4. Stem Changing Verbs
E > IE pensar pienso
E>I servir sirvo
O > UE domir duemo
5. Para
Use para (for,
in order to) to
indicate the Vamos al Tengo dinero
… el regalo
recipient of the restaurante para [comprar]
para tú mamá
item, pirpose, para como algo
implied
purpose
6. Indirect Object Pronouns
Indirect Objects are nouns that tell to whom/what or for whom/what. Indirect
object pronouns replace or accompany indirect object.
Singular Plural
Ex.
me nos
Rosa le compra una
(me) (us) olla a su madre.
te os Or
(you- (you-
familiar) familiar) Rosa le compra una
olla.
le
les
(him, her,
(you, them)
you-formal)
7. Pronoun Placement
Attach the pronoun to the infinitive
Attach the pronoun to a progressive tense
Attach the pronoun to an affirmative command
Place the pronoun before a conjugated verb
8. Gustar
Singular:
Plural:
Gusta Gustan
me gusta nos gusta me gustan nos gustan
(I) (We) (I) (We)
te gusta os gusta te gustan os gustan
(You) (y’all) (You) (Y’all)
le gusta les gusta le gustan les gustan
(Him/Her/It) (They/Them) (Him/Her/It) (They/ Them)
10. Superlatives
To express extremes with most adjective, drop the final
vowel and add the ending –ísimo(a).
EX. •La idea de Rosa es interesantísima.
Intersante • Rosa’s idea is very(extremely) interesting.
When the last consonant is c, g, or z spelling changes
are required.
c> rico(a) > g> largo(a) >
feliz >
riquísimo larguísimo z>c
qu (a) gu (a) felicísimo
11. Reflexives
To describe people doing things for themselves, use
reflexive verbs. Examples of reflexive actions are brushing Lavarse
one’s teeth or combing one’s hair. Reflexive verbs are used to to ones self
indicate that the subject of the sentence receives the action
of the verb. Reflexive verbs will have –se attached to them.
Verb ex. : comerse, lavarse, afeitarse nos
me lavo lavamos
Reflexive Pronouns reflexive
te lavas
os
laváis
Pepe se lava
me (I) nos (we) se lava se lavan
te (you) os (y’all) • Pepe washes herself
se (him, her, it) se (they, them)
12. Affirmative Tú Commands +
Irregulars + Pronoun Placement
Give instructions or commands to someone by using the Affirmative tú commands of
regular verbs.
*Notice it is a tú command, but ends like a 3rd house form. Affirmative
Infinitive
tú command
¡Camina en el • decir • di
caminar ¡Camina!
parque! • hacer • haz
• ir • ve
• poner • pon
• salir • sal
¡Come toda la
comer ¡Come!
hamburguesa! • ser • sé
• tener • ten
• venir • ven
¡Abre la puerta, *Remember that when you use a
abrir ¡Abre! pronoun with an affirmative
quiero entrar!
command, the pronoun attaches to
the command
13. Negative Tú Commands + Irregulars
+ Pronoun Placement
When you tell someone what not to do, use a Negative command. Negative tú
commands are formed by taking you for of the present tense, dropping the –o,
and adding the appropriate ending.
Infinitive Tú negative
• venir • no vengas
hablar hablo ¡No hables! • tener • no tengas
• poner • no pongas
• salir • no salgas
• hacer • no hagas
• deecir • no digas
volver vuelvo ¡No vuelvas!
• ir • no vayas
• ser • no seas
Object Pronouns precede the verbs in the negative
commands, just as with other conjugated verbs.
Ex. ¡No lo uses! (Don’t use it!)
14. Sequencing Events
Primero (first)
Por la mañana/ tarde/ noche
Entonces
(next)
(In/ during the …)
Antes de/ después de
Luego/ (before/ after)
después
Por fin (after)
Los lunes, etc.
(finally) (on Monday, etc.)
