Tectonic Convergence At The Eurasian And African

Tectonic Convergence At The Eurasian And African
Plate tectonic convergence at a rate of about 4 mm/year between the Eurasian and African. Plates dominates the straits of Gibraltar (Argus et al.,
1989). The stratigraphic evolution of the sediment drifts is therefore greatly influenced by both regional tectonics and ocean circulation (Medialdea et
al., 2009; Lopes et al., 2006; Terrinha et al., 2009; Zitellini et al., 2009). Coring results from Expedition 339 showed that initial contourite formation
started at about 4.5 to 4.2 Ma ago with more prominent formation of the contourite drifts taking place in the Quaternary (Expedition 339 Scientists,
2012). Today, circulation passing through the straits of Gibraltar is noticeable and identifiable by the exchange of warm and salty MOW with cool
and less salty North Atlantic water flowing into the Mediterranean Sea. The MOW has a temperature of about 12В°C. The sill depth of the straits of
Gibraltar known as the Camarinal Sill is about 280 m. The mixing of the MOW with the North Atlantic central water forms two water masses, one at
500 –700 m depth and the other at 800 –1400 m depth (Amber and Howe, 1979; Voelker et al., 2006; Stow et al., 2011; Voelker and de Abreu, 2011).
The formation of these water masses leads to the emergence of strong bottom currents that flow northwestward along the margin above the North
Atlantic Deep water and under the Atlantic Inflow Water. More importantly, the merging of these strong currents and the bathymetry of the Gulf of
Cadiz has led to
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Analysis Of The Yellow Pill By Fog Phillips
Sanity is in the mind of the beholder; one person's reality is not necessarily the reality for everyone. In the short story, "The Yellow Pill" by Rog
Phillips, this is the main idea when two men, Dr. Elton and Jerry Bocek, meet in either a psychiatrist's office or in a spaceship. By the end of the
story, it is clear that Dr. Elton is living in reality and the story takes place onearth. Throughout the short story there are many instances that tell the
reader that both Dr. Elton and Jerry are on earth, but the opening sentence gives it away. Phillips wrote, "Dr. Cedric Elton slipped into his office by the
back entrance, shucked off his topcoat and hid it in the small, narrow–doored closet, then picked up the neatly piled patient cards his receptionist,
Helena Fitzroy, had placed on the corner of his desk." This opener describes a normal, professional psychiatrist entering his office to begin his day,
on earth. Dr. Elton has to be on earth because he enters his office through a back entrance. If this story would have taken place in space, he would
not have been able to do enter this way because coming in through a back entrance implies that he was outside and no human can survive outside of a
spaceship, unless that person is in a spacesuit which Dr. Elton was not. Overall, Rog Phillips starts off the story on Earth. Not only is the story setup
on earth, but there are characters that back up the idea of being on earth. Trying to get more information on the case, and on

Aurora Borealis Research Papers
The beauty of the Aurora Borealis, also known as Northern Lights, have captured the attention of many people, but what exactly makes it so
magnificent? In the past, the Native people of Alaska have created myths, legends, and beliefs that were passed down through generations about what
the lights were made up of, but today scientists have gathered information and have come to a conclusion; however, there are still mysteries that remain
unknown. In short terms, explosions on the sun releases charged particles called plasma into the solar system (Goodrich). Some of these particles hit
Earth, which then reacts with our planet's magnetic field and atmosphere. Then, the atoms and molecules in the atmosphere light up due to the
electrons moving up to higher–energy orbits and back down to the lower–energy orbit (Imster).
In longer terms, Norwegian scientist Kristian Birkeland was the first to conduct a controlled experiment by building a terrella, which is a "world in a
glass box." Birkeland used a small magnetized metal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once the particles hits the magnetosphere, the solar wind compresses the Earth; however, the shield has a weakness called the polar cusps, which is
located above the Earth's magnetic poles. The solar wind can access that upper layer, which creates dayside auroras which are invisible to us (Brekke).
When solar wind is traveling through space, it is sometimes joined by a large solar gas eruption called coronal mass ejections, CME. There are chances
of CME crashing into the magnetosphere which results in geomagnetic storms; these storms cause worldwide disturbances. In addition, the Sun has an
extended magnetic field called the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) that the solar wind carries. Soon, the IMF reaches the Earth's magnetic field at
the magnetopause, the outer limit of the magnetosphere, and here is the place that a storm's power is determined

Causes And Effects Of Solar Storms
A solar storm with that classification can produce long–lasting radiation storms which can damage satellites and even damage influence airline
passengers that fly near the polls. The small radiation doses produced as well by X–class flares also hold the potential to create global transmission
problems and worldwide blackouts. When solar flares are produced from the sun, radiation is emitted across the entire electromagnetic spectrum,
starting at radio waves at the long end of the spectrum to x–ray and gamma rays at the short wavelength end. The beta and gamma radiation produced
from the solar flare influence the semiconductors present in most electronic systems in today's technology. When the radiation passes through the
semiconductor is can have two major effects: one is to make electron–hole pairs which may create soft errors and, if the radiation is produced in a
sufficient amount permanent damage can be caused by creating large numbers of charges with sufficient energy injected into silicon dioxide regions
and change the characteristics of the transistor. Not only can solar radiation damage small components but can damage a large part of the power grid.
When a geomagnetic storm hits the earth the produced electromagnetic energy from the solar wind causes geomagnetically induced currents. This is
similar to the process of when an electrical generator produces electricity, the currents produced by the solar storm are a geo electric field but have a
magnetic field the same

Research Paper On Europa's Gravity
remember asking my team members why we did not need to calculate as much for the return trip thinking about the moon Europa's gravity?
"Of course, it is a factor but the gravity of earth compared to Europa is very different (Europa's gravity is very like our moon, which is 5/6 less than
earth's gravity)." A team member responded. The escape velocity (4) (the velocity required for an object to leave the gravitational field) to leaveearth
was one that my space craft needed to beat in order for my mission to be a success. (the escape velocity for earth is 11.2 km/s) The escape velocity
takes in account the gravitational force, the mass of the object, and the radius (the distance of from the center of the earth) (the escape velocity is the
sum ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Back on earth I loved to spend time in the gym to work out. This not only made my muscles healthy but it was a good distraction from the realities
of my classes in college, my jobs after college, and other things. Working out also gave me a healthy mindset, which is perfect for travelling in
space. Looking out the window into space was truly mesmerizing. Seeing the infinite darkness with specs of light from the stars gave me a whole
new perspective. My first mission in space was a six month stay on the International Space Station. From the ISS I could see an amazing sunrise, but
this new mission made me feel so disconnected from my home. Travelling where no man has ever gone gave me new inspiration and courage.
As my destination approached I began to refresh my studies on Europa. Europa is a moon (11) (a celestial body that orbits around a planet)
(Jupiter has 63 moons) (moons can also be described as a natural satellite) of the Galilean family orbiting Jupiter. Europa is similar in the size of the
earth's moon but slightly smaller (Europa's mass 4.8 * 10^22 kg compared to the moon 7.3*10^22 kg). The surface is fairly new due to the lack of
crater impacts. The surface has many crevices and cracks making it look like glaciers compressing and stretching. This is what brought scientists so
curious. The stretching due to

English 102 Space Writing Project
Han Yao 1663759
Instructor Erika Harnett
ESS 102 A
May 4th, 2017
Writing Project
Jack knows very well that some astronauts ignore the consequences of space weather when going on missions. He has heard one of the astronauts who
went on a mission to explore the Moon exposed to solar flares without any protection except his space suit. This is completely stupid and dangerous
since high energy protons will be emitted during this event. These high energy particles can deposit their energy when passing through human's body
and ionize particles in the human body. These will do damage to DNA which is mostly not repairable by human cells. Though this event always
happens simultaneously, the astronaut should avoid exposing in the space when detecting ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fin is already so excited about the trip to Mars. This is their first mission to outer space. Of course, they feel honored to be chosen to take this
mission. But Jack still worries about his carefree partner. Though they are kind of good friends in normal life, Jack is definitely not willing to make
his life in Fin's control. Jack tried to talk to Fin about their problems many times, however, Fin did not consider this as a big deal. In his mind, there is
not so much concern but to complete the mission and return to the Earth. As time goes by, the situation does not change but only get

The Science Of The Earth Essay
Introduction
The science that is connected with planet earth encompasses geosciences or earth science among others. Containing old histories, this is considered as
a part of planetary science while it possesses holistic and reductionist approaches in the science of the planet Earth. This discipline can cope with
lithosphere, atmosphere, biosphere or hydrosphere. Quantitative understanding has been developed by the scientists to understand the ground systems
with the tools by mathematics, physics, chronology, biology, chemistry alike that help to know how the universe is evolved.
Deliberations
According to a news release from NASA, coronal mass ejections caused by geomagnetic storms have been enhanced in strength; as from G1 to G5,
they were rated G3 in 2012. The earth planet is surrounded and by bubbles of magnetic fields while rapid changes in the earth magnetosphere were
witnessed due to activities that happened on sun that caused a geomagnetic storm. With earth's magnetic fields, coronal mass ejections were mingled; as
a result, the wind became mild in intensity reported in the month of March in the corresponding year (Philips, 2009).
On the other hand, the geomagnetic storms have been intensified and enhanced in their frequency as magnetic fields of coronal mass ejections indulges
with that of the earth that causes change of direction and leave more radiation and magnetic energy into the environment of the planet earth. Solar
Hemispheric Observatory and Solar

The Monarch Butterfly : The Life Of The Monarch Butterfly
Introduction:
My project is about the monarch butterfly. I will be explaining how the monarch butterflies migrate and how they use the earth's magnetic field to do
so. The Danaus Plexippus or commonly known as the Monarch butterfly. It such a beautiful insect, yet no one really knows about their migration and
how they use the Earth's magnetic field to do this. The Monarch Butterfly lives in more than one place. The monarchs spend their summer and spring in
Canada and the migrate south to Mexico to escape the cold weather and snow. Most winters, this weather reaches an incredible icy temperature of
nearly –15 degrees Celsius. No one knows for sure how these fascinating insects migrate these thousands of kilometres, but it is thought to be a
combination of the Earth's magnetic field and Solar navigation. Monarch butterflies are born as caterpillars and caterpillars feed almost entirely on
milkweed. When they have transformed into a butterfly they feed on nectar from flowers. The monarch butterfly always goes back to a milkweed
plant to lay their eggs. The milkweed plant that caterpillars digest is a poisonous toxin. This is the reason that the butterfly tastes horrible to predators.
Migratory path: There are two main reasons why the monarch butterflies migrate. Firstly, Monarchs cannot survive in such low temperatures of nearly
–15 degrees, and secondly, they rely on a source of plant called milkweed, but milkweed does not grow in cold weather, and they

Magnets : Magneto 's Revenge
Adam Dadulak
LA124
Magnets: Magneto's Revenge
Magnetism
Magnetism is a class of physical phenomena mediated by magnetic fields. All materials are in some way influenced by a magnetic field. The force
between any two charged particles depends on the magnitude of the charge on each and the distance that separates them. In addition to electrical forces,
there is a force due to the motion of the charged particles known as the magnetic force.
Magnetic Poles
Magnetic forces exert on one another similarly to electrical forces in that they can both attract and repel without physically interacting, depending on
which poles are placed in a close enough proximity. Like electrical forces, the strength of this force is dependant on distance between the two magnets.
However, unlike electrical charges, which have a charge central to the electrical forces, regions known as the magnetic poles are the centers of magnetic
force. http://www.aplusphysics.com/courses/regents/electricity/images/MagneticFieldLines.gif
If a magnetic bar is held at the middle by a string, it will act as a compass due to the poles being attracted to the Earth's magnetic field and point
northward with its north–seeking pole and southward with its south–seeking pole, or north and south poles respectively. All magnets have at least one
north and south pole and some may have more than one of each. When the north pole of a magnet is brought near another north pole, the magnets

Essay on Two Research Studies into Animal Navigation
Two Research Studies into Animal Navigation
Keeton conducted a study regarding the ability of pigeon's to navigate. It was suggested that pigeons are able to detect the earth's magnetic field, and
therefore navigate with this aid. An experiment carried out to explore this possibility. Small magnets were attached to the heads of pigeons which were
then released in unfamiliar surroundings. The magnets were designed to disrupt any detection of the earth's magnetic field. The pigeon's ability to find
it's way back to it's home loft was then observed. It was found that the pigeons had difficulty returning home on overcast days, but had very little
difficultly doing so on clear, sunny days. This ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These butterflies were found to be headed in a different direction to the original butterflies. Their path's were at a 90 degree angle from the path's of
the normal butterflies. This suggested that the butterflies headed in a certain direction according to where they believe the sun should be for the time
of day they believed it to be. It was also found that the butterflies did not respond to changes in magnetic fields suggesting that their primary compass
system is based on the sun.
b) Assess what these studies can tell us about homing and/or migration.
Both studies suggest that animals do not necessarily use just one method to navigate. Keeton's studies shows pigeon's to use both magnetic field and
the sun depending on the weather condition. This demonstrates that animals are able to adapt their navigational strategy accordingly as it is essential
for survival. However, in Mouritsen and Frost's experiment, it was suggested that butterflies only utilise one strategy of navigation; the sun. Even in
cloudy conditions butterflies are said to use patterns of polarised light visible through the clouds. In this case, the idea that animals adapt to different
weather conditions cannot be put forward. The butterflies were able to navigate their direction even when the sun was not actually present. This puts
forward the idea that animals do not necessarily

Magnetic Data Essay
3.DATA AND METHODOLOGY 3.1. Magnetic Data The used data are based on the reduced to pole (RTP) aeromagnetic data (Fig. 2) with
contour interval of 20 nT, scale 1:250,000 (total field of the area is 41,400 nT, inclination angle is 37.4 degrees and declination angle is +1.6
degrees). The magnetic data was compiled for the Eastern Desert and the Red Sea, based on Meshref (1990) and available in Saad (1991). The Union
Oil Company carried out this survey in 1974. Fig. (2): 3.2. Determination of the Curie point depth (CPD) Magnetic anomalies are produced by grouping
the effects from both shallow and deep magnetic sources (ThГ©bault et al., 2010). Consequently, the RTP data contain high wavenumbers and low
wavenumbers anomalies together. The... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The centroid of the magnetic source Z0 can be estimated by fitting a straight line over the low–wavenumber portion of the radially averaged
frequency–scaled power spectrum as shown in the flowing formula: ............ (2) Where D is a constant. Therefore, Zt and Z0 of the magnetic body
can be determined. The basal depth (Zb) of any magnetic source can be resulted (Okubo et al., 1985; Tanaka et al., 1999) as: Zb=
2Z0–Zt........................ (3) The obtained bottom depth (Zb) of the magnetic source is equivalent to the CPD. (Bhattacharyya and Leu 1975; Okubo et
al. 1985). At Zb, Ferromagnetic minerals are loss their magnetization due to a temperature of about 580Вє C. Spector and Grant (1970) generalized
their energy power spectrum expression of the map by assuming that the anomalies of any magnetic map are come from a group of vertical magnetic
prisms. Smith et al. (1974), Boler (1978) and Connard et al. (1983) applied the expression of this energy power spectrum to define the depth of the
deepest magnetic layer. To link the CPD (Zb) with the Curie point isotherm (580ВєC), the vertical direction of temperature variation and the constant
geothermal gradient were assumed. The geothermal gradient (dT/dZ) from the CPD (Zb) to the earth's surface can be derived (Tanaka et al. 1999;

The Earth 's Core Astronomy
Under the sun 's scorching dense beams, I lounge in my house located just outside the city of Eurasic.
I begin to pack for space, arriving home from a test trial of the space zones departing in several weeks. Since my 18th birthday, I have currently been
living alone in a small pod for the past 4 years
Eurasic is one of five neighboring cities remaining on the earth. Due to the significant effects of global warming, the earth is dying, turning a fragile
antique object that is ready to sell. The land is eroding, destroying and flooding, leaving few parts of European land to call home for the 2 million
people who remain.
With this dilemma, I have done my part to ensure the survival of the human race. For the past ten years, space ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
"We need to make sure that nothing is cut short, especially food," another engineer mentions while I diligently work.
"This is such a huge moment in history," James acknowledges, "Space travel has been blocked off ever since the horrific crash 30 years ago, leading
to the bankruptcy of NASA."
Apparently NASA was some fancy space program created by the government, but for now, ECAPS will hope to replace and improve off of NASA's
mistakes. Space travel laws have been abolished, once again allowing people to space travel.
Ever since I was young, I have heard stories about the earth and how it was 60 years ago,"the earth was pure and full of life," my mother would
acknowledge, " animals roamed the lands, human population was vast and people would travel to space for experimenting."
Such extinctions and adventures have left people like me confused. How much did the earth loose in such a short period of time?
Yes, there are a lot of questions that currently have yet to be answered, but our taoks(toks) don't have the knowledge to provide people the
information that is such desired. Toks, are arms devices containing files that have been stored, (some private and others accessible to review) and
required to be implanted at the age of 18.

What Are The Earth 's Magnetic Poles?
Research Question:
Through brief discussions with my father, the position of sleep became a concerning topic at home. Disagreements between dad and I helped me
cross–pollinate ideas and queries regarding sleep. Refining and eliminating through the process of planning ignited potential options. Combining and
recombining aspects of sleep through devising and communications with the teacher, a question was produced. Whether the magnetic fields and position
of sleep were connected fascinated me, whilst curiosity to discover and reveal questioning about the matter urged me to find an explanation.
Guiding questions:
What are the Earth 's magnetic poles?
п‚®How do two magnetic poles work?
п‚®significance to Earth
Where are they situated?
п‚®Are they situated anywhere?
п‚®How strong are they?
п‚®Does it link to the health of humans?
What factors contribute to/ to lack of sleep?
п‚®Does it depend on individual?
п‚®Mattress, the position of sleep?
п‚®Disorders/ sleeping disorders?
What are the connections between the brain and magnetism?
п‚®Particular links greatly affecting sleep
Are there any activities present in the brain whilst sleeping?
п‚®Is the brain still active?

п‚®Are there different types of sleep?
Possible sources available, appropriate to topic include: www.aadsm.org American Academy of Dental sleep
Medicine. (Email interview).
Sleep specialist. (Interview in Adelaide or through email). Psychologist. (Interview).
Adelaide institute of Sleep. (Interview) Quora.

Solenoid Lab
Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to find the magnitude of Earth's Magnetic field using solenoids.
Procedure:
For this lab, we used a commercial solenoid with 120 turns that is 46 cm long. We set up the solenoid in a circuit with a battery, ammeter, and
variable resistor. The solenoid has a compass in the middle, so that we can measure the variation in the angle. When we close the circuit, we can
change the current by adjusting the variable resistor and recording the value from the ammeter. To get our results, we record the current in amps, and
the deflection of the compass needle from North in degrees. We recorded this for four current values, including zero Amps. Data:
I (Amps)Оё (degrees)
00В°
.011715В°
.020927В°
.047450В°
Theory: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Error Analysis:
Our value for the magnetic field is different than the USGS value for Fayetteville because the USGS value is an average for all of Fayetteville, and
we measured it at one particular spot. Though it is not included in this report, we also measured the actual field at the location of the solenoid, and our
value was within 10% of that value. Any deviation from the actual value of the field can be attributed to stray fields near the solenoid, and the shielding
nature of the SCEN building.
Conclusion:
The primary result of this lab was the calculation of Earth's magnetic field. This was found by measuring the magnetic field in a solenoid, and finding
Earth's field in relation to the solenoid.

Issues of Race in "Dawn" Essay
How do we know that we are human? How do we know that we got saved by another race? What is are race? Humans have many races Lilith, a
human form the planet earth showed me that we really don't know how to be human into we are put in are nature averment. The book is bass on the
idea that human have distort them self's in a war. The way that are society is we depend on race, religion, and cuter. In the early days we did not
always black to be with white. In the book Lilith go throw awakening, were she does not know where or how she got in a hole that she thinks on earth.
She things that she is still on earth and that the people have taken her for no reason. She tells as that age is 22 but latter we find out that she is 26. On
her last so ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nikanj trends Lilith to be able to open and do what Oankali did with her help her people understand what happen and what is going to happen. The
Oankali kind told her that they will take all of them back to earth and her group is like the guinea pig. The issue of race also show up when Oankali
tells her that his kind can eat human food, but she cannot eat there's. The Oankali's showed Lilith how to live on her on. Nikanj tells her all this stuff
that it will do that at the end it does not keep. The issue of race show up at the end too when Nikanj tells her that she is pregnant with Joseph's child
who is another human. She says that the child will not be human it will be a monster and that it is wrong for her to have the child. She in the last
chapter faces the fact that all the other humans are scared of her and when she goes on a walk all of the other humans go to earth and she is laved
on the training floor. When she gets back to the fire that is when she sees's Nikanj. He tells he that she can leave when the other humans leave and
get awakened. She did not no how to fell about this. But how would you feel if you could not be with your own kind for a long time, even after she
was told that she could be. The book really makes you think about if we do destroy are world what will happen to use. There most likely will not we
another race to save as from extension. With all the war that we have we don't look at what it is doing to

Physics Test Notes
Society has become increasingly dependent on electricity over the last 200 years Random Keywords: Independent Variable: variable that is changed
Dependent Variable: thing that changes with independent variable, it is what you measure Control Variables: variable held constant for reference
Validity or valid: the extent to which a measurement accurately reflects the concept, which is intended to measure Accuracy: how close your
measurement or results are to the true value Reliability: the extent to which a measurement yields consistent stable and uniform results over repeated
observations or measurements. Domestic energy and how it has changed * The first sources of electrical energy were batteries, which... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
ric Field Definition of electric field (E) at a point in space: the electric force (F) acting on a positive test charge placed at that point divided by the
magnitude of the test charge q0 E = F ––––– q0 E = F ––––– q0 * Where k is a constant called coulomb constant * The unit of charge in SI units is the
(C) * k = (approximately) 9.0 x 109 N.m2/C2 Electric Field * Electric field lines are a convenient way to visualize electric field patterns * It is
shown by drawing the electric field at any point (Einstein just got smarter) * If the lines of force are close together it indicated that the field is
strong and therefore where the field lines are further apart it indicates that the field is weak The rules for drawing electric field lines for any
charge distribution * You must always begin on a positive charge and terminate on a negative one, infinity may be considered in the case of an
excess charge * The number of lines drawn leaving a positive charge or approaching a negative charge is proportional to the magnitude of the charge *
No field line can cross Electric field lines for a positive point charge * The lines in an electric field are not actually two dimensional but are directed
radially outward from the charge in all directions * Since a positive test charge placed in this field would be repelled by the charge q, the line are
directed radially away from the

Monarch Butterfly Migration
Once it was concluded that the monarchs use a time–compensated sun compass, which required daylight cues, it has been observed that the monarch
still had the ability to orient their flight south in the absence of directional daylight (such as an overcast). Since most migrant organisms use the
inclination angle of the earth magnetic field to guide their longitudinal movements in either a poleward or equatorward direction, this lead to the idea
that the monarchs might also use a magnetic compass as a guide. Patrick Guerra and his lab, with the use of flight simulators demonstrated that the
migrants have an inclination magnetic compass that they use has a guide. Magnetic compass trials were performed during the 2012 and 2013
migration seasons, in which the migrants were captured from near greenfield, Massachusetts, near Edge pass, Texas and near St. Marks, Florida. The
monarch migrants were housed indoors in a glassine ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Understanding the monarch butterfly can help allude the neural circuitry involved in migratory vertebrates. In the past 15 years, butterfly migration
research has progressed tremendously. The discovery of the time–compensated compass along with the combination of its circadian clock has allowed
researchers to begin searching for the neural mechanism's involved in the migrant's flight. Even though the neurons involved in the sun compass are
being better understood, the field still has a long way to go. Migrant researchers are looking next to understand the neural circuitry between the
antennae and the central complex as well as the discover what role the novel function of antennal clock has in the sun compass concerning orientation.
There is also the pursuit in understanding the neuronal level in regards to the proper function of the antennal genetic circadian clock and azimuth of the
sun and how they are integrated to produce flight

Permanent Magnets Essay
Ben Galles
Katie Booker
Language Arts
December 2, 2015
Magnets
Magnets have been mysterious and strange for many years, but humans have slowly learned more about them. Temporary magnets are metals that can
temporarily be magnetized. Permanent magnets are magnets that can be aligned and made into magnets using other magnets, such as iron and nickel.
"Magnet and magnetism." Britannica School.Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 2015. Web. 24 Nov.
2015. .
Some magnets are very strong, such as electromagnets. You might think they are hard to make but they are fairly easy. Just take a metal a wrap it with
some copper wire until you can barely see the metal then, run electricity through the copper wire. The metal will act like it is a permanent magnet. ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is called the Maglev standing for magnetic levitation. It uses opposite poles to repel train from the tracks so there is very little friction and it can
move very fast. It is the fastest type of train.
"Magnet Power." Science Spin 2–3. Feb. 2012: 1+. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 02 Dec. 2015.
The origin of Earth's magnetic field has not been discovered but it is thought to be made from the spinning of the iron and nickel and the core of
earth, anyways earth has a magnetic field. It is constantly changing every million years the poles switch. so north is south and south is north. The
magnetic field is like the wake of a ship caused by the solar wind. Like pouring water down a slope that has an object in the way, the water will go
around just like the magnetic field of earth bends away from the sun. The region of space covered with earth's magnetic field is called the
magnetosphere.
"The Earth's Magnetic Field." The Earth's Magnetic Field. Web. 4 Dec. 2015.
Before magnets people had to use stars to find direction, so people tried to find new ways to find directions. People had already found a rock that
could pull other rocks towards itself. Earth is a rock, maybe it could pull itself toward earth. So the magnetic compass was born, the north side of the
magnet would point to the north side of the

Bar Magnets Essay
1.Bar magnet is the simplest form to explain magnetism. Bar magnets are permanent magnets and this means that they have magnetism all the time, it
can't be turned on and it can't be switched off. They have two poles that include: north–seeking pole (N) and south–seeking pole (S). These poles appear
to occur in equal and opposite pair. Magnetic meridian is the vertical plane in which the magnet lies. Magnets are made of materials that can be
magnetized, which are also the ones that can be attracted to magnet, which are called ferromagnetic materials. These include: iron, steel, nickel, cobalt,
some alloys of rare earth metals and some naturally occurring minerals such as lodestone. Mu–metal is a nickel based soft magnetic alloy, ... Show more
Small bar magnets that are responsible for a magnetic behaviour are actually groups of atoms. Electron particles show magnetic behaviour of their
motion – each electron has a magnetic moment. Groups of these atoms form small domains, in which the magnetic moments of the electrons are
aligned with each other. When material is non–magnetised the domains are aligned in random way so their magnetic field cancels each other out.
Properties of a simple bar magnet:
1.Unlike poles of magnet attract each other
2.Like poles of magnet repel each other
3.The force of the attraction of a magnet is greater at its poles than in the middle.
4.If a bar magnet is suspended by a thread and if it is free to rotate, its south pole will move towards the north pole of the earth and vice versa.
A magnetic field is the magnetic effect of electric currents and magnetic materials. The magnetic field at any given point is specified by both a
direction and a magnitude (or strength); as such it is a vector field. A magnetic field may be plotted by using a plotting compass to define the lines of
force.
Bar magnet is placed on a sheet of white paper. Starting near one end of the magnet, the positions of the ends of the compass needle are marked by
pencil dots. The compass is then moved until the near end of the needle is exactly over the dot furthest from the magnet and a

Language Arts: Measuring Magnetism
Measuring Magnetism
Jack Knight
February 8, 2016
Language Arts
Measuring Magnetism
Magnetism is a very interesting topic. Playing with magnets can be a very fun and interesting thing to do. It is easy to feel a magnetic force when
magnets are close together. They are very fun and interesting, but what makes magnets work?
Magnetic fields are generated by microscopic rotating electrical charges, according to HyperPhysics. All electrical charges have a specific set of
angular motions or spins. The little charges spin very, very fast. When electrons form a pair, they will most likely have one side spin up, (which is the
direction they spin) and the other spin down. This is likely to happen in most of them, but sometimes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A long tail like you would see on a comet. Near Earth, however, the lines stay very close to the "dipole pattern" of a bar magnet, that named because
of its two poles. To Faraday, field lines were mostly a way of showing the structure of the magnetic force. In space research though, they have a
much bigger significance, because electrons and ions tend to stay attached to them, like beads on a string, even becoming trapped when conditions
are right. Because of this attachment, they define an "easy direction" in the rarefied gas of space, like the grain in a piece of wood, a direction in
which ions and electrons, as well as electric currents can easily move. In contrast, motion from one line to another is harder. A map of themagnetic field
lines of the magnetosphere tells, at first look, how different regions are linked and many other important properties. Faraday not only viewed the
space around a magnet as filled with field lines, but also developed an intuitive notion that such space was itself modified, even if it was a complete
vacuum. His younger contemporary, a Scottish physicist named James Clerk Maxwell placed this notion on a firm mathematical footing, including in
it electrical forces as well as magnetic ones. A modified area like this is now known as an electromagnetic field. Today electromagnetic fields are a very

Lab Report On Magnetic Fields
Lab Report 5
Magnetic Fields
Physics 262–003
Author: A. Coughran
Lab Partners: E. Ortiz, H. Barham
Date: 4/12/17
Lab Report 5A. Coughran 4/12/17
Objective:
The objective in Lab 5 is to measure and determine the strength and location of magnetic fields using a coil, solenoid, and magnets. The experimental
values of the strength of the magnetic fields of the solenoid and the coil will be calculated and then compared to their respective theoretical values for
accuracy.
Theory:
Field line patterns exist within a magnetic field that is created by a current. These field lines of a coil or a solenoid can be traced by using a compass
because they create a dipole pattern, meaning that they diverge from the north end and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Finally, the negative and positive power supply plugs were switched to see if this had any effect on the magnetic field of the coil. Both did not have
significant effect.
Procedure B: Field Patterns Inside a Solenoid
A slinky was stretched on the lab bench and taped down with the turns of each slinky at roughly 1 cm apart. Positive and negative alligator clips were
then attached to each end of the slinky to allow for current flow through the slinky. Next, a Vernier magnetic field probe was placed in the center of the
slinky, zeroed, and set to "high sensitivity" for accuracy. The power supply was then turned on and adjusted until the current reached about 0.5A.
Data collection was started and the average experimental magnetic field values, B, were measured several times for accuracy. An average of these
values was then taken using the analyze>statistics tool and then stored in Logger Pro for inclusion in the data section. Next, the theoretical value B
value for the solenoid was measured using Equation 1 above and compared to the average experimental B value mentioned previously in order to
check the setup. A percent error was calculated between each of these values at each current setting.

Once the setup showed good accuracy and was adjusted, the current was varied from 0A to 1.0A and magnetic field data was collected. The magnetic
field data and the

Secret of Magnetism Essay
Research, p.1
Do you want to know a secret? First, consider this: When a magician performs a magic trick, many ask, "How did he do that?" Well...the true
magician never tells because it is a secret. But when speaking about magnetism and its use in our everyday lives, you can learn the SECRET–the secret
of magnetism! A true scientist would be glad to share his secrets through experimentation. Thus, I will share the secret with you. It begins with
science–physics, to be exact: matter and energy, conduction and induction, magnetizing and demagnetizing. All will be explained in myscience project.
More importantly, to discover through experimentation that the secret behind magnetism could be its power! Let's start by defining an electromagnet. ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once again, the electrical current that flows through the wires produces a magnetic field. The magnet will only move if the magnetic field is strong
enough. The wire carrying the electrical current behaves like a magnet. It either attracts or repels the magnet that is above it. If the direction of the
magnetic field changes, then the direction of the electrical current changes. Magnetic field is formed in concentric circles around a current–carrying
wire, laying the wire flat ensures that the strongest part of the wire's magnetic field interacts with the magnet. Electricity and magnetism cannot be
separated. Remember, where there is an electric current, there is always a magnetic field!
Some examples where electromagnets are used in household items are: VCR's, tape players, television cameras, computer disk drives, many small
motors and large motors and even doorbells–which we will learn about later in this project.
Electromagnets are also used in electric generators, to make trains move along the tracks, in junkyards via cranes to move automobiles and to separate
metal trash for recycling.
Thus, to demonstrate on a smaller scale the power of electromagnets, I chose two experiments. First, I tested the strength of an electromagnet in three
ways. The procedure demonstrated the following:
Research, p.3
The magnetic field strength produced by an

Does Natural Light Contains Electricity? If It Possible?
Part A
1. Does natural light contains electricity? If so, how is it possible?
2. What is the difference between current and voltage?
3. Can current and voltage be interchanged?
4. Can you please explain electricity?
5. How is it possible to add more resistance to a circuit that has already been established?
Part B
Why earth's Magnetic Shield Matters
Prompt #1: Did it surprise you to know how much our magnetic field protects us?
No, it did not surprise me as to how our magnetic field is protecting us from the sun. How do you think life on Earth would be affected if magnetic field
weakened significantly?
Just like the planet Mars life would become non–existent due to the fact that without water. The plants and food source would dry up leaving the human
race to die of starvation. Have you heard anything in scientific news recently about Earth 's magnetic field?
The only thing that Ii have heard about the magnetic field that surrounds the earth is in reference to the ozone level. I heard that through the pollution
that we are causing in the air is damaging the ozone and this is something that cannot be replace. When it is gone it is gone similar to yesterday.
What would happen if Earth 's magnetic field flipped? Learning from the planet Mars if the Earth's magnetic field was to flip we would end up just
like the planet desolated. I think that it is possible that we would survive for some time but eventually the radiation would get the best of the earth as
well as the

The Magnetic Field Of Magnets
Abstract Summary
Magnets have a magnetic field surrounding them and these fields is the magnetism force that the magnet poses of an object. On a large scale, the
Earth is a magnet which also has a magnetic field.
Magnets also has North and South poles which can flip. The amount of magnetic material attracted to the magnet, allows the magnet's poles to flip.
Flipping on the earth's magnet could cause destruction on the earth. The magnetic field protects earth from solar radiation.
Purpose of the Experiment:
The purpose of this experiment is to discover if a magnet physically turns or if the magnetic field weakens to allow the North and South poles to flip.
Methods:
Lay the bar magnet on a flat surface so that it is facing a particular direction other than North. This allows to see if the magnet physically towards the
North.
Place some nuts and bolts on the magnet (same amount throughout the experiment)
Tip magnet upside down and observe how many nuts and bolts fall off of the magnet.
Record observations.
Repeat the above steps several times, adding the same amount of nuts and bolts at the same distance as used in the beginning of the experiment. Every
time that the experiment is repeated, observe and record the amount of falling nuts and bolts
Conclusion:
The hypothesis was correct but is was also wrong because the magnetic field did weaken but the magnet also physically turned. This shows that for
magnetic poles to flip, the magnetic field needs to weaken

Paleomagnetism: How I Fit In The Geosphere
My claim on how I fit in the geosphere is that we need paleomagnetism to be able to tell directions and even more. Paleomagnetism is about magnetism
in the earth's rocks which makes up earth's magnetic field. The earth's rocks are three compositional layers which are crust, mantle, and core. "...that the
molten outer core is the source for Earth's magnetic field." (pg.85) This is the main thing for the magnetic field for Earth. By having the magnetic field
we fit in the geosphere because that helps us determine north and south. During this I will explain why it is important to fit in with the geosphere by
having magnetic field on Earth. There are three requirements for the magnetic fields: "A large reservoir of fluid that can conduct electricity

The Impact Of Technology On Society
What is technology? Technology is a form of information that is not thrilling for creating tools, processing actions and removing different types of
materials. Technology is a wide ranged application of scientific knowledge used for different practical purposes. According to (Buchanan, R. 2017) the
achievements of technology from the year of 1900, has improved tremendously from the upcoming decades, which is currently today's time. With
constantly being involved with technology in today's current society witnesses are more advanced based on technology. There is over a wide range of
activities that connects to receiving information that has previously recorded that connects to the history of technology. There have been several
different forms of improvements in technology over the last several decades.
Despite the history of technology, there have been several improvements in technology. According to (Andrews, 2012) major inventions that technology
contributed to previously include the print and press, the telegraph, and the magnetic compass. All inventions that have previously been impacted by
technology now have been expanded into a new form of inventions. The new forms of inventions may have some of the same features as previous
inventions, but most likely is updated and have a few added features. There are many different impacts that technology has had on inventions that
caused an impact on society. With well–done research, previously in history, before there was any

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Essay
Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs)
&
Its Effects on Human Society:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
EENG 3303
College of Engineering
Department of Electrical Engineering
University of Texas at Tyler
Houston, TX
29/11/2016
Adrian Acuna
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical test that physicians use to diagnose and treat medical conditions. MRI uses a powerful
magnetic field, radio frequency pulses and a computer to produce detailed pictures of organs, soft tissues, bone and virtually all other internal body
structures.
I. Introduction
The MRI technique stems from Nikola Tesla's discovery of rotating magnetic fields, in 1882. However, Tesla's discovery isn't the sole building
block of MRI technology, in 1937 Isidor Rabi, of Columbia University, discovered nuclear magnetic resonance. This discover showed that an
atom's nucleus will absorb and emit radio waves if they are exposed to strong enough magnetic fields. The first MRI image was developed on July
3rd, 1977 by Dr. Raymond Damadian in New York. Nowadays the world's most powerful MRI scanner is located at the Magnet Academy and
produces a magnetic field of 21.1 Tesla, at a frequency of 900 megahertz.

At the present time, the human population is chronically exposed to natural and man–made sources of ionizing and non ionizing radiations, the latter
being, for instance, electric and magnetic fields (EMF). Important sources of man–made

The Science That Is Connected With Planet Earth
Geomagnetic Storms
Introduction
The science that is connected with planet earth encompasses Earth Science among others. Geomagnetic storms, also known as a magnetic storm, a
solar storm, or space weather is a disturbance in the Earth 's magnetic field (magnetosphere) caused by energy and flows of charged elements or
plasma from the Sun. Solar storms come in a variety of forms, each capable of distinguishing brands of possible danger. Most magnetic storms are
aimed away from Earth, but when a storm positions in our direction, space weathermen begin to analyze what sort of space weather it may produce,
and how soon to anticipate the chaos [Wisconsin State Journal. P.A2].
Deliberation
What starts a geomagnetic storm is an event called solar flares or an extremely large cloud of solar material called a coronal mass ejection (CME).
When these charged particles get near the earth's magnetic field, due to the increased magnitudes in solar wind, the magnetic field accelerates towards
the geomagnetic poles, therefore causing the phenomena called aurora borealis or northern lights. The other effect of a magnetic storm causes the
geomagnetic field to become highly unstable due to the change and distribution of density, as a result, the ions in the earth's ionosphere become
agitated, resulting in disorder; a massive disruption in our technical systems [Wisconsin State Journal P.A2]. The Sun's temperature shows a
discrepancy on an 11–year solar cycle that is defined by the increasing

Wall-E versus Feed Essay
"Technological progress has merely provided us with more efficient means for going backwards" ("Brainy Quotes" 1). While this epitomizes modern
time, it also represents M.T. Anderson's Feed and Pixar's Wall
–E. Feed is a book about a dystopian society influenced by a device, called "feed",
implanted in the brains of the citizens. The author describes a group of regular teenagers that venture to the moon for a spring break vacation of
partying and going "in mal". The main character, Titus, falls for a girl named Violet who is not like the other stereotypical teens in this book. Violet
received the feed when she was much older and she is homeschooled so her brain is more developed. Together, they go on outrageous adventures until
a hacker at ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He writes of an extreme point where the world needs air factories to live. While Violet is talking to her father she realizes, "'the forest's gone.' 'Yeah.
Jefferson Park?' 'Yeah. That was knocked down to make an air factory'" (Anderson 125). The environment in Feed can't even produce air anymore so
the air is machine–made and fake. Similarly, the environment in Wall–E is also polluted; however, the problem is more severe. The earth has been
completely abandoned for 700 years and the improvement of earth has been given into the hands of a garbage–collecting robot, Wall–E. All of
humanity moved to outer space to live in a ship controlled by robots and centered on technology. The ads on the ship broadcast the advances of space
stating that if there was "too much garbage in your face" on earth, than there is "plenty of space out in space!" (Wall–E). In the futuristic book, Feed,
children are implanted with a "feed" that displays advertisements and controls all thoughts, emotions, and memories. M.T. Anderson writes using satire
of consumerism and deteriorates the complexity in the main character, Titus's, language. Additionally, the characters are influenced by the ads they
see, "When we got off the ship, our feeds were going fugue with all the banners" (Anderson 8). Not only is consumerism an aspect in Feed, but it is
also found in Wall–E. When all humans move to outer space, they adapt an easy lifestyle that includes

The Compass: How a Small Navigational Instrument Changed...
"Navigation, in its simplest form, means to find your way to a point and back again." For much of human history, naval navigation consisted of
travelling on rivers and waterways, and when at sea, following the coastline so to not get lost. The compass changed that; sailors could boldly sail
into the middle of an Ocean, and know that if they headed west, all they had to do to return was head east. The compass itself is a simple navigational
instrument that contains a magnetic component that aligns itself with the Earth's own magnetic pole, allowing the user to know the directions of North
and South, and subsequently East and West. Due to the ease of use, and the efficiency of the compass, it played a major role in the Age of Exploration,
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The compass arrived in Europe in the twelfth century A.D. by sea from the Arabs as the first European reference to it is one of Alexander Neckham,
a St. Albans monk in the twelfth century. The birthplace of the modern European magnetic compass was then in Amalfi, where, between 1295 and
1302, a perfected version of the Chinese compass was created in the form of a round box with a magnetic component, a compass card, wind rose, and
the 360 degrees marked out. It is important to note that the main use for the compass in Europe was navigation, opening the doors to its potential as a
significant navigational tool.
The advantages of the compass become clear when compared to earlier methods of navigation, early tools, and those used at the time of the
compass. Early navigation relied heavily on sight, memory, and estimations. Navigators would estimate their positions based on the constellations,
the sun, the moon, and visual cues like islands and the shore. Early seafarers stayed close to the land, so they would follow the coast to their
destination. While this is not a bad idea, it can be inefficient if following the coast is a longer distance than heading by the water. The earliest
navigational tool available to seafarers is dead reckoning. Dead reckoning is the act of estimating location based on the distance travelled, which in
turn came from the time travelled and an estimate of the average velocity of the vessel. However, an error in the calculations,

Bees: The Earth's Magnetic Field
While in the blackest of they sky , such as comfort within the hive during winter, the earth's magnetic field is very reliable for the need of navigation.
The bees are able to seek electromagnetic fields because bees are actually magnetic. They contain a portion of magnetite in the front of their
abdomens.The bees have knowledge that the strongest dispersal lies in a center circle that is 90В° from the sun, and they uses the info to estimate the
sun's position. Guides of polarized light are so handful that a bee only needs to vision one patch of sky that is 10В° wide to induce where the sun is.
Honey bees only have about 1% of the eye–to–brain mentor that humans have, which means that they see the world at a much lower resolution than
we do. Also, unlike human eyes which have percepts for blue, green, and red light, honey bee eyes contain receptors that are sensitive to blue, green,
ultraviolet light, and UV polarized light. For example the North American monarch butterfly uses the Sun as well as Earth's magnetic field as ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are positively charged, bees and other insects use the magnetic force around the earth. They also use UltraViolet (sun) . Bees and other insects use
the sun and electromagnetic waves to navigate. Some other insects use cryptochromes to know the ways around the earth.
Even if the radiation of a cell phone or from outside is not strong , the radiation can still big strong enough it can cause for the insects vision to go
out. To cause them to go in the wrong direction. If there were not no roads nothing just plain grass, the insects would get confused. And that's why
insects like bees would not return to their hive or habitat. There are a lot of ways for insects to get confused. Bees and other insects die from
electromagnetic waves. For example have you notice bugs swarm around of the porch light? Well have you ever thought why do they swarm around
the light knowing they're going to all die

The Discovery Of The Earth 's Magnetic Field
The Earth's magnetic field
The discovery of the Earth's magnetic field Over 2000 years ago, the Chinese discovered that lodestone, a naturally magnetised iron ore, would align
itself in a north–south direction. Hundreds of years later, they discovered that their "compasses" didn't point true north and in fact that this position
changed with time. The compass was first used for navigation in the 11th–12th century, only arriving in Europe towards the end of this period. Then, in
1600, William Gilbert (Figure 1.1) published De Magnete, Magnetisque Corporibus, et de Magno Magnete Tellue (On the Magnet and Magnetic
Bodies, and on the Great Magnet the Earth). He concluded that the Earth itself was magnetic with a centre of iron, and this is why a compass would
point north. Figure 1.1 William Gilbert (1544–1603) , author of De Magnete, the first printed book written by an academically–trained scholar based
almost entirely on actual observation and experiment .
The structure of the Earth's Magnetic Field
The Earth's magnetic field can in fact be closely approximated by a magnetic dipole at its centre, tilted by 11Лљ to the Earth's rotational axis, Figure
1.2. The south pole of this magnetic dipole actually points northwards such that the north pole on a compass will point towards northwards, and more
precisely, to the Earth's magnetic north pole. The magnetic field strength decreases from the poles towards the equator. Currently the field is 56 ВµT at
the magnetic north

Charge To Mass Ratio Lab Report
Determination of the Charge / Mass Ratio of an Electron
Christopher Kanten u0566088
ABSTRACT
The charge/mass ratio will be determined using an electron gun and Helmholtz coild to incur a ring into the elcecton beam, throught the measurement
of the diameter of this circle, along with the measurement of the current through the coils and the accelerating voltage, the ratio can be determined.
INTRODUCTION
J.J. Thomson first measured the charge–to–mass ratio of the fundamental particle of charge in a cathode ray tube in 1897. A cathode ray tube basically
consists of two metallic plates in a glass tube which has been evacuated and filled with a very small amount of background gas. One plate is heated
(by passing a current through it) and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This simple equation is quite informative if we remember that the left hand side is a constant. For example, if we inject electrons into the magnetic field
faster, by increasing the potential V , and we and desire to maintain an orbit with the same radius, then this equation informs us we would have to
increase the magnitude of the magnetic field. Alternatively, if we want to increase the radius of the circular orbit we would have to decrease the
magnitude of the magnetic field.
This equation can alternatively derived as ; the magnetic force Fm acting on a charged particle of charge q moving with a velocity v in a magnetic
field B is given by:
Lets assume that the paticle is an electron, Then equation (1) can be written as
If the electron is moving perpendicular to the magnetic field, then the magnitude of Fm is given by
Since Fm is perpendicular to both v and B, the electron would move in a circular path with centripetal acceleration a = v2/r, where r is the radius of
the circular path. Since the only force acting on the electron is that caused by the magnetic field, Newton's 2nd law can be written as :
The electron is accelerated through the accelerating voltage V, gaining kinetic energy equal to its

Essay on The Molten Core Theory
The Molten Core Theory
The center of the Earth is composed of a solid metallic core surrounded by a molten layer of liquid metal. This paper will discuss the reasons to
believe the theory that the Earth has a molten core, and the important discoveries that have led to this generally accepted theory. It is very reasonable to
agree with this theory when paying credence to the logical evidence that answers questions about the Earth's core. This evidence includes information
about the elemental make up of the Earth, the reason for the Earth's magnetic field, and some of the possibilities of the Earth's formation.
Dr. Ken Rubin, an assistant professor of geology at the University of Hawaii. Explains that the Earth is made up ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This tells them what, and how much of an element should be present in the Earth. This is how scientists know what is present in the Earth. This is also
what allows them to make judgments on what is present deep inside of the Earth.
A recent study by professor of geology, Xiaodong Song, explains another way to affirm the composition and structure of the interior of the Earth is
through the use of seismic waves. Seismic waves are waves created by movement in the Earth. These waves can have different properties that can react
with changing densities within the earth. Knowing the different reactions can be used to determine the density of the earth at the different depths. It is
also a powerful tool in determining the elements present in the earth. Taking into consideration the different ways the waves react to the elements can
provide a clue as to the element that the wave has contacted. Certain seismic waves pass through the Earth at different speeds, and furthermore, specific
elements and compounds in the Earth cause those waves to disperce differently. The different rates that these waves move at different depths gives
geologist information on the varying densities and compostition of the Earth at the locations.
Through the same basic idea of seismic waves and densities geologist have gathered enough evidence to believe that the Earth has a solid core,
surrounded by molten, metallic, elements. This is determined from a specific

Essay on Magnetism Lab 19
Magnetism – Lab 19
Go to http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=Magnets_and_Electromagnets and click on Run Now.
Part I:
1. Move the compass slowly along a semicircular path above the bar magnet until you've put it on the opposite side of the bar magnet. Describe what
happens to the compass needle.
The white lead of the needle faces the South part of the magnet in a perpendicular way. When the needle is facing the center of the magnet, the lead
turns to a 90 degree angle, being parallel to the magnet. When the compass faces the North part of the magnet, the needle turns 90 degrees in the same
direction until the red lead if facing towards the North of the magnet.
2. What do you suppose the compass ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
16. Play with the voltage slider and describe what happens to the current in the coil and the magnetic field around the coil.
As the voltage slider moves to the right, the current flows counter–clockwise going towards the right. The speed of the current increases as the voltage
increases. As the voltage slider moves to the left, the current flows clockwise going towards the left. The speed of the current increases as the voltage
increases. The magnetic field rotates 180 degrees when the battery slider moves from one side of the battery to the other.
17. What is your guess as to the relationship between the current in the coil and the magnetic field?
The current has a positive charge in one side of the coil and it transforms to negative when it gets to the other side of the coil. This charge controls the
magnetic field, making the like charges repeal and the opposite charges attract.
Part II – Graphing relationships.
Field Strength vs. Position

1. Using the Electromagnet simulation, click on "Show Field Meter."
2. Set the battery voltage to 10V where the positive is on the right of the battery.
3. Along the axis of the coil and at the center of each compass needle starting 5 to the left of the coil, record the value of B. Move one compass
needle to the right and record the value of B. Repeat until you've completed the table below. NOTE: Be sure to

Paper On Magnets
There is not much that can be done without the use of magnets. The obvious uses are in hospitals with MRI machines, in our car and mobile phone
speakers so we can hear our calls and enjoy our music. However, the use of magnets in nearly all electronics is often overlooked. Electronics need
magnets to run, whether it's a vacuum cleaner, the windows in a car, or the office telephone. Although men lived and worked at one time without
magnets, it is impossible today. Living, working and relaxing today would be nearly impossible to do without magnets.
History of Magnets Magnets were likely discovered by a shepherd named Magnes in Greece. What he found were loadstones, which contain magnetite,
(Fe3O4) which is a natural magnetic material. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While walking or riding a bike to work is great for the environment, it is not always the best mode of transportation if you want to get to work on
time. Usually, we need to drive to work, school or to the gym or at least catch the bus. However, this cannot be done without magnets in the solenoid
to engage the starter motors! On a scorching day, we all like the refreshing chilliness in our air–conditioned homes and watch a movie on Netflix or
perhaps play Okami on our Nintendo Wii. Yet, we cannot even do these without magnets. Putting the groceries away in the refrigerator, mixing up the
cake for dessert, compacting the trash or starting the dishwasher are all things we would not be able to do without magnets. We do not only need
magnets to make our lives nicer and simpler, but also for our health and for industry. "The discovery of a relationship between electricity and
magnetism made possible the invention of the electric motor" (Electric Motors, 2008). Without one or more fixed magnets combined with a movable
current–carrying coil, electric motors will not run. Pinball machines, paintball markers, dot matrix printers and fuel injectors in vehicles all use magnets
by means of electromechanical solenoids. A solenoid is "a tightly wound helix of current–carrying wire (which) acts like a hollow bar magnet"
(Electricity and Magnetism,

Plasma-the 4th State of Matter
Contents:
1. Introduction 1.1 Basic Physics of Charged Particles Moving In a Magnetic Filed 1.2 The Lorentz Force 1.3 The Hall Effect
2. What Is Plasma? 2.1 What is it that distinguishes plasma from ordinary gases? 2.2 Commercial Applications 2.3 Waves in Plasma
3. Nuclear Fusion & Fusion Reactors 3.1 The Lawson's Criterion 3.2 Magnetic Field Confinement 3.3 Inertial Confinement
4. TFTR & Its Contributions to Engineering 4.1 Transport 4.2 Fusion Power Production 4.3 Alpha–Particles Physics 5. Plasma & Space 5.1 Solar
Prominences 5.2 Plasma Rockets
6. Conclusion
7. References
Table of Variables & Constants:
Оµ0Permittivity of free space k Coulomb Constant, 9Г—109 N m2 C–2 пЃЁEfficiency П„Confinement time П‰Angular ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This angular frequency is often known as the cyclotron frequency since charged particles circulate at this frequency in one type of accelerator named a
cyclotron.
If a charged particle moves in a uniform magnetic field, with its velocity at some arbitrary angle to B, its path is a helix. For example, if the field is in
the x–direction as in the figure shown below, there will be no component of force in the x–direction, and hence ax=0 and the x component of the
velocity vx remains constant. In contrast, the magnetic force qvГ—B causes the components vy and vz to change with time, and therefore the resulting
motion is a helix having its axis parallel to the magnetic field.
An even more interesting fact is when charged particles move in a nonuniform magnetic field. Here the motion is rather complex. For instance, in a
magnetic field that is strong at the ends and weak in the middle, the particles will be fluctuating back and forth between the ending points, as in the
figure shown below. Anyway, this magnetic field can be generated by two current loops going in the same direction. In this case, the charged particle
will start spiraling along the magnetic field lines starting from one end till it

Concepts of Electrostasis
Week Five Textbook Exercises
Geoffrey Anderson
PHY/101
December 9, 2014
Mr. Craig Spencer
Week Five Textbook Exercises
Chapter 22: Electrostatics
8) When combing your hair, you scuff electrons from your hair onto the comb. Is your hair then positively or negatively charged? How about the
comb? –The hair becomes positively charged and the comb becomes negatively charged; since, the electrons went from your hair to the comb and the
more electrons there is makes an object more negative.
18)It is relatively easy to strip the outer electrons from a heavy atom like that of uranium (which then becomes a uranium ion), but it is very difficult to
remove the inner electrons. Why do you suppose this is so? –Outer electrons are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The second wire has twice the length and twice the number of turns than the first wire.
43)The metal wing of an airplane acts like a "wire" flying through Earth's magnetic field. A voltage is induced between the wing tips, and a current
flows along the wing, but only for a short time. Why does the current stop even though the airplane continues flying through Earth's magnetic field?
–The current stops even though the airplane continues to fly through the Earth's magnetic field, because the losses which occurred when a motor
operates a generator and when the voltage is stepped up by a transformer is not considered. After the completion of each cycle, the energy outputted
decreases due to the losses in the motor, the generator, and the transformer. Therefore, this will stop.
Chapter 32: The Atom and the Quantum
6)Why does classical physics predict that atoms should collapse? –According to classical physics, an accelerated charged particle emits radiation. An
electron that is orbiting the nucleus should radiate energy and move into a spiral path that ends at the nucleus. Therefore, atoms should collapse from a
classical physics description.
28)When and where do Newton's laws of motion and quantum mechanics overlap? –When the size of the system is very large compared to the de
Brogue wavelength, the Newton's laws of motion and quantum mechanics overlap.

Chapter 33: The Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity
16)Two protons in an

Aurora- Light of Mystery Essay
Aurora– Light of Mystery
Text Box: This shuttle image shows the characteristic oval shape of the aurora.i What is aurora?
Auroras, or polar lights, are the luminous phenomenon of the upper atmosphere occurs in high latitudes of both hemispheres. Auroras in the northern
hemisphere are called aurora borealis and those in the south hemisphere are called aurora australis. Aurora (Latin for 'dawn') is beautiful and
amazing lights which are visible in the dark sky in the poles. It can appear as many different forms, but usually it is a greenish quivering glow near
the horizon. In 1621 the term 'aurora' was coined by the French astronomer. More and more observations were done and a concrete ... Show more
Earth and its outer space
It is commonly believed that earth lies in an empty space in the universe which is vacuum. This is not absolutely true because vacuum is a space
with nothing, no even air, but there are actually particles existing in the interstellar space. At sea level the density of air molecules is 1 quintillion
per cm3; at 100km roughly where aurora occurs, density is 1 trillion per cm3; in the interstellar space the density is merely 1 per cm3. Therefore as a
result, most of outer space is filled with electrically conductive plasma. Besides of particles, there are magnetic field, electric current, electromagnetic
force, gravitational forcesГўв‚¬В¦ It is these invisible, but important factors which give rise to the interaction between the sun and the earth.
Sun and solar wind
Text Box: Sunspot Cycle (1850 Гўв‚¬" 1975) ii The sun is like a burning furnace which as a temperature as high as one million degrees. The light and
heat energy comes from the interior nuclear fusion. At this temperature molecules like hydrogen on the sun surface will form plasma particles. Plasma
is the fourth state of matter which occurs in extremely high temperature which is on the order of 10000Г‚В°C. The temperature of the sun surface is

Tectonic Convergence At The Eurasian And African

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Tectonic Convergence At The Eurasian And African

Similar to Tectonic Convergence At The Eurasian And African (7)

More from Yessica Diaz

More from Yessica Diaz (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Tectonic Convergence At The Eurasian And African