above the clouds like a
ship lost on the stormy
seas.”
16. Literary Terms
Flashback
Interrupts the present action in a story to tell
about something that happened in the past.
(The movie “The Notebook”)
Foreshadowing
Hints in a story that give the reader advance
warning of events to come.
17. Literary Terms
Irony
contrast or difference between what you think
will happen & what actually happens
A situation is ironic when it is totally different
from what the reader or character expected.
18. Literary Terms
Allegory
Characters and setting
represent moral
qualities
Allusion
Reference to a person
or place which the
reader is familiar with
24. Literary Terms – Poetry
Ballad
Narrative poem written in rhythmic stanzas
Old form of Poetry (originally sung)
Emotion and adventure
Couplet
2 consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme
25. Literary Terms – Poetry
Descriptive poem
Short poem
Reveals the poet’s
feelings about what is
being described
26. Literary Terms – Poetry
Free verse
No regular sequence or
pattern of rhythm
Light verse
Amusing
27. Literary Terms – Poetry
Nonsense verse
Humor results from unusual
rhythm, play on words, or
absurd ideas.
Lyric poetry
Expresses the poet’s feelings
Short
Reaction to an experience
28. Literary Terms – Poetry
Narrative poem
tells a story
Quatrain
stanza of four lines
Refrain
a line or phrase repeated at regular points in a
poem (usually at the end of each stanza)
29. Literary Terms – Poetry
Rhyme
Repetition of words or syllables with a similar
sound
Internal rhyme – words rhyme within the same line of
a poem
Rhyme scheme
pattern of rhyme (indicated by letters – a,b,c,d…etc)
• Where have these hands been - a
• By what delayed - b
• That so long stayed - b
• Apart from the thin - a
30. Literary Terms – Poetry
Sonnet
14 line poem
written in iambic pentameter
expresses a single complete
idea
Iambic meter – every two
syllables = one foot
31. Shakespeare’s Sonnet 2
1.When forty winters shall besiege thy brow,
2. And dig deep trenches in thy beauty's field,
3. Thy youth's proud livery so gazed on now,
4. Will be a totter'd weed of small worth held:
5. Then being asked, where all thy beauty lies,
6. Where all the treasure of thy lusty days;
7. To say, within thine own deep sunken eyes,
8. Were an all-eating shame, and thriftless praise.
9. How much more praise deserv'd thy beauty's use,
10. If thou couldst answer 'This fair child of mine
11. Shall sum my count, and make my old excuse,'
12. Proving his beauty by succession thine!
13. This were to be new made when thou art old,
14. And see thy blood warm when thou feel'st it cold.
32. Analysis – Shakespeare’s Sonnet 2
The poet looks ahead to the time when the youth will
have aged, and uses this as an argument to urge him to
waste no time, and to have a child who will replicate his
father and preserve his beauty. The imagery of ageing
used is that of siege warfare, forty winters being the
besieging army, which digs trenches in the fields before
the threatened city. The trenches correspond to the
furrows and lines which will mark the young man's
forehead as he ages. He is urged not to throw away all
his beauty by devoting himself to self-pleasure, but to
have children, thus satisfying the world, and Nature,
which will keep an account of what he does with his life.