1. sigurnost
integrirana
Computer Forensic and Automated IR
Damir Delija
Dr.Sc.E.E

2. Presentation plan
2
- Introduction into computer forensic and incident
response
• what it is
• legal and organisational issues
- EnCase approach
• Arhitecture, tools, methods
• approach forensic and incident response
• How it is done

3. Computer Forensic – a Definition
3
- A practical definition:
- “Computer Forensics is simply the application of
computer investigation and analysis techniques
in the interest of determining potential legal
evidence (Judd Robbins).”

4. Legal Definition of Forensics
4
- Daubert/Frye: The most important decisions governing the
use of scientific evidence in court are those of
Daubert(Federal)/Frye(California).
- There are four primary factors according to Daubert/Frye that
should be considered before ruling on the admissibility of scientific
evidence:
• Whether the theory or technique has been reliably tested;
• Whether the theory or technique has been subjected to peer
review and publication;
• What is the known or potential rate of error of the method
used;
• Whether the theory or method has been generally accepted by
the scientific community.

5. Role of the EnCase suite
5
- EnCase Suite - Guidance Software
www.guidancesoftware.com
- Central point in the system security, other usual security
related tools are subordinates (feeds and actuators)
- Act as standalone or as enterprise wide tool
- It is supposed to react on incidents or to control system, both
in same sound digital forensic way
- Examiner wokstation is a workplace for incident responder,
examiner, auditor, controler - all in same consitent manner,
legaly acceptable
- Predefined roles, ranges, users and events
- Use other parts of incident response infrastructure like
ticketing system, help desk, IPS, IDS, etc ...

6. What are our threats?
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Others (Unknown)
Regulatory compliance IP theft (eg. external consultant
Classified Disgruntled employees
Data leakage
Human error Client Competitors
Fraud Virus outbreaks
Inappropriate content Unauthorised software
Deliberate attack (hackers)

7. Integrating Forensic into IR
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What is an incident to you? How do you respond?
- Virus outbreak? - Manual processes?
- Stolen laptop? - Take Computers off the
- Inappropriate usage? network?
- Legal requirement for - Suspend Employees?
electronic data? - External investigative
- Unauthorised software? consultancy?
- Inappropriate content? - Outsource data collection?
- Classified data appearing in - Press release / PR?
the wrong environments? - Hope and Pray?
- Data leakage? - Ignore?
- IP theft?
- Disgruntled employee?

8. Latest analytics (1)
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Who is behind data breaches?
- 73% resulted from external sources
- 18% were caused by insiders
- 39% implicated business partners
- 30% involved multiple parties
How do breaches occur?
- 62% were attributed to a significant error
- 59% resulted from hacking and intrusions
- 31% incorporated malicious code
- 22% exploited a vulnerability
- 15% were due to physical threats
Source: "2008 DATA BREACH INVESTIGATIONS REPORT", A Study CONDUCTED BY
THE VERIZON BUSINESS RISK TEAM, 10th June 2008

9. Latest analytics (2)
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What commonalities exist?
 66% involved data the victim did not know was on the
system
 75% of breaches were not discovered by the victim
 83% of attacks were not highly difficult
 85% of breaches were the result of opportunistic attacks
 87% were considered avoidable through reasonable
controls
Source: "2008 DATA BREACH INVESTIGATIONS REPORT", A Study CONDUCTED BY
THE VERIZON BUSINESS RISK TEAM, 10th June 2008

10. Latest analytics (3)
10
Nine out of 10 data breaches incidents involved one of the
following:
• A system unknown to the organization (or business group
affected)
• A system storing data that the organization did not know
existed on that system
• A system that had unknown network connections or
accessibility
• A system that had unknown accounts or privileges
Source: "2008 DATA BREACH INVESTIGATIONS REPORT", A Study CONDUCTED BY
THE VERIZON BUSINESS RISK TEAM, 10th June 2008

11. How do we deal with these threats today?
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Reactively
•We manually investigate incidents, which is time consuming
•We employ 3rd party consultancies to collect data for compliance
•We quarantine computers from the network (disrupting operations)
•We need multiple tools to investigate and solve problems
•We have to wait for our AV vendor to supply signatures for new
outbreaks
Proactively
•We cannot search the network for IP or other sensitive data
•We cannot search for unauthorised software or malicious code
•We cannot forensically remove data or malicious processes
•We don’t have time to investigate disgruntled employees
•We can’t identify potential risks comprehensively

12. Implement Incident Response
infrastructure 15
- Implement Encase Enterprise as a core
• define additional funcionalities and plugins for Encase
• trainig, testing, support, etc
- Integrate it with other tools
• IDS, IPS, network management, physical security, system
administration, etc...
• Help Desk system, trouble ticketing system
- Develop lifecycle for effcient Incident Response
System
• policies, controls, reports, tests etc...
• keep IR system proactive, healty and efficient

13. Anti-Forensics
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Anti-forensics is any and all actions
taken by an unauthorized intruder to
conceal evidence
securely deleting critical log files is
•
considered an antiforensic technique.
- discovered use of antiforensics in 39% cases
- this will be a trend to watch over the next years
Source:
"2008 DATA BREACH INVESTIGATIONS REPORT",
A Study CONDUCTED BY THE VERIZON BUSINESS RISK TEAM

14. Incident Response Recommendations
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- Align process with policy
- Achieve “essential” then worry about “excellent”
- Secure business partner connections
- Create a data retention plan
- Control data with transaction zones
- Monitor event logs
- Create an incident response plan
- Increase awareness
- Engage in mock incident testing

15. IT security dependencies
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- IT security depends on core competencies:
• People - skill and knowledge problem
• Process - there are standards and best practices
• Technologies - control of usage and fuctions
- This can be achived by
• developing enterprise investigative infrastructure
• use of forensics technologies as core part of IR

16. EnCase Enterprise (EE) Platform
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Key capabilities

 Covertly investigate across the network on live machines
 Bit level analysis able to uncover deleted and hidden data
 Also able to analyse volatile data in RAM
 Sweep enterprise for hacker code like key loggers & root kits
 Court validated as forensically sound
 Role based access control and encrypted data flow
Business benefits

 Respond to HR/IT requests much faster
 Conduct many more investigations with the same resource
 Rules employees in or out of investigations covertly
 Collects court validate evidence of wrong doing

17. EnCase Incident Response
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Key capabilities
 Can integrate directly with IDS and SIM solutions
 Automatically collects volatile data at point of attack or infection
 Threat can be killed immediately on target machine
 Scan and kill threat across entire network very quickly
Business benefits
 Acts on intelligence provided by SIM
 Guarantees collection of intelligence 24x7x365
 Removes threat from entire estate without disrupting operations
 Helps enhance defences by offering real actionable intelligence
 Drives the true value out of IDS and SIM solutions
 An effective way to counter “Day Zero” attacks !

18. Case Review IR
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A professional Malicious attacker tries to penetrate your network and
you have netForensics deployed.
 The SIM (netForensics) & other perimeter defence products
throw up hi-priority alerts
 Alert passed on to EnCase Enterprise
 Automatic Snapshot of target machine retrieved (all
processes running in RAM of target)
 Your SIRT team analyse snapshot results to determine
malicious processes
 Process can be killed remotely and forensically wiped on
target node
 Malicious/Rogue process hashed and enterprise sweep
carried out to determine extent of breach. Can be remotely
wiped on all “infected” nodes to clean network

19. Kill Malicious Process – options
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Choice of deleting the process file, or
deleting and wiping from hard drive

20. Global Market Leaders across industries rely
on Guidance Software
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21. Pitanja
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damir.delija@insig2.hr