The document provides an overview of English colonization in North America from 1607 to 1763. It summarizes key events including the founding of Jamestown in 1607, the establishment of representative government through the Virginia House of Burgesses, the Mayflower Compact and founding of Plymouth colony in 1620, the spread of different religious beliefs to different colonies, the growth of the slave trade and plantation economy, and the development of distinct economies in the North and South by the 1700s. It also discusses the economic system of mercantilism and the restrictions it placed on colonial trade.

1. Colonization
(1607-1763)

2. Names for England
- England
- Great Britain
- Britain
- British
- English

3. 1. Reasons for English
Colonization
• Social-
• Economic-
• Religious-
(Glory)
(Gold)
(God)

4. 8. Mercantilism
• Economic system where colony can
only trade with Mother Country
(England). Hurt the colony’s economy

5. 2. Jamestown, Virginia- 1607
• First permanent English
settlement in North America.
Hardships
- Undrinkable Water
- Disease
- Swampy Land
- Indian Attacks
- Starvation (FAMINE)

6. 3. Virginia House of Burgesses
• First representative assembly
in the colonies.
Representative =
Someone who is
selected to speak
for the people

7. 5. Representative Government
• Power is held by the people who
elect representatives to look out
for their interests.

8. Fundamental Orders of
Connecticut
• Wrote by Thomas Hooker
• The first CONSTITUTION written
in the Colonies
Constitution= a plan
for how your
government works

9. 4. 1620
• Founding of Plymouth Bay Colony
• Pilgrims escape religious persecution
• They signed the Mayflower Compact-
Early example of self government.
Persecution= being treated
badly because of your beliefs

10. Religion in the
Colonies
Massachusetts – The Pilgrims
were PURITANS and did not
allow any other beliefs.
Rhode Island – Roger Williams and
Anne Hutchinson created a
colony of RELIGIOUS
FREEDOM. (Est. future
principle)
Pennsylvania – The Quakers lead
by William Penn believed in
PEACE no matter what
Maryland – CATHOLICS came here
so they could practice there
beliefs.

11. Triangular Trade
• Buying and selling of
humans for forced labor.
Middle
Passage
The terrible journey for
slaves from Africa to
America. Packed,
dirty ships with little
food.

12. 10. Colonial Economies
• Northern- Industrial,
ship building, fishing.
• Southern- Agricultural.
Economy: crops like cotton,
indigo, corn, tobacco, grain,
rice
WHY? Rich soil and flat lands
Economy: Factories Textiles,
Lumber, Merchants (trading)
WHY? Rocky soil and hills

13. 6. Plantations
• Large farms that
usually grow one
kind of cash crop.
• Like small cities
with a Church,
butcher, and
everything you
need
• Used slaves as
main labor

14. 7. Cash Crops
• Grown in large fields to make
money. Harvested by slaves.

15. 11. Free Enterprise
• Economic system where there
is competition between
businesses with little
governmental control.

16. Revolution
(1763 to 1783)

17. Causes of War:
1. Colonist wanted to
move west into French
land.
2. Made France mad.
3. War started
French and IndiansVS British and
Colonists
French and Indian War

18. - Wrote by
Benjamin
Franklin
- Colonies unite
to Fight French
Albany Plan of Union

19. Effect of the French and Indian War
• England Wins
• Doubles size
of Colonial
Land
• England has
HUGE debt

20. Problems from French & Indian War
Proclamation of 1776
Proclamation Line
=
England’s war debt
means higher taxes
for colonies.

21. “Taxation Without Representation”
Colonies were most
angry about not having
a representative in
Parliament.
Parliament=
England’s
representatives.
They decide
taxes and laws.

22. 13. King George III
• King of
England
during the
American
Revolution.

23. 1.Navigation Acts
2.Proclamation of 1763
3.Sugar Act (Tax)
4.Stamp Act
(Tax on paper)
6.Boston Massacre
5.Townshend Acts
(Group of Taxes)
7. Tea Act
8.Boston Tea Party
9.Intolerable Acts
(Blockade on
Massachusetts)
“Taxation without representation!”
Causes of American Revolution

24. Boston Massacre
Bloody Massacre
• Violence in Boston killed
Crispus Attucks and fueled
the fire for revolution.

25. Two types of Colonists
Loyalist Patriot
Stay with
ENGLAND!!
REVOLUTION!
Revolution=
A major change

26. 15. Samuel Adams
• Opposed British
taxation.
• Helped form the
Sons of Liberty.
Sons of Liberty=
a group who wanted
REVOLUTION.
Responsible for the
Boston Tea Party

27. 16. Patrick Henry
Known for his
“Give Me Liberty
Or Give Me Death”
speech.

28. 17. Thomas Paine
• Wrote
“Common
Sense” which
gave reasons
to fight for
independence.

29. Declaration of Independence (1776)
- Letter to the King from
the Colonies
- A break up letter
Listed the Grievances:
1. Tax w/out Reps
2. King has all power
3. Protesting Illegal
4. Search w/no warrant
5. Quartering of troops
6. No trial by jury

30. 18. Thomas Jefferson
• Wrote the Declaration
of Independence in
1776.
• Believed all humans
had Unailienable
Rights: Life, liberty,
and the pursuit of
happiness.

31. Unalienable Rights
• Rights that cannot be taken
away.
• All people’s God given rights
when they are born.
• In the Declaration of
Independence they are-
“Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit
of Happiness”

32. 20. George Washington
• Commander
of the
Continental
Army.

33. Battle of Lexington and Concord
• Opening battles of the American Revolution.
• Looking for Samuel Adams, John Hancock and
Weapons
• “Shot heard around the world”
Start of the REVOLUTIONARY WAR
(1775)

34. Battle of Saratoga
• Battle which was the turning
point of the revolution.
• France began to help the
colonies after this victory.
Victory

35. 23. Benjamin Franklin
• Helped
convince
France to
help the
colonists
fight the
British.

36. Winter at Valley Forge
• Where Washington’s army spent a difficult
winter but emerged a stronger force.
• Training = Stronger Army

37. Battle of Yorktown
• Ended the American Revolution.
• Cornwallis (British General) surrenders

38. Treaty of Paris(1781)
• British recognized American independence.
• Mississippi River became the western
border of the U.S.
United States

39. the Constitution
(1783 to 1803)

40. Articles of Confederation
• 1st U.S. Constitution
• Weak National government.
Enforce
laws
Power to
tax
National
Courts
National
Army
Remember:
Constitution means
a plan for how the
government works

41. Northwest Ordinance
• Set up an orderly system to
bring in new states.

42. Shays’ Rebellion
Events:
1. Farmers rebel because of
taxes
2. Federal Government
cannot stop them
3. Congress realizes Articles
of Confederation sucks.

43. Convention of 1787
Philadelphia Convention
• Called to revise the Articles of Confederation
• Trashed the Articles of Confederation
• New Constitution was written.

44. -Wrote the
Virginia Plan
-Father of the
Constitution
James Madison
-Studied for a
whole year about history and politics

45. Virginia Plan
New Jersey
Plan
- 3 Branches
- # of Reps
based on
population
- 3 Branches
- Equal #of
reps for all
states
Two different plans for New
Constitution

46. Great Compromise: 1787
(Mixed the Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan)
This is bi-cameral:
Two houses of Congress
Article 1
Article 2 Article 3

47. Makes Laws
Makes Taxes
CongressLegislative Branch:
Job:

48. Enforce Laws/Command Army
PresidentExecutive Branch:
Job:

49. Interpret (explain) the laws
All courtsJudicial Branch:
Job:
Highest Court: Supreme Court
Highest Judge: Chief Justice

50. Three-Fifths Compromise
• Settled how slaves would be counted
for taxation and representation
purposes.
• Every 5 slaves would be counted as 3
people in population

51. 1787
2 Groups fought over
the ratification of the
Constitution
Federalist Anti-Federalist
• Liked the
Constitution as it
waswritten
• Believed in a
stronger Federal
government
• Against the
Constitution.
• Feared a loss of states
rights
• Wanted a Bill of Rights

52. Federalist Papers
Written by these guys to
convince anti-federalist
to ratify the Constitution
James Madison
Alexander
Hamilton
John Jay

53. Patrick Henry
-Gave speeches against
RATIFICATION
-Did not go to the
Constitutional Convention
because he “smelled a rat”
George
Mason
-Leader of the Anti-
Federalist
-Believed in restricting the
federal governments
power
-Wanted a Bill of Rights for
peoples protection
-Virginia Delegate
Anti-Federalist

54. Bill of Rights
• First 10 Amendments to the Constitution.
• Protects Unalienable rights.
1. Freedom of speech, press,
assembly, religion, petition
2. Right to bear arms
3. No quartering of soldiers
4. No search and seizure w/out
warrant
5. Right to due process / remain
silent
6. Right to a speedy trial
7. Right to a trial by jury
8. No cruel and unusual
punishment
9. You have more rights then
these
10. Rights not given to the
Federal government is given to
the states

55. 7 principles of the
Constitution

56. 1. Limited Government
• All authority
figures must
obey the law.

57. 40. Republicanism
• People hold the power through
the election of representatives.
People Elect Representatives

58. 41. Checks and Balances
• Prevents one branch of the
government from becoming too
powerful.
EXAMPLES:

59. 42. Federalism
• The sharing of power between a
national government and states.

60. 43. Separation of Powers
• Each branch of the government is
assigned specific powers.
L
Make
Laws
E
Carries
out
Laws
J
Court
System

61. 44. Popular Sovereignty
• Political power rests with the
people.
• Exercised through voting.
Power of
the People

62. 2/3 of
States-OR-
Ratified by
¾ States
Amendment Process
2/3 of
Congress

63. Early Nation

64. 1789
George
Washington
-Sets Precedents
-Creates cabinet
-Neutrality
-Farewell Adress
First president-

66. Hamilton’s - 4 part Financial plan
Part 1: Pay off War Debt
Part 2: Whisky Tax
Part 3: Protective
Tariffs
Part 4: Create a
National Bank

67. 48. Bank of the United States
• Bank chartered by the National government to
provide bank notes to be used as money and to
regulate state banks.
• A big fight between Jefferson and Hamilton

68. Whisky Rebellion
• Americans near Pennsylvania angered by
the tax on Whisky
• Stopped by the Federal Government
(Different then Shay’s Rebellion)

69. A Fight Started
V.S.
America says,
“Neutrality!
”

70. Washington’s Farewell Address
• Warned against political parties, foreign entanglements,
regional differences, and having a debt.
1. Alliances that will drag us to war
2. Political parties that will tear us a part
3. Sectionalism or Geographical differences
4. Getting into Debt

71. John Adams
-2nd President
- XYZ Affair
- Sedition Acts

72. XYZ Affair
3. -American’s want
war
- Adam’s wants
peace
1. France stealing
US ship cargo
2. Adams sends reps to France
4. Adams signs treaty
5.Americans write bad
stuff about Adams

73. Alien and
Sedition
ActsAdams has congress make a law
that makes it illegal to speak
against the government.
Against 1st Amendment right.

74. Thomas Jefferson
-3rd President
-Louisiana Purchase
-Louis and Clark
- Embargo act of 1807
-Believed in Neutrality

75. • Thomas Jefferson buys the Louisiana
Territory from France for $15 million.
• Doubled the size of the U.S.
Louisiana Purchase - 1803

76. Lewis and Clark
Sacagawea

77. British ships started to stop
American ships to look for
soldiers who ran away from
Britain.
They also started to
kidnap US sailors and
force them to fight with
them.
Impressments

78. Embargo
Act
To stop this from
happening Jefferson
made the....
This act said that ships
could not trade with
anybody from Europe.
This act did not work and
really hurt the Economy

79. Marburyv Madison
• John Marshall-Supreme
Court case which est.
Judicial Review.
( Constitutionality of the
Law)
• Supreme Court can declare
a law unconstitutional.
M&M’s = Jolly Ranchers
Marbury vs. Madison = Judicial Review

80. James Madison
-4thPresident
-War of 1812
1st to declare war

81. Causes of the War of 1812
1. Impressments
2. England encouraging
Indian attacks
3. England blocking trade
with France
4. Warhawks – Like Calhoun

82. U.S. win the War of 1812
This starts the Era of Good Feelings

83. James Monroe
-5th President
-Monroe Doctrine
-Missouri Compromise

84. 53. James Monroe
• His doctrine
stated
European
countries
were to stay
out of the
Western
Hemisphere.

85. Missouri Compromise (1820)
• Missouri- slave state. Maine free state.
• First sectional issue between the North and
South.
• More states mean more power in Congress.

86. Henry Clay
-Congressman
-Nicknamed
the “great
compromiser”
-Wrote the
Missouri

87. Industrial
Revolution

88. 56. Industrial Revolution
• Production of goods and products
in factories by machines.
• Led to more goods being produced
at lower prices.

89. 57. Urbanization
• Major movement of people from
rural (Countryside) to cities
(urban).

90. 58. Interchangeable Parts
• Eli Whitney.
• Parts are made exactly the same to make
it easier to replace defective parts.

91. 59. Agricultural Inventions
• Cotton Gin- Eli
Whitney- Created a
demand for slaves.
• Steel Plow- John
Deere- Increased
agricultural
production.
• Mechanical Reaper-
Cyrus McCormick-
Increased grain
production.

92. 60. Transportation
• Steamboat- Robert Fulton.
Decreased travel time on water.
• Canals- Man made waterways
found mainly in the Northeast.
Connected cities by water.
• Railroads- Fastest form of
transportation on land. Led to
growth of cities and westward
expansion.

93. 61. Commerce
• McCulloch v. Maryland-
Supreme Court case
which stated Congress
had the power to carry
out its power stated in
the Constitution.
• Gibbons v. Ogden-
Supreme Court case
which stated Congress
could regulate interstate
commerce.
Maryland,
you can’t
tax the
Bank of
the U.S.

94. 62. Improvement in
Communication
• Telegraph- Samuel Morse.
Allowed people to communicate
over long distances.

95. Manifest
Destiny

96. 63. Manifest Destiny
• Belief that the U.S. was destined to
run from the Atlantic to the Pacific
Oceans.

97. 64. U.S.-Mexican War
• Occurred over the annexation
(addition) of Texas.
• After its victory, the U.S. acquired most
of the present day American Southwest
(Mexican Cession).

98. Age of Jackson
and Reform
Movements

99. 65. Andrew Jackson
• His election was
one for the
Common Man.
• Believed in a
strong national
government.
• Hero of the Battle
of New Orleans.

100. 66. Democratic Party
• Revolved around the beliefs of
Jackson.
• Strong Federal Government.
• Supported by Southerners and slave
owners.

101. 67. Daniel Webster
• Represented the viewpoint of the North.
• Believed in preserving the Union was
most important.
Remember what George
Washington said about
what geographical
differences will do to our
country.

102. 68. Henry Clay
• “Great Compromiser”.
• Worried how the spread of slavery would
affect Western Territories.
Lets make a
deal.

103. 69. John C. Calhoun
• Represented the South.
• From South Carolina.
• Believed in slavery and states’ rights.
Long live
slavery and
states’ rights!

104. 70. Protective Tariff
• Tax on
imports meant
to protect U.S.
industries.
• Made imports
more
expensive and
encouraged
people to buy
products
made in the
U.S.

105. 71. States’ Rights
• Belief that
states don’t
have to
follow
Federal law if
that state
feels that law
violates the
Constitution.

106. 72. Nullification Crisis
• Occurred when
South Carolina
refused to enforce
the Protective Tariff
of 1828.
• President Jackson
threatened to
enforce the tariff
• South Carolina
threatened to
secede from the
Union.

107. 73. Indian Removal Act of 1830
• All Indians East
of the Mississippi
would be moved
to Indian Territory
(Oklahoma)
• The Indian’s land
was wanted for
farming.

108. 74. Trail of Tears
• The Cherokee Indians were forced to
march to Indian Territory.
• One fourth of them died on the trip.

109. 75. Reform Movements
• Women’s Rights-
Led by Elizabeth
Cady Stanton. The
“Declaration of
Sentiments” from
the Seneca Falls
Convention called
for equal rights for
women.

110. 75 Reform Movements
• Public
(Common)
School- Led by
Horace Mann.
Called for
education for
all students
regardless of
background.

111. 75. Reform Movements
• Temperance-
Against the
abuse of alcohol.
Believed it
caused problems
like family
violence and
poverty.

112. 75. Reform Movements
• Abolitionist-
Wanted to do
away with
slavery. Found
in the North.

113. 75. Reform Movements
• Mental Illness and
Prison Reform-
Dorothea Dix.
Wanted to
improved
conditions for the
mentally ill and
better treatment
of prisoners.

114. TheComing of
The Civil War

115. 55. Sectionalism
• When one part of the country
looks out for its own interests.

116. 76. Frederick Douglass
• Former
slave who
spoke
against
slavery and
for human
rights.

117. 77. Compromise of 1850
• California admitted as a free state.
• Strengthened Fugitive Slave Law.

118. 78. Uncle Tom’s Cabin
• Written by Harriet
Beecher Stowe.
• Antislavery novel
which caused
many Northerners
to oppose
slavery.

119. 79. Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Allowed Popular Sovereignty to
determine legality of slavery in these
territories.
• Led to violence.

120. 80. Dred Scott v Sanford
• Supreme Court case which stated
slaves were not citizens.

121. 81. Election of 1860
• Abraham Lincoln elected president.
• Caused Southern states to secede from
the Union.

122. 82. Lincoln’s Inaugural
Addresses
• First Inaugural
Address- North would
leave slavery alone
but would act to
preserve the Union.
• Second Inaugural
Address- Wanted to
treat the Southern
states without malice
after the Civil War.

123. Civil War

124. 83. 1861-1865
• Years of the Civil War.

125. 84. Confederate States of America
• Formed by former Southern states.

126. 85. Jefferson Davis
• President of the Confederate
States.

127. 86. Ulysses S. Grant
• Commander
of Union
(North) forces
during the
Civil War.

128. 87. Robert E. Lee
• Commander
of the
Confederate
(South) forces
during the
Civil War.

129. 88. Fort Sumter
• Opening battle of the Civil War.

130. 89. Battle of Gettysburg
• Northern victory which was the
turning point of the war in the East.
• Southern troops withdrew.

131. 90. Gettysburg Address
• Speech by Lincoln which reaffirmed
the North’s commitment to winning the
war.

132. 91. Battle of Vicksburg
• Northern victory which was the turning
point of the war in the West.
• North controlled the Mississippi River.

133. 92. Emancipation Proclamation
• Issued by
Lincoln.
• Freed the
slaves in the
rebelling
states (south).

134. 93. Appomattox Court House
• Civil War ended with a Union victory
when Lee surrendered to Grant.

135. Reconstruction

136. 94. Reconstruction Amendments
• 13th- Ended slavery
and made it illegal.
• 14th- Defined
citizenship and
gave equal protect
under the law.
• 15th- Granted Black
men the right to
vote.

137. 95. Andrew Johnson
• Became
President after
Lincoln’s
assassination.
Wanted to treat
the South
leniently.

138. 96. Black Codes
• Passed by
Southern states
to limit the civil
rights and
freedom of the
freedmen.
To all Freedmen:
Any Freedman
found without a
job will be fined
and possibly
jailed!

139. 97. Freedman’s Bureau
• Created to help
freedmen
adjust and to
set up schools
to educate
them. They
were given
food, clothing
and medical
care.

140. 98. Homestead Act
• Allowed any
citizen to own 160
acres of land if
they lived on it for
5 years and
improved it.
Contributed to
people moving
westward.

141. 99. Morrill Act
• Gave each state
30,000 acres of
federal land
times the
number of its
members of
Congress.
States could
sell land to fund
public colleges.
Colleges Established Under
the Morrill Act
•Iowa State
•Kansas State
•Michigan State
•Rutgers University
•Penn State University
•University of Vermont
•University of Minnesota
•University of Missouri
•University of Wisconsin

142. 100. Dawes Act
• Broke up Indian
tribes and
promoted the
assimilation of
Native Americans
into American
society. Caused
Indians to lose
most of their
lands.

143. Maps To Know

144. Maps To Know