The document discusses the basic elements of poetry, including rhythm, meter, stanza, rhyme, and theme. It then explains common figures of speech used in poetry such as metaphor, simile, personification, and onomatopoeia. The document provides examples to illustrate each of the elements and figures of speech.

1. The Basic Elements
of Poetry and Air
Castles.

2. Questions:
1. It refers to the time and place that the event(s) in the
story take place
2. This element refers to the topic that the writer writes
or comments on in his or her writing.
3. It refers to the tension, the fight or the struggle
between the various characters or forces in the story.
4. It refers to the flow of events in the story.
5. It is the most exciting part of a story. It refers to
when the conflict is about to or is getting resolved.

4. Have you ever dreamt to be a
renowned educator? Why?

5. What moves you to achieve and
attain that dream?

6. Match the appropriate meaning of the underlined word from Column A to column B.
A B
1. He beckoned her daughter to follow him. A. Preventing success or achievement.
2. The dell serves as the habitat of these animals. B. search blindly with the hands
3. The blind man gropes the hands of her wife. C. A small crown.
4. The poet received their coronet for his
remarkable writings.
D.A figurative word of expression
5. Swords are being wrought to achieve its form. E. Make a gesture with the hand to come.
6. Her enemy adversely destroyed her dream. F. To beat hard and with force.
7. He created numerous tropes for his poem. G. A small valley with trees.

7. My life's tomorrow beckons me
From distant mountains high and low
My future seems a boundless sea
When moving passions come and go.
Deep in my heart Ambition dwells
He cheers me up the highland way
And guides me through the hills and dells
Wherein i pass the busy day.
I cannot write with Shakespeare's pen
But i can write with Shakespeare's heart
I love his skill, his craft of men
His mastery of poet's art.
I do not care for fame as he
Enthroned was he, like unto a God
the depth he reached are dark to me
But i will grope the ways he trod.
I wear achievement's coronet.
For blest are they who see things done
and all my cares i soon forget
When i have wrought my work alone.
If i be met by adverse fate
And all my dreams be but in vain
then i will work harder yet
with high resolve to try again.
Reference: http://tayoymgapinoy.blogspot.com/2011/09/air-cstles-
juan-f-salazar.htm
Air Castles
(Juan F. Salazar)

9. Introduction
• Poetry is the other way of using language.Perhaps in some hypothetical
beginning of things it was the only way of using language or simply was
language tout court, prose being the derivative and younger rival.
• Both poetry and language are fashionably thought to have belonged to ritual
in early agricultural societies; and poetry in particular, it has been claimed,
arose at first in the form of magical spells recited to ensure a good harvest.
Whatever the truth of this hypothesis, it blurs a useful distinction: by the time
there begins to be a separate class of objects called poems, recognizable as
such, these objects are no longer much regarded for their possible yam-
growing properties, and such magic as they may be thought capable of has
retired to do its business upon the human spirit and not directly upon the
natural world outside.

10. • Rhythm is the pattern of sound created by the varying length and emphasis given to
different syllables. The rise and fall of spoken language is called its cadence.
• Meter is the basic structural make-up of the poem. Do the syllables match with each
other? Every line in the poem must adhere to this structure. A poem is made up of
blocks of lines, which convey a single strand of thought. Within those blocks, a structure
of syllables which follow the rhythm has to be included. This is the meter or the metrical
form of poetry.
• Stanza is defined as a smaller unit or group of lines or a paragraph in a poem. A
particular stanza has a specific meter, rhyme scheme, etc. Based on the number of lines,
stanzas are named as couplet (2 lines), Tercet (3 lines), Quatrain (4 lines), Cinquain (5
lines), Sestet (6 lines), Septet (7 lines), Octave (8 lines).
• Rhyme A poem may or may not have a rhyme. When you write poetry that has rhyme, it
means that the last words or sounds of the lines match with each other in some form.
• Theme: This is what the poem is all about. The theme of the poem is the central idea
that the poet wants to convey. It can be a story, or a thought, or a description of
something or someone; anything that the poem is about.

11. Figures of Speech
•is the use of a word or a phrase, which ascend from its
literal interpretation.
•It can also be a special repetition, arrangement or
omission of words with literal meaning, or a phrase with
a specialized meaning not based on the literal meaning
of the words.

12. 1. Metaphor - No words such as `like` or `as` are used to make a
comparison of things.
Ex. Thine eyes are stars of morning.
2. Simile - This is an expressed comparison using `like` or `as` and,
often, `as if.`
Ex. Thy soul was like a star.
3. Personification - This makes a person out of abstract ideas and things
without life.
Ex. Sport that wrinkled Care derides.

13. 4. Metonymy - This consists of mentioning one or two things or ideas that
are so closely associated that the mention of one suggests
the other.
Ex. A troop of a thousand bayonets. A fleet of thirty ships.
5. Onomatopoeia - This is known as imitative harmony
- words which produce a sound to imitate the word.
Ex. crash, swish, splash
6. Alliteration - This is when words are used in a series but have the same
initial sound.
Ex. The big, black, bounding bear moved across the park.

14. 7. Irony - the use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite
of its literal meaning
Ex. “How nice!” when I said I had to work all weekend.
8. Hyperbole - A hyperbole is an extreme exaggeration used to make a
point
Ex. I am so hungry I could eat a horse.
9. Synecdoche - It can use a word or phrase as a class that will express less or
more than the word or phrase actually means.
- A synecdoche may use part of something to represent the
entire whole.
Ex. The sail will be departing on West Virginia.

15. 1. What is the poem all about? Can you give some
credible evidences that can be drawn from the lines?
2. What is the dream all about? Can you cite a line that
can prove it?
3. How the writer expressed his admiration for
Shakespeare?
4. Why do you think this poem is entitled “Air castles”?
5. What human values were incorporated in this poem?
What kind of individual was presented in the poem?

16. •Choose a song genre (rap, jazz or rock etc. and be
able to arrive with a song rendition of “Air
castles".
•Using the provided cartolina and marker, make a
quotation or slogan that best described the poem
of Juan Salazar.
•Reflect on the poem, device a skit that shows the
perseverance of an individual to attain his dreams
and goals.

17. Answer these questions on a ½ sheet of pad paper
(crosswise). Five (5) points each.
1.Imagine that Salazar and Shakespeare meet in heaven.
What do you think Salazar will say to Shakespeare and
What do you think will be the response of Sir William
Shakespeare to him?

18. A.Look for poem and be able
to analyze it with the help of
different elements of poetry.