Always the bridesmaid: Should pigeon pea take the center stage?
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http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/thematic-sitemap/theme/spi/en/ Presentation by Sieg Snapp (Michigan State University) describing challenges to agricultural production in East Africa, and the role of intercropping using pigeon pea. The presentation was delivered in occasion of the “Putting Perennial crops to work in practice” workshop in Bamako, Mali (1-5 September 2015).
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Always the bridesmaid: Should pigeon pea take the center stage?
- 1. Always the bridesmaid: Should pigeonpea take the center stage? Sieg Snapp, Professor of Soils and Cropping Systems Ecology, Associate Director, Center for Global Change, MSU
- 2. Degraded soil Food insecurity Environmental insecurity
- 4. Messina et al. unpublished remote sensing data 1990-2013 East Africa Marginal Land
- 5. Maps Placid Mpeketula PhD Dissertation Malawi soil C change
- 8. Drivers of high values: Axis 1= leaf N, Ps capacity, SLA Axis 2 = leaf diffusive conductance © your company name. All rights reserved. Title of your presentation Global leaf traits Reich et al., 1999 Ecology 80:1955-69
- 9. Low-nutrient High-nutrient Legume growth types Annuals - for food Perennials - for soil fertility & fuelwood
- 10. Legume growth types Shrubby pigeonpea - multipurpose
- 11. © your company name. All rights reserved. Title of your presentation
- 13. Pigeonpea shrub + Maize
- 14. Pigeonpea shrub + Groundnut understory
- 15. ICRISAT: Early 1990s almost decided to shut down pigeonpea research program BMGF: 2008 funded ‘N2 for Africa’ Prof Ken Giller WU Gates officers removed pigeonpea from project USAID-Malawi: 2010 funded ‘Integrated Nutrient Value Chain’ DAI (Malawi Government, MSU, AR), project goal: increase by 15% yields of soybean and groundnut in 40% of Malawi USAID Malawi staff removed pigeonpea from project Irish Aid funded promotion of Tephrosia vogelli agroforestry species throughout Malawi
- 16. 0 50 100 150 200 Maize Yield Yield Stability Fertilizer Efficiency Cover Protein Yield Profit VCR Labor Women Sole SoleFert TephrosiaFert Sole maize vs. Tephrosia - Maize relay intercrop (n=60, on-farm trials in Malawi)
- 17. 0 50 100 150 200 Maize Yield Yield Stability Fertilizer Efficiency Cover Protein Yield Profit VCR Labor Women Sole SoleFert P'peaPlusFert Sole maize vs. Pigeonpea Plus (doubled up) rotated with Maize Snapp et al., PNAS 2010
- 18. Pigeonpea: Malawi niche Messina, Peters, et al. unpublished data
- 21. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1 LEG F 1 LEG M PP TECHS F PP TECHS M DBL LEG F DBL LEG M MZ + 1 LEG F MZ + 1 LEG M GN SOY PP CP PP+GN OTHER GN+SOY MZ+SOY MZ+CP F=Female/M=Male
- 22. Pigeonpea on-farm experimentation 0- 20 cm 20- 40 cm 40- 60 cm Chiwimbo Gwenambira
- 23. Pigeonpea biomass 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Sole Ppea Gnut-Ppea Soy-Ppea Maize-Ppea Root Shoot Gwenambira et al 2015 T/ha
- 24. Pigeonpea root biomass by soil texture 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 0-20 20-40 40-60 RootBiomass(kg/ha) Soil depth Light Texture Heavy Texture Gwenambira et al 2015
- 25. Pigeonpea grain yield 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000Grain(kg/ha) Year 2 Year 1 Chikowo et al 2015
- 26. Total grain yield 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000Grain(kg/ha) Year 2 Year 1 Chikowo et al 2015
- 27. APSIM: Pigeonpea effects on maize yield over a decade Ollenburger and Snapp, 2014
- 28. APSIM: Soil N status over time 0.13 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.21 0.23 0.25 1980 1990 2000 %TotalN Harvest year Kandeu site (Africa RISING) GnPp-Mz35 SbPp-Mz35 MzPp35 Gn-Mz35 Sb-Mz35 Pp-Mz35 Mz69 Mz0 Smith and Snapp, unpublished
- 29. Future (moving to center stage): Develop insect resistant, perennial pigeonpea germplasm Transform farming systems by fixing 2X light, 3X nitrogen, nutritious food, fuel and cash
- 30. MSU collaborators: Regis Chikowo, Joe Messina, Thom Jayne, Vicki Morrone, Robbie Richardson, Phil Robertson Cornell collaborators: Rachel Bezner Kerr, Laurie Drinkwater Univ Greenwich NRI: Kate W. Dyer, Barry Pound Univ of Malawi and SFHC: Wezi Mhango, Kanyama-Phiri, Daimon Kambewa, Lizzie Shumba ICRISAT and IITA: Eva Weltzien, Mateete Bekunda Snapp lab: Phil Grabowski, Paul Roge, Erin Anders, Placid Mpeketula, Chiwimbo Gwenambira, Princess Frimpong, Alison Nord, Dan Kane, Rich Price, Alex Smith UW: Ken Giller, Mary Ollenburger Zikowo [Thanks!]
- 31. Next steps