1. Chapter 13: The Spread of Chinese Civilization: Japan, Korea, and Vietnam Vivian Lin Colin Lu Jasmine Nguyen BasheerRydhan Heng Li Bethany Luu Christine Nguyen Joey Thai

2. Japan

3. Japan: The Imperial Age

6. Confucian ways (characters)

7. Chinese-style temples

8. Buddhist arts

9. Peasants

10. Turned to Buddhist monks for help

12. Crisis at Nara and the Shift of Heian (Kyoto) Taika reforms were disrupted by aristocratic families and Buddhist monastic orders

15. Crisisat Nara and the Shift of Heian (Kyoto) Emperor abandoned Taika reforms NO limited power on aristocrats -> restored aristocrat families, who took over gov. positions NO rank by birth -> little mobility NO peasant conscript army -> local leaders organize forces

16. NOTESUltracivilized: Court Life in the Heian Era Court culture – refined Cent. during Heian era – lived in a world of luxury and aesthetic* delights Social status = everything Affairs such as dating and marrying were a very important thing! *Aesthetic = the nature of beauty, art, and taste

17. Ultracivilized: Court Life in the Heian Era Imperial household and aristocratic lived in palaces with gardens Wood buildings Sliding panels Matted floors

18. Ultracivilized: Court Life in the Heian Era Chinese characters simplified -> outpouring of poetic and literary works Poetry was used to express feelings such as happiness, pleasure, love, etc. Verse poems – most valued art at court

19. Ultracivilized: Court Life in the Heian Era The Tale of Genji The Tale of Genji:written by Lady Mutasaki The first novel in any language According to the novel: Women were seen as equally dignified as men. Usually taught to play musical instruments and write poetry ALSO had power struggles like everywhere else.

20. The Decline of Imperial Power

21. Era of warrior dominance

22. NOTES: The Era of Warrior Dominance Power of provincial lords increase – power of imperial and court decline Powerful families… depend on alliances + take positions in bureaucracy + competing for power -> open feud VS Minamoto Taira

24. Dominate court

25. Powerful network of alliances

26. Links to rural notables who sided with them

28. NOTESThe Declining Influence of China Gempei Wars: raged in main island of Honshu 1185: Manamoto established bakufu Bakufu: military government or “tent” Capital at Kamakura

29. The Breakdown of Bakufu Dominance and the Age of the Warlords Yorimoto, leader of Mina., weaken Kamakura Fear of betrayal in family Shoguns: military leaders of bakufu Yorimoto’s obsessive fear -> no heir-> Hojo dominated Kamakura regime Hojo: closely allied warrior family Kyoto Kamakura

30. The Breakdown of Bakufu Dominance and the Age of the Warlords Early 14th cent: Ashikaga Takuajiled revolt and overthrew Kamakura regime Established Ashikaga Shogunate(1336-1573) Emperor refused to acknowledge their power-> tried reviving imperial power -> exiled

32. Korea

33. Korea: Between China and Japan

34. Korea: Between China and Japan Influenced for the longest time Heavily influenced –able to make a “different” culture.

37. NOTES Korea: Between China and Japan Adapted Chinese writing Korean language was not suited for characters Koguryo’s ruler forced a unified law code based after the Han’s Established universities Build a Chinese-style bureaucracy China Followers (copiers)

38. Tang Alliances and the Conquest of Korea 3 Korean kingdoms fought and weakened each other -> Korea vulnerable to outside attacks Silla Paekche Koguryo

39. NOTESTang Alliances and the Conquest of Korea The Tang dynasty attacked Koguryo however the Koguryo fought back Silla Tang Paekche Silla Tang Koguryo

40. Tang Alliances and the Conquest of Korea The Tang conquerors fought the Silla over spoils Silla strong enough to resist Revolts in Paekche and Koguryo Tang makes deal with Silla Tribute payments Silla = vassal of Tang 668 – Tang withdraws armies Silla became the independent rulers of united Korea

41. Sinification: The Tributary Link Under Silla rulers and Koryodynasty Chinese influences peaked Korean culture flourished Silla tried to become a miniature Tang empire They regularly sent the Tang embassies and tribute

42. Sinification: The Tributary Link Tribute System Neighboring places offered tribute to China Korea was most committed to the Tribute System Emissaries offered tribute in forms of splendid gifts and acknowledgement of the Son of Heaven

43. Sinification: The Tributary Link Effects of the tribute system Guaranteed peace with China Access to Chinese learning, art, and manufactured goods Merchants and trading depended on China Scholars studied at china and bought scrolls for Korea Intercultural exchange

44. Vietnam

45. Between China and Southeast Asia: The Making of Vietnam 220 BCE: record of “southern barbarians” Kingdom called Nam Viet “People in the south”

46. NOTESBetween China and Southeast Asia: The Making of Vietnam Qin raids -> Vietnamese traded with China

49. Between China and Southeast Asia: The Making of Vietnam Viets had their own culture Different clothing style Cockfights Chewed betel nut

50. Conquest and Sinification Han empire accepted and satisfied with Viet tributes 111 BCE: Han conquers Nam Viet Viets saw they could learn from China No resistance

51. NOTESConquest and Sinification: Education Viets attended Chinese schools Studied Confucian classics Wrote Chinese Exams for administrative posts

52. NOTESConquest and Sinification: Agriculture Chinese introduced cropping techniques and irrigation tehcniques Better agriculture -> more food -> support bigger population + =

53. NOTESConquest and Sinification: Military Learned from Chinese military organization Advantage over Indianized* people (W and S) *Indianized people = people who adopted Indian way of kinship and warfare

54. Roots of Resistance Viets did not like Chinese rule Chinese looked down on Vietnamese customs Sporadic aristocratic revolts Writing showed self-doubt and resistance to Chinese dominance

55. Roots of Resistance Less rights and independence for women Confined to home Controlled by men

56. Roots of Resistance Women participated in revolts 39 CE: famous uprising by Trung Sisters Daughters of deposed local leader

57. NOTES: Winning Independence and Continuing Chinese Influences 939 CE: Nam Viet won political independence from China Geographic advantages Rebelled during fall of Tang

58. NOTESWinning Independence and Continuing Chinese Influences Le dynasty (980 - 1009 CE) First Vietnamese dynasty Bureaucracy Copy of Chinese administrative system Civil service exams Learning Confucian classics in school Deference from lower people

59. Winning Independence and Continuing Chinese Influences Local leaders identify with peasants Local interests Leaders in peasant uprisings VS

60. The Vietnamese Drive to the South Viets did not want to settle near malarial highlands -> fought Chams and Kmers People living S of Nam Viet

61. NOTESThe Vietnamese Drive to the South 11th – 18th cent: fought Chams and Kmers Drove Chams to highlands Defeated Kmerswho were moving into Mekong Delta Region

62. NOTES: Expansion and Division Move farther away from Hanoi (capital) Marry and adopt customs of Chams and Kmers Dynasties have less power over southern part -> Nguyen (Hue, S) vs. Trinh (Hanoi, N)

63. Global Connections: In the Orbit of China The East Asian Corner of the Globe

64. Japan Japan showed that women CAN accomplish things such as writing and poetry “The Tale of Genji” :D They grew the new crop soy beans! Zen Buddhism influenced the quality in “rough” things (According to the book)