Post Exam Fun(da) Intra UEM General Quiz 2024 - Prelims q&a.pdf
Supercapacitors.pptx
1.
2. A supercapacitor (SC), is a high-
capacity capacitor with a capacitance value much
higher than other capacitors, but with lower voltage
limits
It is also known as ultracapacitor.
The capacitence range is from 100 to 5k Farad.
It can accept and deliver charge much faster than
batteries, and tolerates many more charge and
discharge cycles than rechargeable batteries.
3. A supercapacitor differs from an ordinary capacitor in two different ways.
Its plates effectively have a much bigger area and the distance between them is
very much smaller, because the separator between them works in a different way to
a conventional dielectric.
In a supercapacitor there is no dielectric as such. Instead, both plates are soaked
in an electrolyte and separated by a very thin insulator.
Working principle of supercapacitors :
4. When the plates are charged up, an opposite charge forms on
either side of the separator, creating what’s called a electric double
layer, maybe just one molecule thick.
5. There are two types of double layer capacitor resulting from different charge
storage mechanisms.
Electrical double-layer capacitor: An EDLC stores energy in the double-
layer at the electrode/electrolyte interface. In this type of capacitor, the
electrode material used for the construction of the cell for the former is
mainly carbon material.
Electrochemical double layer capacitor or super/pseudo-capacitor:
supercapacitor sustains a Faradic reaction between the electrode and the
electrolyte in a suitable potential window. In this type of supercapacitor the
electrode material consists of either transition metal oxides or mixtures of
carbon and metal oxides/polymers.
6. Advantages of supercapacitor:
Provide peak power and backup power.
Extend battery run time and battery life.
Reduce battery size, weight and cost.
Enable low/high (-40⁰C to +65⁰C) temperature operation.
Improve load balancing when used in parallel with a battery.
Provide energy storage and source balancing when used with energy harvesters
Eco-friendly.
7. Limitations:
It can’t be used in AC & high frequency circuits.
High self discharge.
Low energy density.
Supercapacitors are generally restricted to operating voltages in the region of
2.5 - 2.7V
In order to achieve higher operating voltages for supercapacitors, they can be
placed in series. This reduces the total capacitance.
8. Applications:
They can primarily be found in applications that require rapid charge and
discharge cycles, such as in automobiles where they are used for regenerative
braking.
Another common application for supercapacitors is in wind turbines. Here,
very large supercapacitors help to smooth out the intermittent power supplied
by the wind.
Due to unique storage capability of supercapacitors, it has been widely used in
various applications like electric drives, UPS, electric vehicles, SSD’s, LED
flashlights etc.