Cognitive Psychology

1. Group No. 9

2. Preamble
 We have learn about color perception: color vision.
 We have discussed theories of color vision, after
image, color blindness.

3. Learning Outcome
After the completion of topic the participant is
applicable for;
 to describe what is motion perception.
 to demonstrate the Types of motion perception.
 to explain Time perception
 to discuss about Factors Affecting Time Perception.

4. Motion Perception
Motion perception is a far more complicated affair
requiring higher level of perceptual In the brain to
integrate and interpret the responses of different
retinal cells over time. There seems to be a strong
tendency for the visual system to take larger
surrounding figure as the reference frame for the
smaller figure inside it.

5. Motion Perception
We have experienced induced motion many times;
When moon is partially covered with clouds
frequently look as if it is moving though a clouds
when, in fact, it is the clouds that is moving past the
moon. The surrounding clouds induces the perceived
movement in the moon. While being in train that
started moving very slowly, it look that it is the
platform that is moving and not the train.

6. Motion Perception
To detect motion in an object is called motion
perception or perception of movement. When a
stimulus changes its position with the passage of
time, it is labeled as motion. We see this motion as
flying Airplanes, Running vehicle. Likewise birds,
Animals and human beings go place to place and
change their location or space all is known as
perception of movement.

7. Motion Perception
Perception of movement involves the visual
message from the eye and the kinetic message
from the muscle.
Movement can be two types:
1. Real Movement
2. Apparent Movement

8. Motion Perception
Real Movement:
When objects or stimuli actually change
their position with the passage of time, it is known
as real movement, weather this movements from
humans, animals and other vehicles are easily
observed, but bullet fired from a gun or the
movement of clock hands can not observed easily,
even they are called real movement.

9. Motion Perception
Apparent Movement:
This is another type of movement that is
due to some higher level organization procedure for
motion perception is called apparent motion
Example:
Phi-phenomenon
Auto-kinetic

10. Motion Perception
Phi-phenomenon:
The simplest form of apparent motion is
called the phi-phenomenon. It occurs when two
stationary spots of light in different positions in the
visual field are turned on and off alternately at a
rate of about 4 to 5 times per second.
Auto kinetic Effect:
It is another form of apparent motion. A
single stimulus is seen as moving.

11. Motion Perception
Factors in perception of Movement:
Speed, size and Distance are the factors which help in
movement perception.
Speed:
When object is moving at high speed, its movement
become visible e.g. it is difficult to perceive the movement
of wings of fan when working, or bullet when fired due to
speed.

12. Time Perception
The study of time perception is a field with psychology
cognitive linguistics and neuroscience that refers to the
subjective experience, or sense, of time, which is
measured by someone's own perception of the duration
of the indefinite and unfolding of events.
The perceived time interval between two successive
events is referred to as perceived duration.

13. Time Perception
We can perceive time very easily as we perform our
duties according to a schedule. We have to observe
the time of train, School, office , market etc. Each one
of us has to perceive time irrespective of nature of
job. We have watches, clocks and alarm everywhere.
We don’t have to go anywhere to make our time
perception accurate.

14. Time Perception
Factors Affecting Time Perception:
Subjective factors:
Individual mental and physical state affects
the time perception. If the individual is tired, sick, drunk or
having emotional problem, his perception of time will be
different. While waiting for someone taking an examination
or busy in pleasurable activity, our time perception
changes accordingly.

15. Time Perception
Factors Affecting Time Perception:
Objective factors:
Environmental events, objects processes
indicate or help us in perceiving time. Our cultural values
are very important in this regard. A practical Muslim can
easily perceive the time with reference of prayers. While
living in villages where modern equipments are not as
dominating as in cities, people pick the cues from location
of sun, moon and stars for time perception.

16. Time Perception
Form Perception:
Perception is a comprehensive
process in which we arrange and organize our
sensory information.
Gestalt psychologists stressed that human
perceptual process is the indication of
organization, that’s why whole is grater than its
parts.

17. Time Perception
Form Perception:
The Gestalt Psychologists studied extensively form
perception, or the perception of objects, shapes
and patterns. Gestalt principles may be broken
down into two categories: perceptual organization
and depth perception.

18. Gestalt Principles of
Perceptual Organization
Continuity:
 We tend to perceive figures or objects as
belonging together if they appear to form a
continuous pattern
Closure:
 We perceive figures with gaps in them to be
complete

19. Gestalt Principles of Perceptual
Organization
Similarity:
 We perceive figures which look alike as being
grouped together
Proximity:
 We perceive things close together as being in
sets
Pragnanz:
 We perceive reality in the simplest way rather
than inferring complexity

21.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-2bj8PchVnM
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TsfAmUBeGDo
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=To-HBcjsUOk
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AcUoW1ek5zU
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMZjN-DbIJ8
Reference