3rd Africa Rice Congress
Theme 2: Intensification and diversification
Mini symposium: determinants of agricultural productivity in Africa’s rice-based systems
Author: Ablede, et. al.
Handwritten Text Recognition for manuscripts and early printed texts
Identification des causes des écarts de rendement dans la production de riz au Togo
1. Identification des causes des écarts de
rendement dans deux zones de
production de riz au Togo
presented by
Komlan A. ABLEDE
Agronomist
(Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique, Togo)
3. Background
Rice = 3rd most cultivated
cereal crop in Togo after
maize and sorghum.
In Togo, Rice is increasingly
used in the diet of
population in both urban
and rural areas.
The annual average of
white rice consumption per
capita is about 15 kg on the
national level of (DSID,
2010)
Fig. 1 : Production of the main cereal crops
(2008-2010)
4. Background
However, rice production in Togo does not cover the needs of
the population
Deficits are
always
compensated
by massive
importations in
spite of the
enormous
potentialities
of the country
Fig. 2 : Production vs importation of white rice (2000-2010)
5. Background
In 2012, ITRA and AfricaRice survey have
been done to quantify ‘‘yield gap’’ in 2 rice
production areas in Togo.
Yield
gap
=
Potential
yield
–
Actual yield
obtained by
farmers
6. Background
The objectives of this survey were:
to identify causes of yield gap in rice
cultivation in Togo
to quantify yield gaps and their causes.
7. Materials and methods
Survey’s areas
Hub
Village/Irrigat N° of surveyed
ion scheme
field/farmer
REGION des
PLATEAUX
(rainfed
lowlands)
TOTAL
AGOME GLOZOU
10
ZIOWUNU
9
KOVIE
6
AKATA ADAME
10
KPELE BEME
10
AGADJI
REGION
MARITIME
(irrigated
lowlands)
10
-
55
11. Materials and methods
Data collected
Previous crops or length of fallow (by interview)
Variety (by interview)
Rice ecology (by interview and observation)
Land preparation method (by interview)
Crop establishment method and period (by interview)
Irrigation / drainage system (by interview and observation)
Crop density, rice canopy cover, weed infestation
Water status, iron toxicity, …
Crop management practices
Diseases and insect pests,
Yield data, etc.
12. Materials and methods
Data have been recorded using smartphone
Open Data Kit helped to
Build a data collection form or survey;
Collect the data on a smartphone and send it to a
server; and
Aggregate the collected data on a server and extract
it in Excel format.
Average yield data have been submited to
ANOVA under GenStat and means were
compared by Duncan test (5%)
13. Results
Main observations
o Good/bad practices
Maritime: irriguée
Plateaux : pluviale de bas-fond
Mauvais nivelage du sol, bonne confection des
diguettes
Mauvais nivelage du sol
Repiquage systématique (7 plts/pqt)
Semis à la volée/grande qté semences (Akata
Adamé); repiquage (Beme + Agadji)
Désherbages réguliers
Mauvaise gestion des adventices (désherbages
insuffisants)
Non application d’engrais organique
Engrais minéral mal appliqué/en qté
insuffisante/périodes d’apport inappropriées
Non application d’engrais organique
Engrais minéral mal appliqué/en qté
insuffisante/périodes d’apport inappropriées
Lutte contre certaines maladies/ravageurs
Pas de lutte contre les maladies/ravageurs
Brûlis systématique des résidus
Paillage des résidus au champ
Irrigation/drainage
14. Results
Main observations
o Abiotic/biotic stress
Stress
Maritime: irriguée
Plateaux : pluviale de basfond
Toxicité ferreuse
Faible fertilité des sols
Sols pauvres; salinité
Très faible fertilité des sols
Mauvaises herbes: surtout Echinocloa
sp
Mauvaises herbes
piriculariose, helminthosporiose
abiotique
Insuffisance/mauvaise répartition des
pluies
flétrissement bactérien; piriculariose,
biotique
Insectes ravageurs: foreurs, acridiens et Insectes ravageurs: acridiens, foreurs et
coléoptères phyllophages
coléoptères phyllophages
15. Results
Main observations
o Abiotic/biotic stress
Stress
Plateaux : rainfed lowlands
-
Insuffisance/mauvaise répartition des
pluies
Toxicité ferreuse
Faible fertilité des sols
Sols pauvres; salinité
Très faible fertilité des sols
Mauvaises herbes: surtout Echinocloa
sp
Mauvaises herbes
piriculariose, helminthosporiose
abiotic
Maritime: irrigated
flétrissement bactérien; piriculariose,
biotic
Insectes ravageurs: foreurs, acridiens et Insectes ravageurs: acridiens, foreurs et
coléoptères phyllophages
coléoptères phyllophages
18. Conclusion
o Many biotic and abiotic constraints have been
recorded
o The highest yields/lowest gap were obtained in
irrigated lowlands
o Yield gaps recorded were ranged from 40 to
60% of potential yield of the most popular
variety cultivated in Togo (IR 841) which is
6t/ha.
o Yield gap survey is ongoing in the 2 hubs 2013
o Introduction of Good agricultural practices
began in 2013