Environmental Value Systems
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The document classifies environmental philosophies into three main categories: ecocentrism, which views nature as central to humanity; anthropocentrism, which believes humans must sustainably manage the global system; and technocentrism, which thinks technological solutions can address environmental issues. Within ecocentrism are deep ecologists and soft ecologists. Anthropocentrism includes environmental managers. Technocentrism contains cornucopians who think resources and growth can continue indefinitely.
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IB ESS Chapter 7.Environmental Value System
An environmental value system is a worldview that shapes how people perceive environmental issues. It is influenced by cultural, religious, economic, and social factors and based on underlying principles and beliefs. A value system will determine one's views on specific issues. Views range from anthropocentric, which considers human values dominant, to ecocentric, which recognizes intrinsic value in nature. Technocentric views see nature as existing for human benefit, while deep ecologists value nature over humanity. Most developed nations have technocentric or anthropocentric perspectives.
1.1 environmental value systems notes
The document provides an overview of environmental value systems (EVS) and concepts in environmental systems and societies. It discusses how historical events have influenced the development of EVSs and environmental movements. There is a wide spectrum of EVSs from ecocentric to anthropocentric to technocentric. Ecocentric views prioritize nature, education, and self-sufficiency while technocentric views emphasize technological solutions and economic growth to address environmental issues. People's EVS shapes how they perceive and evaluate environmental issues based on cultural, religious, economic and sociopolitical contexts.
Ess topic 1 foundations of environmental systems and societies(first exam 2017)
Topic 1: Foundations of environmental systems and societies (16 hours)
Big questions: This topic may be particularly appropriate for considering big questions A, C, D and E.
Sub-topic 1.1: Environmental value systems
Significant ideas:
• Historical events, among other influences, affect the development of environmental value systems (EVSs) and environmental movements.
• There is a wide spectrum of EVSs, each with its own premises and implications.
Knowledge and understanding:
• Significant historical influences on the development of the environmental
movement have come from literature, the media, major environmental disasters,
international agreements and technological developments.
• An EVS is a worldview or paradigm that shapes the way an individual, or group
of people, perceives and evaluates environmental issues, influenced by cultural,
religious, economic and socio-political contexts.
• An EVS might be considered as a system in the sense that it may be influenced
by education, experience, culture and media (inputs), and involves a set of
interrelated premises, values and arguments that can generate consistent
decisions and evaluations (outputs).
• There is a spectrum of EVSs, from ecocentric through anthropocentric to
technocentric value systems.
• An ecocentric viewpoint integrates social, spiritual and environmental
dimensions into a holistic ideal. It puts ecology and nature as central to humanity
and emphasizes a less materialistic approach to life with greater self-sufficiency
of societies. An ecocentric viewpoint prioritizes biorights, emphasizes the
importance of education and encourages self-restraint in human behaviour.
• An anthropocentric viewpoint argues that humans must sustainably manage the
global system. This might be through the use of taxes, environmental regulation
and legislation. Debate would be encouraged to reach a consensual, pragmatic
approach to solving environmental problems.
• A
Environmental Ethics ..ssss
This document discusses environmental ethics and provides definitions of key concepts. It begins by stating that ethics are important for development and societies without ethical principles can experience moral decay. It then defines concepts like values, morals, environment, ecology, ecosystem, and different perspectives on environmental ethics like anthropocentrism, biocentrism, and ecocentrism. The document examines environmental ethics as the application of ethical standards to human relationships with the environment and poses example ethical dilemmas. It explores expanding ethical consideration to include animals, communities, and nature. In closing, it recommends developing a holistic perspective that preserves ecological connections.
1.1 Environmental value systems
A rough draft of the 1.1 environmental value systems presentation for the new 2015 syllabus. I figure teachers can use it and improve it.
Man or Human environment interaction
This document discusses man's interaction with the environment and its impacts. It begins by outlining how people adapt to, depend on, and modify their environment through examples like air conditioning, clothing, and changing land use. Both positive and negative impacts are then examined. Positive impacts include renewable energy use, tree planting, and recycling. Major negative impacts involve deforestation, which damages habitats and biodiversity; water, land, and air pollution, which degrade the environment and harm human health; and climate change, largely caused by human activities. In conclusion, the document analyzes how human activities both help and harm the environment.
Environmental Ethics _ 2022 .ppt
This document discusses various topics related to environmental ethics and issues. It begins by defining key terms like environment, ecosystem, and ecosystem structure and functions. It then discusses various environmental issues at the global level like depletion of natural resources, pollution, ozone layer depletion, climate change, sea level rise, and biodiversity loss. It also examines different approaches to environmental ethics like anthropocentrism, normative ethical theories of consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics. Finally, it discusses the relationships between environmental ethics and topics like applied theology, animal ethics, and unethical human activities like deforestation and desertification.
Society,culture and environment.
what is society, culture and environment
#difference and interaction between them.
#characteristics of culture
#examples that how cultured is learned
#tragedy of commons
#Influence of physical environment.
# negative impact on environment.
Recommended
IB ESS Chapter 7.Environmental Value System
An environmental value system is a worldview that shapes how people perceive environmental issues. It is influenced by cultural, religious, economic, and social factors and based on underlying principles and beliefs. A value system will determine one's views on specific issues. Views range from anthropocentric, which considers human values dominant, to ecocentric, which recognizes intrinsic value in nature. Technocentric views see nature as existing for human benefit, while deep ecologists value nature over humanity. Most developed nations have technocentric or anthropocentric perspectives.
1.1 environmental value systems notes
The document provides an overview of environmental value systems (EVS) and concepts in environmental systems and societies. It discusses how historical events have influenced the development of EVSs and environmental movements. There is a wide spectrum of EVSs from ecocentric to anthropocentric to technocentric. Ecocentric views prioritize nature, education, and self-sufficiency while technocentric views emphasize technological solutions and economic growth to address environmental issues. People's EVS shapes how they perceive and evaluate environmental issues based on cultural, religious, economic and sociopolitical contexts.
Ess topic 1 foundations of environmental systems and societies(first exam 2017)
Topic 1: Foundations of environmental systems and societies (16 hours)
Big questions: This topic may be particularly appropriate for considering big questions A, C, D and E.
Sub-topic 1.1: Environmental value systems
Significant ideas:
• Historical events, among other influences, affect the development of environmental value systems (EVSs) and environmental movements.
• There is a wide spectrum of EVSs, each with its own premises and implications.
Knowledge and understanding:
• Significant historical influences on the development of the environmental
movement have come from literature, the media, major environmental disasters,
international agreements and technological developments.
• An EVS is a worldview or paradigm that shapes the way an individual, or group
of people, perceives and evaluates environmental issues, influenced by cultural,
religious, economic and socio-political contexts.
• An EVS might be considered as a system in the sense that it may be influenced
by education, experience, culture and media (inputs), and involves a set of
interrelated premises, values and arguments that can generate consistent
decisions and evaluations (outputs).
• There is a spectrum of EVSs, from ecocentric through anthropocentric to
technocentric value systems.
• An ecocentric viewpoint integrates social, spiritual and environmental
dimensions into a holistic ideal. It puts ecology and nature as central to humanity
and emphasizes a less materialistic approach to life with greater self-sufficiency
of societies. An ecocentric viewpoint prioritizes biorights, emphasizes the
importance of education and encourages self-restraint in human behaviour.
• An anthropocentric viewpoint argues that humans must sustainably manage the
global system. This might be through the use of taxes, environmental regulation
and legislation. Debate would be encouraged to reach a consensual, pragmatic
approach to solving environmental problems.
• A
Environmental Ethics ..ssss
This document discusses environmental ethics and provides definitions of key concepts. It begins by stating that ethics are important for development and societies without ethical principles can experience moral decay. It then defines concepts like values, morals, environment, ecology, ecosystem, and different perspectives on environmental ethics like anthropocentrism, biocentrism, and ecocentrism. The document examines environmental ethics as the application of ethical standards to human relationships with the environment and poses example ethical dilemmas. It explores expanding ethical consideration to include animals, communities, and nature. In closing, it recommends developing a holistic perspective that preserves ecological connections.
1.1 Environmental value systems
A rough draft of the 1.1 environmental value systems presentation for the new 2015 syllabus. I figure teachers can use it and improve it.
Man or Human environment interaction
This document discusses man's interaction with the environment and its impacts. It begins by outlining how people adapt to, depend on, and modify their environment through examples like air conditioning, clothing, and changing land use. Both positive and negative impacts are then examined. Positive impacts include renewable energy use, tree planting, and recycling. Major negative impacts involve deforestation, which damages habitats and biodiversity; water, land, and air pollution, which degrade the environment and harm human health; and climate change, largely caused by human activities. In conclusion, the document analyzes how human activities both help and harm the environment.
Environmental Ethics _ 2022 .ppt
This document discusses various topics related to environmental ethics and issues. It begins by defining key terms like environment, ecosystem, and ecosystem structure and functions. It then discusses various environmental issues at the global level like depletion of natural resources, pollution, ozone layer depletion, climate change, sea level rise, and biodiversity loss. It also examines different approaches to environmental ethics like anthropocentrism, normative ethical theories of consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics. Finally, it discusses the relationships between environmental ethics and topics like applied theology, animal ethics, and unethical human activities like deforestation and desertification.
Society,culture and environment.
what is society, culture and environment
#difference and interaction between them.
#characteristics of culture
#examples that how cultured is learned
#tragedy of commons
#Influence of physical environment.
# negative impact on environment.
Environmental value systems
An environmental value system shapes how individuals and groups perceive and evaluate environmental issues. Historical events like pollution disasters and activist campaigns have influenced different value systems over time. Societies have developed varying value systems, such as First Nation Americans emphasizing environmental communion versus European pioneers prioritizing exploitation. Communist societies struggled with resource overuse while capitalist societies balanced profit and environmental protection. Buddhist views separation of humans and nature, while Judaeo-Christian beliefs debate domination versus stewardship of the Earth. Personal characteristics and social influences also shape individual environmental values.
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Introduction to Biodiversity
This document discusses biodiversity, including its definition as the variety of life on Earth, the importance of maintaining biodiversity as our source of food, medicine, clean air and economic resources, and the threats facing biodiversity such as habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change. It emphasizes the need to save biodiversity by protecting ecosystems, improving farmland diversity, and reducing overfishing.
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This document discusses several environmental issues facing the planet such as global warming, deforestation, pollution, and overpopulation. It notes that while humans are intelligent, environmental ethics are not always followed, as human activities like cutting down trees, using fossil fuels, and industrialization are harming the environment. The document asks if humans are truly smart if environmental ethics are not considered. It provides examples of ethical issues regarding how humans use and impact the environment, and suggests that establishing boundaries could help reshape the human relationship with Earth.
Environmental ETHICS
The document discusses environmental ethics and possible solutions to environmental problems. It provides three views on environmental ethics: the libertarian view focuses on equal rights for all human and non-human members; the ecological view sees nature as having its own mechanisms for functioning; and the conservation view sees nature as having instrumental value for human utility. It also discusses disparities between developed and developing countries and identifies population growth, wasteful resource use, poverty, and failure to include environmental costs in market prices as key causes of problems. Three proposed solutions are to rely more on renewable energy, protect biodiversity, and help sustain natural chemical cycles.
Environment impact assessment
The document summarizes the process of Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) in India. It outlines that EIA is a formal process to predict environmental consequences of development projects, made statutory in India in 1986. The key stages of EIA in India are screening, preliminary assessment, scoping, the main EIA study including a public hearing, and appraisal. The goal is to identify environmental and social impacts, mitigate harm, and maximize benefits prior to project approval.
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This document provides an overview of key topics in environmental science, including the nature of environmental science, natural resources, sustainability, and pressures on the global environment. It discusses how humans exist within and depend on the environment, and how environmental science studies these interactions. It also summarizes perspectives on population growth, the tragedy of the commons, ecological footprints, and the state of the world in terms of pollution, climate change, and biodiversity loss. Scientific principles and the importance of global, sustainable solutions are emphasized.
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This document discusses environmental ethics, including its key features and different approaches. It provides definitions and discusses the following main points:
1. Environmental ethics aims to provide ethical justification for environmental protection and considers extending ethics to include non-human entities. It is interdisciplinary and global in scope.
2. The modern construction of environmental ethics emerged in response to environmental crises in the 1960s-1970s.
3. There are different schools of environmental ethics that take varying approaches such as anthropocentrism, biocentrism, and ecocentrism.
4. Aldo Leopold's land ethic argues that the appropriate unit for moral concern is the ecosystem and its integrity and stability
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Environmental ethics
Environmental ethics examines the moral relationship between humans and the environment. It considers the value of the environment and non-human life. There are different approaches such as anthropocentric ethics, which views environment as valuable only for what it provides humans, and biocentric ethics, which gives intrinsic value to all life. Other approaches include ecocentric ethics, which values all living and non-living things, and land ethics, stewardship ethics, deep ecology, and ecofeminism.
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This document discusses environmental ethics and related concepts. It begins by defining environmental ethics as the study of ethical questions regarding human interactions with the environment. It then examines three major worldviews in environmental ethics: anthropocentrism, which values nature based on its benefits to humans; biocentrism, which assigns intrinsic value to all life; and ecocentrism, which considers the interdependence of ecological systems. The document also discusses some key issues in environmental ethics like resource depletion and pollution, their impacts, and potential solutions like sustainable resource use and conservation.
understand biodiversity and its conservation
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth at all levels, from genes to ecosystems. It provides humans with oxygen, food, medicine, clean water, and cultural/spiritual benefits. Species occur together because they have similar needs and are interdependent.
The Himalayan region is an important biodiversity hotspot containing an estimated 10% of the world's plant species and important populations of birds, mammals, and other animals. However, biodiversity in the region faces threats such as overgrazing, road construction, invasive species, hydroelectric projects, deforestation, unsustainable resource use, uncontrolled tourism, and natural disasters. Conservation efforts are needed from individuals, communities, and governments to protect biodiversity
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in environmental science, including:
1) It defines the environment as all living and non-living things that surround us and our interactions with them. It emphasizes that humans are part of the natural world and depend on its healthy functioning.
2) It discusses pressures on the global environment like population growth, resource consumption, pollution, and species extinction. The "tragedy of the commons" explains how unregulated resource use can lead to depletion.
3) Environmental science aims to understand how the natural world works and develop solutions to environmental problems using an interdisciplinary approach combining natural and social sciences. Its goal is sustainability and meeting needs without compromising future resources.
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Environmental value systems
An environmental value system shapes how individuals and groups perceive and evaluate environmental issues. Historical events like pollution disasters and activist campaigns have influenced different value systems over time. Societies have developed varying value systems, such as First Nation Americans emphasizing environmental communion versus European pioneers prioritizing exploitation. Communist societies struggled with resource overuse while capitalist societies balanced profit and environmental protection. Buddhist views separation of humans and nature, while Judaeo-Christian beliefs debate domination versus stewardship of the Earth. Personal characteristics and social influences also shape individual environmental values.
Introduction to Biodiversity
Unit 3 VCE Environmental Science; Area of Study 2: Biodiversity looks at the benefits of biodiversity, the threats and conservation of the different levels - genetic, species and ecosystem.
Environment
The document discusses the four spheres that make up Earth's environment: the atmosphere, climate, hydrosphere, and ecosystem. The atmosphere sustains life and is composed primarily of nitrogen, oxygen, and inert gases. The climate determines temperature, humidity, and atmospheric conditions. The hydrosphere covers 70% of the planet as ocean water and 3% as freshwater. An ecosystem consists of all living and non-living interactions within a specific area. The environment is important as it provides resources for shelter, medicines, crop pollination, soil protection, air/water purification, and climate regulation.
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This document discusses biodiversity, including its definition as the variety of life on Earth, the importance of maintaining biodiversity as our source of food, medicine, clean air and economic resources, and the threats facing biodiversity such as habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change. It emphasizes the need to save biodiversity by protecting ecosystems, improving farmland diversity, and reducing overfishing.
Environmental ethics
This document discusses several environmental issues facing the planet such as global warming, deforestation, pollution, and overpopulation. It notes that while humans are intelligent, environmental ethics are not always followed, as human activities like cutting down trees, using fossil fuels, and industrialization are harming the environment. The document asks if humans are truly smart if environmental ethics are not considered. It provides examples of ethical issues regarding how humans use and impact the environment, and suggests that establishing boundaries could help reshape the human relationship with Earth.
Environmental ETHICS
The document discusses environmental ethics and possible solutions to environmental problems. It provides three views on environmental ethics: the libertarian view focuses on equal rights for all human and non-human members; the ecological view sees nature as having its own mechanisms for functioning; and the conservation view sees nature as having instrumental value for human utility. It also discusses disparities between developed and developing countries and identifies population growth, wasteful resource use, poverty, and failure to include environmental costs in market prices as key causes of problems. Three proposed solutions are to rely more on renewable energy, protect biodiversity, and help sustain natural chemical cycles.
Environment impact assessment
The document summarizes the process of Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) in India. It outlines that EIA is a formal process to predict environmental consequences of development projects, made statutory in India in 1986. The key stages of EIA in India are screening, preliminary assessment, scoping, the main EIA study including a public hearing, and appraisal. The goal is to identify environmental and social impacts, mitigate harm, and maximize benefits prior to project approval.
Ecological footprints introduction
This document discusses ecological footprints and how to measure them. An ecological footprint calculates the amount of productive land and water required to support a population based on its consumption and waste production using current technology. The document notes that global footprints exceeded the Earth's carrying capacity in the mid-1980s. It provides ecological footprint sizes for various countries, with the highest footprints belonging to Qatar, the USA, and Australia.
Introduction to environmetnal science
This document provides an overview of key topics in environmental science, including the nature of environmental science, natural resources, sustainability, and pressures on the global environment. It discusses how humans exist within and depend on the environment, and how environmental science studies these interactions. It also summarizes perspectives on population growth, the tragedy of the commons, ecological footprints, and the state of the world in terms of pollution, climate change, and biodiversity loss. Scientific principles and the importance of global, sustainable solutions are emphasized.
Biodiversity and Conservation
This document discusses biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems. It notes that there are two types of aquatic habitats: freshwater ecosystems like ponds and lakes, and marine ecosystems like coral reefs. Freshwater ecosystems tend to have lower biodiversity due to factors like flowing water acting as a barrier. In contrast, marine ecosystems demonstrate extremely high biodiversity due to stable conditions and habitat heterogeneity. The document outlines some of the challenges to freshwater biodiversity, such as pollution, dams, and invasive species. Maintaining biodiversity is important for environmental and human health.
4. chapter 2 principles of ecology
Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions among organisms and their environment. There are several key levels of ecological organization, including the biosphere, ecosystems, communities, populations, and organisms. Energy flows through ecosystems via food chains and webs, entering as sunlight and being lost as heat at each trophic level. Matter cycles through ecosystems as well, as nutrients are recycled from organisms to the environment and back again via processes like decomposition.
Environmental ethics
This document discusses environmental ethics, including its key features and different approaches. It provides definitions and discusses the following main points:
1. Environmental ethics aims to provide ethical justification for environmental protection and considers extending ethics to include non-human entities. It is interdisciplinary and global in scope.
2. The modern construction of environmental ethics emerged in response to environmental crises in the 1960s-1970s.
3. There are different schools of environmental ethics that take varying approaches such as anthropocentrism, biocentrism, and ecocentrism.
4. Aldo Leopold's land ethic argues that the appropriate unit for moral concern is the ecosystem and its integrity and stability
Ecology And Ecosystem Unit IV
The document discusses ecology, ecosystems, and environmental concepts. It defines ecology as the study of organisms and their environment. There are different types of ecology like autecology and synecology. An ecosystem is comprised of biotic and abiotic components that interact and exchange energy and matter. The biotic components include producers, consumers, and decomposers. The abiotic components include climatic, physical, chemical, and medium factors. Various ecosystems are described like forests, grasslands, deserts, aquatic, marine, and freshwater ecosystems. Their biotic and abiotic components and examples of organisms are provided. Environmental issues like waste management, pollution, and their impacts are also summarized.
Environmental ethics
Environmental ethics examines the moral relationship between humans and the environment. It considers the value of the environment and non-human life. There are different approaches such as anthropocentric ethics, which views environment as valuable only for what it provides humans, and biocentric ethics, which gives intrinsic value to all life. Other approaches include ecocentric ethics, which values all living and non-living things, and land ethics, stewardship ethics, deep ecology, and ecofeminism.
Rio summit
The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit , Rio Summit, Rio Conference, and Earth Summit (Portuguese: ECO92), was a major United Nations conference held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992.
Biodiversity
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in an area, including genetic diversity within species, species diversity within biological communities, and ecosystem diversity within biospheres. It increases ecosystem stability and health. There are three components of biodiversity: genetic diversity within populations, species diversity between different types of organisms in a community, and ecosystem diversity between different habitat types. Maintaining biodiversity has direct economic benefits for humans through food, medicine, and other resources, as well as indirect benefits by supporting ecosystem services like oxygen production and water cycling. However, biodiversity is declining rapidly due to threats like overexploitation, habitat loss, pollution, invasive species, and climate change.
Forest Ecosystem
This is presentation that talks about various forest ecosystems and flora and fauna prevailing there. It has simple language, points format and tabular columns for easy understanding. It also contains pictures.
Biodiversity conservation
This document discusses biodiversity conservation strategies in India. It outlines in-situ conservation methods like protecting habitats in national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves, and tiger reserves. Ex-situ conservation methods include botanical gardens and gene banks. The key objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity are the conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of its components, and fair sharing of benefits from genetic resources.
Environmental ethics
This document discusses environmental ethics and related concepts. It begins by defining environmental ethics as the study of ethical questions regarding human interactions with the environment. It then examines three major worldviews in environmental ethics: anthropocentrism, which values nature based on its benefits to humans; biocentrism, which assigns intrinsic value to all life; and ecocentrism, which considers the interdependence of ecological systems. The document also discusses some key issues in environmental ethics like resource depletion and pollution, their impacts, and potential solutions like sustainable resource use and conservation.
understand biodiversity and its conservation
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth at all levels, from genes to ecosystems. It provides humans with oxygen, food, medicine, clean water, and cultural/spiritual benefits. Species occur together because they have similar needs and are interdependent.
The Himalayan region is an important biodiversity hotspot containing an estimated 10% of the world's plant species and important populations of birds, mammals, and other animals. However, biodiversity in the region faces threats such as overgrazing, road construction, invasive species, hydroelectric projects, deforestation, unsustainable resource use, uncontrolled tourism, and natural disasters. Conservation efforts are needed from individuals, communities, and governments to protect biodiversity
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- 1. 1. Foundation of Environmental Systems and Societies A classification of different environmental philosophies -categories of environmental value systems-
- 2. Categories of EVS Ecocentrists – puts ecology and nature as central to humanity Deep ecologists Self-reliant Soft ecologists Anthropocentrists – believes humans must sustainably manage the global system: mankind Technocentrists – technological developments can provide solutions to environmental problems Environmental Mangers Cornucopians
- 3. The ecocentric worldview • Less materialistic approach to life – greater self-sufficiency of societies. • Holistic view of life – earth-centred • The Earth is here for all species. • We should manage growth. • We should work with the Earth, not against it. • We need the Earth more than it needs us. • Resources are limited.
- 4. The anthropocentric worldview • Human centred • Humans are not dependent on nature but nature is there to benefit humankind. • Through the use of taxes, environmental regulation and legislation. • We are the Earth’s most important species, we are in charge.
- 5. The technocentric worldview • Technological development can provide solutions to environmental problems. • Environmental managers – technocentrists • Extreme technocentrists – cornucopians • There will always more resources to exploit. • Economic growth is a good thing and we can always keep the economy growing.