INFORMATION PROCESS (MEMORY ,FORGETTING AND RETENTION)

1. Psychological
Challenges to
students
By
Zameer Ahmed Qureshi

3. LEARNING

4. What is Learning?
• Learning is the act of acquiring new, or
modifying and reinforcing existing, knowledge,
behaviors, skills, values, or preferences.
• This may lead to a potential change in
synthesizing information, depth of the
knowledge, attitude or behavior.

5. Types of Learning
• Primary learning
• Secondary Learning

6. Classical Conditioning

8. Operant conditioning
• Operant conditioning
is a method of learning that occurs
through rewards and punishments for
behavior..

10. Memory

11. What is MEMORY?
It is persistence of learning over time
through the storage and retrieval of
information.
It is Power of retaining and
reproducing mental or sensory
impressions.

15. Sensory Memory
• A holding tank for all sensory
information for split seconds

19. PQ 4 R method
• Preview
• Question
• Read
• Recite
• Reflect
• Review

21. Stress
& its Management

22. Stress
• Defined as feeling of strain,
pressure or feeling of anxiety

23. Stress in students
• Stress: The human
reaction to events in
our environment
• Defined as feeling of
strain, pressure or
feeling of anxiety

24. Eustress: Good Stress
– Getting into college
– Getting position in exams
– Winning the lottery/ game

25. Distress: Stress from bad sources
– Difficult study
environment
– Noises and sounds
– Threat of personal
injury

26. Stages of body response to stress
• Stage I - Alarm Reaction
– The “fight or flight” response
• Stage II – Stage of adaptation
• Stage III – Stage of Exhaustion

27. HEALTHY LIVING
TO CONQUER
STRESS

28. HEALTHY LIVING TO CONQUER STRESS
• Examine your diet
– Lower your salt
intake
– Lower your intake of
refined sugars and
carbohydrates
– Lower your caffeine
intake
• Add to your diet
– Vegetables
– Fruits
– Complex Carbohydrates
– Vitamins
– Water

29. HEALTHY LIVING
• Rest:
–Get a minimum
of 7-8 hours of
continuous rest

30. HEALTHY LIVING
• Exercise:
– At least thirty
minutes, five times a
week
– break a sweat, to
release endorphins

31. HEALTHY LIVING
• Talk things out
with someone you
trust – Parents, a
family member,
teacher or a good
friend

32. HEALTHY LIVING

33. HEALTHY LIVING
• Make an increased
effort to organize
your life
• Ask for help
• Delegate things when
you need to

34. HEALTY LIVING
• Learn to manage your
anger
• Anger affects your
health
• Anger causes you to
over react to many
situations

35. HEALTHY LIVING
• Fill your life with
fun things to
do!!!!
• Keep your sense
of humor!!!!
• We call it :
PLAY THERAPY

36. HEALTHY LIVING
• Do not misuse
• Alcohol
• Drugs
• Marijuana
• Medicines & Pills

37. HEALTHY LIVING
• Relaxing needs
to be part of
your daily
routine.

38. HEALTHY LIVING
• Be regular in
saying Namaz
• Recite Quran
& holy Verses

39. RELAAAAAAX

40. HEALTHY LIVING
• RELAAAAAAX

41. HEALTHY LIVING
Sports

42. HEALTHY LIVING
Sight
Seeing

43. HEALTHY LIVING
• Regular
Walk

44. STRESS MANAGEMENT
• Get Professional help
from:
• Psychologist
• Counselling Center

45. STRESS MANAGEMENT
Questions
????????

47. Edited By:
• ZAMEER AHMED QURESHI
• LECTURER OF JHLUM VALLY
CAMPUS (UAJK)