This is the 1st stage of my presentation.

1. Power Management
Schemes for NFC
YOGESH SINGH
Electronics and Telecommunication,
St. Francis Institute of Technology

2. Contents
• Introduction
• NFC Operating modes
• Applications
• NFC vs Bluetooth
• Factors leading to Power Consumption
• Power Reduction Techniques
• Conclusion
• Reference
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3. Introduction
• NFC or Near Field Communication is a short range high
frequency wireless communication technology.
• Extension of Radio frequency identification.
• Contactless communication between handheld devices.
• NFC is an extension of Radio frequency identification.
• Range of upto 10cms(3.9inches).
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4. Evolution of NFC
• In 2004, NFC Forum was formed by Nokia, Philips, Sony to
set standards for NFC . Every NFC enabled device will have
an “N-Mark” trademark ,developed by NFC Forum.
Fig.1.Trademark by NFC Forum [ ]
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5. Features
• It operates within the globally available and unlicensed radio
frequency band of 13.56 MHz, with a bandwidth of 14 kHz.
• Supported data rates: 106, 212 and 424 Kbit/s.
• For two devices to communicate using NFC, one device must
have an NFC reader/writer and one must have an NFC tag.
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6. NFC Reader
• Microcontroller-based
• generating radio frequency at 13.56 MHz
• transmit energy to a tag and read information back from it
• The reader continuously emits RF carrier signals
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7. NFC Tag
• Passive
• The passive tag absorbs energy emitted by the reader
• Starts sending information
• FSK or Phase modulation.
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8. Operation of NFC
• NFC has two communicative terminals :
• INITIATOR
• TARGET
Fig.2.Operation of NFC [ ]
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9. Modes of Operation
• NFC operates in two modes:
-Active Mode
-Passive Mode
To be more precised NFC operates in three modes
-Reader/writer mode
-Peer-to-Peer mode
-Card Emulation mode
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10. Active Mode
• In this mode, both devices with NFC chip can generate an
electromagnetic field and exchange information with each
other.
Fig.3. Active Communication Mode
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11. Passive Mode
• A passive device, such as an NFC tag, contains information
that other devices can read but does not read any information
itself, so there is only one active user.
Fig.4. Passive Communication Mode
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12. Operating Modes
• Reader/writer mode
• Peer-to-Peer mode
• Card Emulation mode
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13. Applications
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14. NFC vs Bluetooth
NFC BLUETOOTH
Range 0 to 10cms 0 to 100meters
Parallel Connect 2 Devices Many
Speed 400Kbps 2Mbps
Power Consumption Very Low High
Connection Ease Very Easy Difficult(Handshake
Required)
Mode Both Active and Passive Only Active
Application Usage Short connections Prolonged Connections
Security Very High High
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15. Factors Leading to Power Consumption
• Scanning
• Sharing
• Collision
• Interferences
• Prolong Connection Duration
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16. Power Consumption Reduction
• PTF-Determinator- 12% of the energy can be saved on
average
• FSS and BIN-the battery drain can be reduced by up to 34%
• Protocol-Independent Detection- consumes only 1%
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17. Conclusion
• We have seen NFC and its operational modes and also
the factors leading to power consumption. In the next
stage we will discuss some power reduction techniques.
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18. References
• Richard G. Mair, “Protocol-Independent Detection of Passive Transponders for
Near-Field Communication Systems.” IEEE Transactions On Instrumentation And
Measurement, vol. 59, no. 4, April 2010.
• L. Biao, H. Ai-Qun, and Q. Zhong-Yuan, “Trends and brief comments on anti-
collision techniques in radio frequency identification system,” Proc. 6th Int. Conf.
ITS Telecommun., pp. 241–245, 2006
• Manuel Menghin, Norbert Druml, Christian Steger, Reinhold Weiss, Holger Bock
and Josef Haid, “The PTF-Determinator: A run-time method used to save energy in
NFC-Systems.”, Fourth International EURASIP Workshop on RFID
Technology,2012.
• Manuel Menghin, Norbert Druml, Bernhard Kipperer, Christian Steger, Reinhold
Weiss,Holger Bocky and Josef Haidy “Energy Efficiency by Using Field Strength
Scaling for Multi-Transponder Applications” 12th International Conference on
Telecommunications - ConTEL 2013.
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19. THANK YOU
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