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SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
Foundation in Natural and Built Environment
NAME OF MODULE: MATHEMATICS [MTH10304]
PROJECT: STATISTICS
LECTURER: MS.ANN SEE PENG
SUBMISSION DATE: 1ST
JUNE 2015
GROUP MEMBERS / ID NO. : CHAU XET NEE [0320222]
AMANDA CHIONG PEI SHAN [0320328]
LEE KAILY [0320273]
CHONG KIT YEE [0319748]
LEE SHZE HWA [0320053]
FOO ZHI FUNG [0320226]
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TABLE OF CONTENT
CONTENT PAGE
A INTRODUCTION 3-4
B OBJECTIVE 5
C METHODOLOGY 6-8
D SURVEY FORM 9-11
E ANALYSIS 12-29
F CONCLUSION 30-31
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INTRODUCTION
Statistics is a type of mathematical science that study of how to collect,
organize, analyze, interpret and present the numerical information from the data
given for drawing inferences on the basis of their probability. The statisticians are
able to make the predictions based on the understanding of the process based on
the statistical analysis. In other words, we can say that the statistical techniques
assist in the decision making and this statistical method can be applied broadly in
the variety of scientific, social and business careers in such areas like astronomy,
biology, education, economics, engineering, genetics, marketing, medicine,
psychology, public health, sports and also among many other fields. Without the
techniques of statistics, many economic, social, political and military decisions
cannot be done.
This assignment is designed to provide students with a hands-on experience
on how to conduct a survey, to organize and present the data. Thus, by assuming
that Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (Malaysian Health Ministry) engaged us to
conduct a survey on the common chronic diseases in Malaysia such as stroke, high
blood pressure, diabetes and others, we are divided into a group consisted of 6
members to carry out this survey and prepare a statistical analysis report for the
facts and information collected. This survey emphasizes on the comparing of
different gender of students in Taylor’s University on the understanding about the
common chronic diseases in Malaysia. For this assignment, we had chosen diabetes
as our focal point and prepare the questionnaire to collect the numerical data for
further analysis.
Diabetes is one of the commonest overall diseases amongst all races in
Malaysia. According to the online research report, WHO(World Health
Organization), diabetes or more commonly known as ‘kencingmanis’ has been listed
in the top tenth killer diseases in Malaysia. Diabetes has been ranked in the
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seventh place in the ranking list with a total death amounting to 3,205. Diabetes is
a kind of diseases that happened when our body is unable to use and store glucose
properly. Most of the food that we consume is turn into glucose or sugar for our
bodies to use for growth and energy. The pancreas, which is an organ of our body
that is near to the stomach function to secrete hormone called insulin to digest
the glucose and remove it from blood into the cells of our bodies. Diabetes are
caused by inadequate of insulin or your body can’t function with its own insulin as
well as it should. This will lead to the accumulation of sugars in the blood, which
causes higher blood glucose level than normal blood sugar level. Diabetes can cause
serious health complications including heart disease, blindness, kidney failure and
lower-extremity amputations.
Through this survey, we are able to compare the facts with the understanding
level of female and male students in Taylor’s University on the common chronic
diseases in Malaysia. We also learned to organize statistical data and apply the
knowledge of analyzing statistical data and draw conclusion from the data analyzed.
We also get better understanding of this principleand learned to apply
fundamental mathematical principles and statistical method in this assignment.
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Objective
The objective of this assignment is to test which gender understand more
about the disease of diabetes in Taylor’s University. We choose to survey on
diabetes mellitus because this disease is one of the most common diseases in
Malaysia. In order to get the result of this assignment, we had to prepare a survey
questionnaire for 131 male and 169 female students. We had included the types,
causes, symptoms and also complications of diabetes in the survey questionnaire.
From the responded survey, we had to analyze the statistical data and conclude
the result by applying the statistic knowledge. Besides, we also need to transfer
the survey data into a survey report and create one A2 sized printed infographic
poster. Through this assignment, we get to identify the understanding level of
both genders in Taylor’s University and get a conclusion about which gender
understand more about diabetes. Other than that, we also gain the knowledge of
diabetes when we prepare the survey questions. Throughout this survey, we hope it
will create awareness among people towards diabetes and learn to prevent from
getting diabetes by maintains a balance diet and healthy lifestyles.
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METHODOLOGY
Since we were targeting 150 male and 150 female students in
Taylor’s Lakeside University Campus, we decided to separate into two
teams. One team is responsible to survey male students while another
team is responsible to survey female students. We had spent 3 days of
surveying from 11th
May 2015 to 13th
May 2015 to do our survey. We go
through all around Taylor’s Lakeside University Campus for the survey.
Most of the respondents were willing to spend their time and help us to
fill in the survey questionnaire.
Surveying a male and female respondent in Block C “E-quarium”
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Surveying female respondent in library and X space.
After gathering all the completed survey questionnaire, our group
members Chau Xet Nee and Chong Kit Yee were responsible to do the
calculation and converting survey data into pie charts. Based on the
survey data, there also create a statistic analysis for this survey
report.
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Our group members are doing calculation and converting data into
chart.
While others member, they are required to transfer the information
into the survey report and create one A2 size printed infographic
poster which summarises the findings of our survey.
Our members are transferring the information into the survey report.
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SURVEY FORM
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
Foundation in Natural and Built Environments
MATHEMATICS [MTH30104]
This survey is to fulfill the purpose of our Mathematics’ project. Participation in voluntary and
the information gathered will be kept confidential.
DIABETES SURVEY QUESTIONAIRE
1. Your gender
☐ Male ☐ Female
2. Which ethnicity is at the highest risk for Diabetes?
☐ African ☐ European ☐ Asian
3. Which races is most affected by diabetes in Malaysia?
☐ Malay ☐ Chinese ☐ Indian
4. How many types of diabetes are there?
☐ 1 ☐ 2 ☐ 3 ☐ 4
5. What age is the highest risk for diabetes to happen?
☐ below 30 ☐ 31-59 ☐ 60 and above
6. What typesof diabetescanbe preventedthroughlifestyleschanges?
☐ Type 1 diabetes ☐ Type 2 diabetes ☐ All of above
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7. High blood pressure is a risk factor for diabetes?
☐ True ☐ False
8. Which of the following can alter a person’s blood glucose levels?
☐ Exercise ☐ Climate ☐ Stress Level ☐ All of above
9. Which factor do you think is the main causes of this disease?
☐ Genetic ☐ Unhealthy lifestyle
10. When is the suitable time to have a blood test?
☐ Before meal ☐ After meal
11. At which stages of diabetes can be cured?
☐ First stage ☐ Second stage ☐Third Stage ☐Forth Stage
☐ Fifth stage ☐ All stages
12. What are the symptoms for diabetes?
☐ Excessive thirst ☐ Increased hunger ☐ Tiredness ☐All of above
13. Which of the following are complications of diabetes?
☐ Delayed wound healing ☐ vision loss ☐ Kidney failure
☐ All of above
14. What gender is more likely to be diagnosed with diabetes?
☐ Male ☐ Female
15. What type of sugar is the best for diabetes patient?
☐ brown sugar ☐ artificial sweetener ☐ white sugar
16. What are the most effective ways to control diabetes?
☐ Exercise regularly ☐ Take medicine ☐ Reduce alcohol drinks
17. What is the sugar level of diagnosis of a diabetes patient?
☐ More than 6.0 mmol/l (108mg/dl) ☐ More than 6.9 mmol/l (126mg/dl)
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18. Gestational Diabetes usually effect to what type of people?
☐ Female during pregnancy ☐ People who overweight
19. A feeling of itchiness on your skin is sometimes a symptom of diabetes.
☐ Yes ☐ No
20. Diabetes is a disease of blood sugar.
☐ Yes ☐ No
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STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
1. Your gender?
2. Which ethnicity is at the highest risk for Diabetes?
AFRICAN EUROPEAN ASIAN
MALE 4 48 94
FEMALE 6 50 94
0
20
40
60
80
100
AFRICAN EUROPEAN ASIAN
MALE
FEMALE
50%50%
MALE FEMALE
The figure shows the percentage of male
and female based on 300 survey students
in Taylor University lakeside campus. 50%
of Male and 50% of Female have
contributed to the results shown on the
pie chart above.
Male: (150/300) × 100% = 50%
Female: (150/300) × 100% = 50%
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Based on the figure above, there is a same number of male and female think that
Asian has the highest risk for diabetes.32% of male and 33.33% of female thinks
European has the highest risk of Diabetes. There are only a few students who
think that African has a highest risk for diabetes.
Male:
African: (4/150) × 100% = 2.67%
European: (48/150) × 100% = 32%
Asian: (94/150) × 100% = 62.67%
3. Which races is most affected by diabetes in Malaysia?
Male:
Malay: (82/150) × 100% = 54.67%
Chinese: (40/150) × 100% = 26.67%
Indian: (28/150) × 100% = 18.67%
Due to this survey, There are more than half students think that Malay who
is most affected by diabetes in Malaysia. The second is Chinese. The least is
Indian.
54%
27%
19%
MALE
Malay
Chinese
Indian
Female:
African: (6/150) × 100% = 4%
European: (50/150) × 100% = 33.33%
Asian: (94/150) × 100%= 62.67%
60%25%
15%
FEMALE
Malay
Chinese
Indian
Female:
Malay: (90/150) × 100% = 60%
Chinese: (37/150) × 100% = 24.67%
Indian: (23/150) × 100% = 15.33%
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4. How many types of diabetes are there?
Most of the students understand that there are 2 types of diabetes. Only a
few students are wrong in this question.
TYPES 1 2 3 4
FEMALE 7.33% 76% 14.67% 2%
MALE 10% 76.67% 8% 5.33%
5. What age is the highest risk for diabetes to happen?
MALE:
30 AND BELOW: (18/150) × 100% = 12%
31-59 YEARS OLD: (99/150) × 100% = 66%
60 AND ABOVE: (44/150) × 100% = 22%
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
1 TYPE DIABETES
2 TYPES DIABETES
3 TYPES DIABETES
4 TYPES DIABETES
1 TYPE
DIABETES
2 TYPES
DIABETES
3 TYPES
DIABETES
4 TYPES
DIABETES
FEMALE 11 114 22 3
MALE 15 115 12 8
18
99
44
33
105
12
30 AND BELOW 31-59 YEARS OLD 60 AND ABOVE
MALE FEMALE
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FEMALE:
30 AND BELOW: (33/150) × 100% = 22%
31-59 YEARS OLD: (105/150) × 100% = 70%
60 AND ABOVE: (12/150) × 100% = 8%
Based on the figure above, we can see that most of the students think that
at age range 31-59 years old has a higher risk of getting diabetes. Age range
31-59 years old is also a modal class as it has the highest frequency which is
99 males and 105 females compared to other age ranges.
6. What types of diabetes can be prevented through lifestyles
changes?
ALL STUDENTS:
TYPE 1 DIABETES: (63/300) x 100% = 21%
TYPE 2 DIABETES: (175/300) x 100% = 58.33%
ALL OF ABOVE: (62/300) x 100% = 20.67%
Based on the figure above, 58% of the students understand about type 2
diabetes can be prevented through lifestyles changes. It is because type 1
diabetes is caused by genetic.
21%
58%
21%
TYPE 1 DIABETES
TYPE 2 DIABETES
ALL OF ABOVE
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7. High blood pressure is a risk factor for diabetes.
Based on the figure above, females students are more understanding about
high blood pressure is a risk factor for diabetes compared to male students.
The percentage of female who agree is 85.33%, while male who agree is only
55.33%. The percentages of male who agree or disagree are not much
different. It shows almost half of the male participants are misunderstand.
MALE:
AGREE: (83/150) x 100% = 55.33%
DISAGREE: (67/150) x 100% = 44.67%
FEMALE:
AGREE: (128/150) x 100% = 85.33%
DISAGREE: (22/150) x 100% = 14.67%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
AGREE DIASREE
MALE
FEMALE
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8. Which of the following can alter a person’s blood glucose levels?
EXERCISE CLIMATE STRES LEVEL ALL OF ABOVE
MALE 65 7 24 54
FEMALE 98 8 14 30
Based on the figure, 43.33% of male and 65.33% of female think exercise can alter
a person’s blood glucose level. 7% of male and 5.44% of female think climate can
alter a person’s blood glucose level. There are also 16% of male and 9.44% of
female think stress level can alter a person’s blood glucose level. Besides, 36% of
male and 20% of female think all of above will alter a person’s blood glucose level.
Male:
Exercise – (65/150) x 100% = 43.33%
Climate – (7/150) x 100% = 4.67%
Stress level – (24/150) x 100% = 16%
All of above – (54/150) x 100% = 36%
Female:
Exercise – (98/150) x 100% = 65.33%
Climate – (8/150) x 100% = 5.33 %
Stress level – (14/150) x 100% = 9.33%
All of above – (30/150) x 100% = 20%
0
20
40
60
80
100
EXERCISE CLIMATE STRESS
LEVEL
ALL OF
ABOVE
MALE
FEMALE
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9. Which factor do you think is the main causes of this disease?
Based on the figure, there are 12% of male and 17.33% of female think genetic is
the main causes of this disease. Therefore, there are also 88% of male and 82.67%
of female think unhealthy lifestyle is the main causes of this disease. Hence, not
everyone has the genetic problem, but everyone who has unhealthy lifestyle can
caused diabetes easily.
MALE:
Genetic : (18/150) x 100% = 12%
Unhealthy Lifestyle : (132/150) x 100% = 88%
FEMALE:
Genetic : (26/150) x 100% = 17.33%
Unhealthy Lifestyle : (124/150) x 100% = 82.67%
0
50
100
150
GENETIC UNHEALTHY
LIFESTYLE
MALE
FEMALE
GENETIC UNHEALTHY LIFESTYLE
MALE 18 132
FEMALE 26 124
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10. When is the suitable time to have a blood test?
BEFORE MEAL AFTER MEAL
MALE 114 36
FEMALE 134 16
Based on the figure, there are 76% of male and 89.33% of female think before
meal is the suitable time to have a blood test. Besides, there are also 24% of male
and 10.67% of female think after meal is the suitable time to have a blood test.
Hence, your pre-meal tests can provide an indication of how well your body is
coping, with support from any medication, with your previous meal. If you have high
results, it may indicate that either the carbohydrate you are eating is too much or
that your medication may not be adequate.
Male:
Before meal : (114/150) x 100% = 76%
After meal : (36/150) x 100% = 24%
Female:
Before meal : (134/150) x 100% = 89.33%
After meal : (16/150) x 100% = 10.67%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
BEFORE
MEAL
AFTER
MEAL
MALE
FEMALE
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
First Stage Second
Stage
Third Stage Fourth Stage Fifth Stage All Stage
11. At which stages of diabetes can be cured?
Based on the table shows that 64 male and 83 female students think most of the
patient of diabetes can be cured at the first stage. First stage is the modal class
for both categories. Which males reach 42.67%, 64 students and females 49.1%,
83 students.
Male:
1st
stage: (64/150) x 100% = 42.67%
2nd
stage: (38/150) x 100% = 25.33%
3rd
stage: (18/150) x 100% = 12%
4th
stage: (1/150) x 100% = 0.67%
5th
stage: (1/150) x 100% = 0.67%
All stages: (28/150) x 100% = 18.67%
Female:
1st
stage: (83/150) x 100% = 49.1%
2nd
stage: (34/150) x 100% = 22.67%
3rd
stage: (10/150) x 100% = 6.67%
4th
stage: (1/150) x 100% = 0.67%
5th
stage: (20/150) x 100% = 13.33%
First
Stage
Second
Stage
Third
Stage
Forth
Stage
Fifth
Stage
All
Stage
Male 64 38 18 1 1 28
Female 83 34 10 1 2 20
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Excessive thirst Increased hunger Tiredness All of above
12. What are the symptoms of diabetes?
Most of the students agreed that excessive thirst, increased hunger and tiredness
is the symptoms of diabetes. 68 out of 150 of male agreed and reach 45.33%, while
88 out of 150 female agreed and reach 52%. 38 males and 32 females think that
excessive thirst is the symptoms and reach the second highest of the chart. For
tiredness, 30males and 18 female agreed. Less student agreed that increased
hunger is the symptoms, only 14 male and 10 female.
Male:
Excessive thirst: (38/150) x 100% = 25.33%
Increased hunger: (14/150) x 100% = 9.33%
Tiredness: (30/150) x 100% = 20%
All of above: (68/1150) x 100% = 45.33%
Female:
Excessive thirst: (32/150) x 100% = 21.3%
Increased hunger: (10/150) x 100% = 6.67%
Tiredness: (18/150) x 100% = 12%
All of above: (90/150) x 100% = 60%
Excessive
thirst
Increased
hunger
Tiredness All of above
Male 38 14 30 68
Female 32 10 18 90
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13. Which of the following are complications of diabetes?
From the chart above, the modal class of disease in male category is delayed wound
healing. 65 out of 150 of male agreed that and reach 43.33%. On the other hand,
female had a different modal class. 66 out of 150 of female agreed delayed wound
healing, vision loss and kidney failure are the complications of diabetes and reach
44%
Male:
Delayed wound healing: (65/150) x 100% = 43.33%
Vision loss: (11/150) x 100% = 7.33%
Kidney failure: (11/150) x 100% = 7.33%
All of above: (63/150) x 100% = 42%
Female:
Delayed wound healing: (60/150) x 100% = 40%
Vision loss: (10/150) x 100% 6.67%
Kidney failure: (14/150) x100% = 9.33%
All of above: (66/150) x 100% = 44%
Delayed
wound healing
Vision Loss Kidney
Failure
All of
above
Male 65 11 11 63
Female 60 10 14 66
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Delayed wound
healing
Vision loss Kidney failure All of above
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14. What gender is more likely to be diagnosed with diabetes?
Male Female
Male 95 55
Female 46 83
Based on the chart, each of the gender think that their own gender more likely to
be diagnosed with diabetes.
15. What type of sugar is the best sugar for diabetes patient?
Brown
Sugar
Artificial
Sweetener
White
Sugar
Males 53 93 4
Females 48 98 4
0
20
40
60
80
100
Male Female
24 | P a g e
Female
Brown Sugar
Arritificial Sweetner
White Sugar
Male:
Brown sugar: (53/150) x 100% = 35.35%
Artificial sweetener: (93/150) x100% = 62%
White sugar: (4/150) x 100% = 2.67%
Female:
Brown sugar: (48/150) x 100% = 32%
Artificial sweetener: (98/150) x 100% = 65.33%
White sugar: (4/150) x 100% = 2.67%
16. What are the most effective ways to control diabetes?
EXERCISE
REGULARLY
TAKE
MEDICINE
REDUCE ALCOHOL
DRINKS
MALE 103 44 3
FEMALE 108 40 2
Male
Brown Sugar
Artificial Sweetener
White Sugar
25 | P a g e
Based on the figure above, 68.67% of male and 72% of female think exercise
regularly is the most efficient ways to control diabetes. 29.33% of male and 26.67%
of female think take medicine is the most efficient ways to control diabetes.
Lastly, there are a few students who think reduce alcohol drinks is the most
efficient ways to control diabetes.
Male:
Exercise Regularly : (103/150) x 100% = 68.67%
Take Medicine :(44/150) x 100% = 29.33%
Reduce Alcohol Drinks : (3/150) x 100% = 2%
Female
Exercise Regularly: (108/150) x 100% = 72%
Take Medicine :(40/150) x 100% = 26.67%
Reduce Alcohol Drinks : (2/150) x 100% = 1.33%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
EXERCISE
REGULARLY
TAKE MEDICINE REDUCE ALCOHOL
DRINKS
MALE
FEMALE
26 | P a g e
17. What is the sugar level of diagnosis of a diabetes patient?
More than 6.0 mmol/l
(108mg/dl)
More than 6.9 mmol/l
(126mg/dl)
MALE 55 50
FEMALE 64 86
Based on the figure above, female are more understand about the sugar level of
diagnosis of a diabetes patient. There are 57.33% of female and 33.33% of male
chosen the correct sugar level of diagnosis of diabetes patient which the sugar
level more than 6.9 mmol/l (126mg/dl). Besides, there are 42.67% of female and
36.67% of male chosen the wrong answer.
Male :
More than 6.0 mmol/l (108mg/dl):(55/150) x 100% = 36.67%
More than 6.9 mmol.l (126mg/dl):(50/150) x 100% = 33.33%
Female:
More than 6.0 mmol/l (108mg/dl):(64/150) x 100% = 42.67%
More than 6.9 mmol.l (126mg/dl):(86/150) x 100% = 57.33%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
More than 6.0 mmol/l (108mg/dl) More than 6.9 mmol/l (126mg/dl)
Male
Female
27 | P a g e
18. Gestational Diabetes usually effect to what type of people?
Based on the figure above, 25.33% of male and 27.33% of female think gestational
diabetes usually effect to female during pregnancy. Therefore, 74.67% of male and
72.67% of female think gestational diabetes usually effect to people who are
overweight.
Male
Female during pregnancy : (38/150) x 100% = 25.33%
People who overweight: (112/150) x 100% = 74.67%
Female
Female during pregnancy: (41/150) x 100% = 27.33%
People who overweight: (109/150) x 100% = 72.67%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
FEMALE
DURING
PREGNANCY
PEOPLE WHO
OVERWEIGHT
MALE
FEMALE
FEMALE DURING
PREGNANCY
PEOPLE WHO
OVERWEIGHT
MALE 38 112
FEMALE 41 109
28 | P a g e
19. A feeling of itchiness on your skin is sometimes a symptom
of diabetes.
Yes No
Male 47 103
Female 38 112
Based on the figure, there are 31.33% of male and 25.33% of female chosen the
answer of yes, while there are 68.67% of male and 74.67% of female chosen the
answer of no. Most of the students think that a feeling of itchiness on your skin
sometimes is not a symptom of diabetes. It shown that most of students
misunderstand about diabetes. A feeling of itchiness on your skin sometimes is a
symptom of diabetes.
Male:
Yes: (47/150) x 100% = 31.33%
No: (103/150) x 100% = 68.67%
Female:
Yes: (38/150) x 100% = 25.33%
No: (112/150) x 100% = 74.67%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Yes No
Male
Female
29 | P a g e
20. Diabetes is a disease of blood sugar.
Based on the figure above, there is 88% of male and female agreed that diabetes
is a disease of blood sugar. Therefore, there is also 12% of male and female does
not agree that diabetes is a disease of blood sugar. Most of the student
misunderstand about diabetes is a disease of blood sugar. Hence, diabetes is NOT
a disease of blood sugar, but rather a disorder of insulin and leptin signaling.
Male & Female:
Yes : (264/300) x 100% = 88%
No : (36/300) x 100% = 12%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
YES NO
MALE
FEMALE
YES NO
MALE 132 18
FEMALE 132 18
30 | P a g e
Conclusion
In a nutshell, other than just collect and interpret statistical data, the
major purpose of this assignment is to investigate the understanding of the
students in Taylor’s University on the common chronic diseases in Malaysia. In the
same time, this survey also creates a schema and awareness to the individuals in
Malaysia especially the students on the top common chronic diseases in Malaysia.
Through this survey, we can also create an idea of the understanding levels among
the participants on their knowledge of diabetes. In addition, not only participate
student increase their knowledge as well as we understand more about diabetes.
For the first step, we try to figure out what is the best question but we
know nothing about diabetes. So, each of us did some research and discover what is
diabetes. Basically, diabetes have three type. Type one is because the body does
not produce insulin while type two is because the body does not produce enough
insulin for proper function. Both of this type are similar but gestational diabetes
are totally different. Gestational Diabetes only happened on female during
pregnancy. The number of diabetes in Malaysia is getting higher and is the number
one country in ASEAN. Most importantly, all stages have to control your blood
sugar even though there’s no cure.
Through this survey, we had learnt many things such as communicate with
stranger, collecting data, analysis data, tabulating data, converting data in to
charts, apply statistic principle, design a poster but the most important is
teamwork. In this project, we work as a group so we have to cooperate and tolerate
each other, if not we can’t finish it on time.
31 | P a g e
Last but not least, we hope that through this survey more people we know
more about diabetes and create an awareness to themselves. Diabetes is a non cure
disease so we should prevent it. As the saying goes, “prevention is better than
cure.”

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Maths survey

  • 1. 1 | P a g e SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN Foundation in Natural and Built Environment NAME OF MODULE: MATHEMATICS [MTH10304] PROJECT: STATISTICS LECTURER: MS.ANN SEE PENG SUBMISSION DATE: 1ST JUNE 2015 GROUP MEMBERS / ID NO. : CHAU XET NEE [0320222] AMANDA CHIONG PEI SHAN [0320328] LEE KAILY [0320273] CHONG KIT YEE [0319748] LEE SHZE HWA [0320053] FOO ZHI FUNG [0320226]
  • 2. 2 | P a g e TABLE OF CONTENT CONTENT PAGE A INTRODUCTION 3-4 B OBJECTIVE 5 C METHODOLOGY 6-8 D SURVEY FORM 9-11 E ANALYSIS 12-29 F CONCLUSION 30-31
  • 3. 3 | P a g e INTRODUCTION Statistics is a type of mathematical science that study of how to collect, organize, analyze, interpret and present the numerical information from the data given for drawing inferences on the basis of their probability. The statisticians are able to make the predictions based on the understanding of the process based on the statistical analysis. In other words, we can say that the statistical techniques assist in the decision making and this statistical method can be applied broadly in the variety of scientific, social and business careers in such areas like astronomy, biology, education, economics, engineering, genetics, marketing, medicine, psychology, public health, sports and also among many other fields. Without the techniques of statistics, many economic, social, political and military decisions cannot be done. This assignment is designed to provide students with a hands-on experience on how to conduct a survey, to organize and present the data. Thus, by assuming that Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (Malaysian Health Ministry) engaged us to conduct a survey on the common chronic diseases in Malaysia such as stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes and others, we are divided into a group consisted of 6 members to carry out this survey and prepare a statistical analysis report for the facts and information collected. This survey emphasizes on the comparing of different gender of students in Taylor’s University on the understanding about the common chronic diseases in Malaysia. For this assignment, we had chosen diabetes as our focal point and prepare the questionnaire to collect the numerical data for further analysis. Diabetes is one of the commonest overall diseases amongst all races in Malaysia. According to the online research report, WHO(World Health Organization), diabetes or more commonly known as ‘kencingmanis’ has been listed in the top tenth killer diseases in Malaysia. Diabetes has been ranked in the
  • 4. 4 | P a g e seventh place in the ranking list with a total death amounting to 3,205. Diabetes is a kind of diseases that happened when our body is unable to use and store glucose properly. Most of the food that we consume is turn into glucose or sugar for our bodies to use for growth and energy. The pancreas, which is an organ of our body that is near to the stomach function to secrete hormone called insulin to digest the glucose and remove it from blood into the cells of our bodies. Diabetes are caused by inadequate of insulin or your body can’t function with its own insulin as well as it should. This will lead to the accumulation of sugars in the blood, which causes higher blood glucose level than normal blood sugar level. Diabetes can cause serious health complications including heart disease, blindness, kidney failure and lower-extremity amputations. Through this survey, we are able to compare the facts with the understanding level of female and male students in Taylor’s University on the common chronic diseases in Malaysia. We also learned to organize statistical data and apply the knowledge of analyzing statistical data and draw conclusion from the data analyzed. We also get better understanding of this principleand learned to apply fundamental mathematical principles and statistical method in this assignment.
  • 5. 5 | P a g e Objective The objective of this assignment is to test which gender understand more about the disease of diabetes in Taylor’s University. We choose to survey on diabetes mellitus because this disease is one of the most common diseases in Malaysia. In order to get the result of this assignment, we had to prepare a survey questionnaire for 131 male and 169 female students. We had included the types, causes, symptoms and also complications of diabetes in the survey questionnaire. From the responded survey, we had to analyze the statistical data and conclude the result by applying the statistic knowledge. Besides, we also need to transfer the survey data into a survey report and create one A2 sized printed infographic poster. Through this assignment, we get to identify the understanding level of both genders in Taylor’s University and get a conclusion about which gender understand more about diabetes. Other than that, we also gain the knowledge of diabetes when we prepare the survey questions. Throughout this survey, we hope it will create awareness among people towards diabetes and learn to prevent from getting diabetes by maintains a balance diet and healthy lifestyles.
  • 6. 6 | P a g e METHODOLOGY Since we were targeting 150 male and 150 female students in Taylor’s Lakeside University Campus, we decided to separate into two teams. One team is responsible to survey male students while another team is responsible to survey female students. We had spent 3 days of surveying from 11th May 2015 to 13th May 2015 to do our survey. We go through all around Taylor’s Lakeside University Campus for the survey. Most of the respondents were willing to spend their time and help us to fill in the survey questionnaire. Surveying a male and female respondent in Block C “E-quarium”
  • 7. 7 | P a g e Surveying female respondent in library and X space. After gathering all the completed survey questionnaire, our group members Chau Xet Nee and Chong Kit Yee were responsible to do the calculation and converting survey data into pie charts. Based on the survey data, there also create a statistic analysis for this survey report.
  • 8. 8 | P a g e Our group members are doing calculation and converting data into chart. While others member, they are required to transfer the information into the survey report and create one A2 size printed infographic poster which summarises the findings of our survey. Our members are transferring the information into the survey report.
  • 9. 9 | P a g e SURVEY FORM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN Foundation in Natural and Built Environments MATHEMATICS [MTH30104] This survey is to fulfill the purpose of our Mathematics’ project. Participation in voluntary and the information gathered will be kept confidential. DIABETES SURVEY QUESTIONAIRE 1. Your gender ☐ Male ☐ Female 2. Which ethnicity is at the highest risk for Diabetes? ☐ African ☐ European ☐ Asian 3. Which races is most affected by diabetes in Malaysia? ☐ Malay ☐ Chinese ☐ Indian 4. How many types of diabetes are there? ☐ 1 ☐ 2 ☐ 3 ☐ 4 5. What age is the highest risk for diabetes to happen? ☐ below 30 ☐ 31-59 ☐ 60 and above 6. What typesof diabetescanbe preventedthroughlifestyleschanges? ☐ Type 1 diabetes ☐ Type 2 diabetes ☐ All of above
  • 10. 10 | P a g e 7. High blood pressure is a risk factor for diabetes? ☐ True ☐ False 8. Which of the following can alter a person’s blood glucose levels? ☐ Exercise ☐ Climate ☐ Stress Level ☐ All of above 9. Which factor do you think is the main causes of this disease? ☐ Genetic ☐ Unhealthy lifestyle 10. When is the suitable time to have a blood test? ☐ Before meal ☐ After meal 11. At which stages of diabetes can be cured? ☐ First stage ☐ Second stage ☐Third Stage ☐Forth Stage ☐ Fifth stage ☐ All stages 12. What are the symptoms for diabetes? ☐ Excessive thirst ☐ Increased hunger ☐ Tiredness ☐All of above 13. Which of the following are complications of diabetes? ☐ Delayed wound healing ☐ vision loss ☐ Kidney failure ☐ All of above 14. What gender is more likely to be diagnosed with diabetes? ☐ Male ☐ Female 15. What type of sugar is the best for diabetes patient? ☐ brown sugar ☐ artificial sweetener ☐ white sugar 16. What are the most effective ways to control diabetes? ☐ Exercise regularly ☐ Take medicine ☐ Reduce alcohol drinks 17. What is the sugar level of diagnosis of a diabetes patient? ☐ More than 6.0 mmol/l (108mg/dl) ☐ More than 6.9 mmol/l (126mg/dl)
  • 11. 11 | P a g e 18. Gestational Diabetes usually effect to what type of people? ☐ Female during pregnancy ☐ People who overweight 19. A feeling of itchiness on your skin is sometimes a symptom of diabetes. ☐ Yes ☐ No 20. Diabetes is a disease of blood sugar. ☐ Yes ☐ No
  • 12. 12 | P a g e STATISTICAL ANALYSIS 1. Your gender? 2. Which ethnicity is at the highest risk for Diabetes? AFRICAN EUROPEAN ASIAN MALE 4 48 94 FEMALE 6 50 94 0 20 40 60 80 100 AFRICAN EUROPEAN ASIAN MALE FEMALE 50%50% MALE FEMALE The figure shows the percentage of male and female based on 300 survey students in Taylor University lakeside campus. 50% of Male and 50% of Female have contributed to the results shown on the pie chart above. Male: (150/300) × 100% = 50% Female: (150/300) × 100% = 50%
  • 13. 13 | P a g e Based on the figure above, there is a same number of male and female think that Asian has the highest risk for diabetes.32% of male and 33.33% of female thinks European has the highest risk of Diabetes. There are only a few students who think that African has a highest risk for diabetes. Male: African: (4/150) × 100% = 2.67% European: (48/150) × 100% = 32% Asian: (94/150) × 100% = 62.67% 3. Which races is most affected by diabetes in Malaysia? Male: Malay: (82/150) × 100% = 54.67% Chinese: (40/150) × 100% = 26.67% Indian: (28/150) × 100% = 18.67% Due to this survey, There are more than half students think that Malay who is most affected by diabetes in Malaysia. The second is Chinese. The least is Indian. 54% 27% 19% MALE Malay Chinese Indian Female: African: (6/150) × 100% = 4% European: (50/150) × 100% = 33.33% Asian: (94/150) × 100%= 62.67% 60%25% 15% FEMALE Malay Chinese Indian Female: Malay: (90/150) × 100% = 60% Chinese: (37/150) × 100% = 24.67% Indian: (23/150) × 100% = 15.33%
  • 14. 14 | P a g e 4. How many types of diabetes are there? Most of the students understand that there are 2 types of diabetes. Only a few students are wrong in this question. TYPES 1 2 3 4 FEMALE 7.33% 76% 14.67% 2% MALE 10% 76.67% 8% 5.33% 5. What age is the highest risk for diabetes to happen? MALE: 30 AND BELOW: (18/150) × 100% = 12% 31-59 YEARS OLD: (99/150) × 100% = 66% 60 AND ABOVE: (44/150) × 100% = 22% 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 1 TYPE DIABETES 2 TYPES DIABETES 3 TYPES DIABETES 4 TYPES DIABETES 1 TYPE DIABETES 2 TYPES DIABETES 3 TYPES DIABETES 4 TYPES DIABETES FEMALE 11 114 22 3 MALE 15 115 12 8 18 99 44 33 105 12 30 AND BELOW 31-59 YEARS OLD 60 AND ABOVE MALE FEMALE
  • 15. 15 | P a g e FEMALE: 30 AND BELOW: (33/150) × 100% = 22% 31-59 YEARS OLD: (105/150) × 100% = 70% 60 AND ABOVE: (12/150) × 100% = 8% Based on the figure above, we can see that most of the students think that at age range 31-59 years old has a higher risk of getting diabetes. Age range 31-59 years old is also a modal class as it has the highest frequency which is 99 males and 105 females compared to other age ranges. 6. What types of diabetes can be prevented through lifestyles changes? ALL STUDENTS: TYPE 1 DIABETES: (63/300) x 100% = 21% TYPE 2 DIABETES: (175/300) x 100% = 58.33% ALL OF ABOVE: (62/300) x 100% = 20.67% Based on the figure above, 58% of the students understand about type 2 diabetes can be prevented through lifestyles changes. It is because type 1 diabetes is caused by genetic. 21% 58% 21% TYPE 1 DIABETES TYPE 2 DIABETES ALL OF ABOVE
  • 16. 16 | P a g e 7. High blood pressure is a risk factor for diabetes. Based on the figure above, females students are more understanding about high blood pressure is a risk factor for diabetes compared to male students. The percentage of female who agree is 85.33%, while male who agree is only 55.33%. The percentages of male who agree or disagree are not much different. It shows almost half of the male participants are misunderstand. MALE: AGREE: (83/150) x 100% = 55.33% DISAGREE: (67/150) x 100% = 44.67% FEMALE: AGREE: (128/150) x 100% = 85.33% DISAGREE: (22/150) x 100% = 14.67% 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 AGREE DIASREE MALE FEMALE
  • 17. 17 | P a g e 8. Which of the following can alter a person’s blood glucose levels? EXERCISE CLIMATE STRES LEVEL ALL OF ABOVE MALE 65 7 24 54 FEMALE 98 8 14 30 Based on the figure, 43.33% of male and 65.33% of female think exercise can alter a person’s blood glucose level. 7% of male and 5.44% of female think climate can alter a person’s blood glucose level. There are also 16% of male and 9.44% of female think stress level can alter a person’s blood glucose level. Besides, 36% of male and 20% of female think all of above will alter a person’s blood glucose level. Male: Exercise – (65/150) x 100% = 43.33% Climate – (7/150) x 100% = 4.67% Stress level – (24/150) x 100% = 16% All of above – (54/150) x 100% = 36% Female: Exercise – (98/150) x 100% = 65.33% Climate – (8/150) x 100% = 5.33 % Stress level – (14/150) x 100% = 9.33% All of above – (30/150) x 100% = 20% 0 20 40 60 80 100 EXERCISE CLIMATE STRESS LEVEL ALL OF ABOVE MALE FEMALE
  • 18. 18 | P a g e 9. Which factor do you think is the main causes of this disease? Based on the figure, there are 12% of male and 17.33% of female think genetic is the main causes of this disease. Therefore, there are also 88% of male and 82.67% of female think unhealthy lifestyle is the main causes of this disease. Hence, not everyone has the genetic problem, but everyone who has unhealthy lifestyle can caused diabetes easily. MALE: Genetic : (18/150) x 100% = 12% Unhealthy Lifestyle : (132/150) x 100% = 88% FEMALE: Genetic : (26/150) x 100% = 17.33% Unhealthy Lifestyle : (124/150) x 100% = 82.67% 0 50 100 150 GENETIC UNHEALTHY LIFESTYLE MALE FEMALE GENETIC UNHEALTHY LIFESTYLE MALE 18 132 FEMALE 26 124
  • 19. 19 | P a g e 10. When is the suitable time to have a blood test? BEFORE MEAL AFTER MEAL MALE 114 36 FEMALE 134 16 Based on the figure, there are 76% of male and 89.33% of female think before meal is the suitable time to have a blood test. Besides, there are also 24% of male and 10.67% of female think after meal is the suitable time to have a blood test. Hence, your pre-meal tests can provide an indication of how well your body is coping, with support from any medication, with your previous meal. If you have high results, it may indicate that either the carbohydrate you are eating is too much or that your medication may not be adequate. Male: Before meal : (114/150) x 100% = 76% After meal : (36/150) x 100% = 24% Female: Before meal : (134/150) x 100% = 89.33% After meal : (16/150) x 100% = 10.67% 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 BEFORE MEAL AFTER MEAL MALE FEMALE
  • 20. 20 | P a g e 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 First Stage Second Stage Third Stage Fourth Stage Fifth Stage All Stage 11. At which stages of diabetes can be cured? Based on the table shows that 64 male and 83 female students think most of the patient of diabetes can be cured at the first stage. First stage is the modal class for both categories. Which males reach 42.67%, 64 students and females 49.1%, 83 students. Male: 1st stage: (64/150) x 100% = 42.67% 2nd stage: (38/150) x 100% = 25.33% 3rd stage: (18/150) x 100% = 12% 4th stage: (1/150) x 100% = 0.67% 5th stage: (1/150) x 100% = 0.67% All stages: (28/150) x 100% = 18.67% Female: 1st stage: (83/150) x 100% = 49.1% 2nd stage: (34/150) x 100% = 22.67% 3rd stage: (10/150) x 100% = 6.67% 4th stage: (1/150) x 100% = 0.67% 5th stage: (20/150) x 100% = 13.33% First Stage Second Stage Third Stage Forth Stage Fifth Stage All Stage Male 64 38 18 1 1 28 Female 83 34 10 1 2 20
  • 21. 21 | P a g e 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Excessive thirst Increased hunger Tiredness All of above 12. What are the symptoms of diabetes? Most of the students agreed that excessive thirst, increased hunger and tiredness is the symptoms of diabetes. 68 out of 150 of male agreed and reach 45.33%, while 88 out of 150 female agreed and reach 52%. 38 males and 32 females think that excessive thirst is the symptoms and reach the second highest of the chart. For tiredness, 30males and 18 female agreed. Less student agreed that increased hunger is the symptoms, only 14 male and 10 female. Male: Excessive thirst: (38/150) x 100% = 25.33% Increased hunger: (14/150) x 100% = 9.33% Tiredness: (30/150) x 100% = 20% All of above: (68/1150) x 100% = 45.33% Female: Excessive thirst: (32/150) x 100% = 21.3% Increased hunger: (10/150) x 100% = 6.67% Tiredness: (18/150) x 100% = 12% All of above: (90/150) x 100% = 60% Excessive thirst Increased hunger Tiredness All of above Male 38 14 30 68 Female 32 10 18 90
  • 22. 22 | P a g e 13. Which of the following are complications of diabetes? From the chart above, the modal class of disease in male category is delayed wound healing. 65 out of 150 of male agreed that and reach 43.33%. On the other hand, female had a different modal class. 66 out of 150 of female agreed delayed wound healing, vision loss and kidney failure are the complications of diabetes and reach 44% Male: Delayed wound healing: (65/150) x 100% = 43.33% Vision loss: (11/150) x 100% = 7.33% Kidney failure: (11/150) x 100% = 7.33% All of above: (63/150) x 100% = 42% Female: Delayed wound healing: (60/150) x 100% = 40% Vision loss: (10/150) x 100% 6.67% Kidney failure: (14/150) x100% = 9.33% All of above: (66/150) x 100% = 44% Delayed wound healing Vision Loss Kidney Failure All of above Male 65 11 11 63 Female 60 10 14 66 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Delayed wound healing Vision loss Kidney failure All of above
  • 23. 23 | P a g e 14. What gender is more likely to be diagnosed with diabetes? Male Female Male 95 55 Female 46 83 Based on the chart, each of the gender think that their own gender more likely to be diagnosed with diabetes. 15. What type of sugar is the best sugar for diabetes patient? Brown Sugar Artificial Sweetener White Sugar Males 53 93 4 Females 48 98 4 0 20 40 60 80 100 Male Female
  • 24. 24 | P a g e Female Brown Sugar Arritificial Sweetner White Sugar Male: Brown sugar: (53/150) x 100% = 35.35% Artificial sweetener: (93/150) x100% = 62% White sugar: (4/150) x 100% = 2.67% Female: Brown sugar: (48/150) x 100% = 32% Artificial sweetener: (98/150) x 100% = 65.33% White sugar: (4/150) x 100% = 2.67% 16. What are the most effective ways to control diabetes? EXERCISE REGULARLY TAKE MEDICINE REDUCE ALCOHOL DRINKS MALE 103 44 3 FEMALE 108 40 2 Male Brown Sugar Artificial Sweetener White Sugar
  • 25. 25 | P a g e Based on the figure above, 68.67% of male and 72% of female think exercise regularly is the most efficient ways to control diabetes. 29.33% of male and 26.67% of female think take medicine is the most efficient ways to control diabetes. Lastly, there are a few students who think reduce alcohol drinks is the most efficient ways to control diabetes. Male: Exercise Regularly : (103/150) x 100% = 68.67% Take Medicine :(44/150) x 100% = 29.33% Reduce Alcohol Drinks : (3/150) x 100% = 2% Female Exercise Regularly: (108/150) x 100% = 72% Take Medicine :(40/150) x 100% = 26.67% Reduce Alcohol Drinks : (2/150) x 100% = 1.33% 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 EXERCISE REGULARLY TAKE MEDICINE REDUCE ALCOHOL DRINKS MALE FEMALE
  • 26. 26 | P a g e 17. What is the sugar level of diagnosis of a diabetes patient? More than 6.0 mmol/l (108mg/dl) More than 6.9 mmol/l (126mg/dl) MALE 55 50 FEMALE 64 86 Based on the figure above, female are more understand about the sugar level of diagnosis of a diabetes patient. There are 57.33% of female and 33.33% of male chosen the correct sugar level of diagnosis of diabetes patient which the sugar level more than 6.9 mmol/l (126mg/dl). Besides, there are 42.67% of female and 36.67% of male chosen the wrong answer. Male : More than 6.0 mmol/l (108mg/dl):(55/150) x 100% = 36.67% More than 6.9 mmol.l (126mg/dl):(50/150) x 100% = 33.33% Female: More than 6.0 mmol/l (108mg/dl):(64/150) x 100% = 42.67% More than 6.9 mmol.l (126mg/dl):(86/150) x 100% = 57.33% 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 More than 6.0 mmol/l (108mg/dl) More than 6.9 mmol/l (126mg/dl) Male Female
  • 27. 27 | P a g e 18. Gestational Diabetes usually effect to what type of people? Based on the figure above, 25.33% of male and 27.33% of female think gestational diabetes usually effect to female during pregnancy. Therefore, 74.67% of male and 72.67% of female think gestational diabetes usually effect to people who are overweight. Male Female during pregnancy : (38/150) x 100% = 25.33% People who overweight: (112/150) x 100% = 74.67% Female Female during pregnancy: (41/150) x 100% = 27.33% People who overweight: (109/150) x 100% = 72.67% 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 FEMALE DURING PREGNANCY PEOPLE WHO OVERWEIGHT MALE FEMALE FEMALE DURING PREGNANCY PEOPLE WHO OVERWEIGHT MALE 38 112 FEMALE 41 109
  • 28. 28 | P a g e 19. A feeling of itchiness on your skin is sometimes a symptom of diabetes. Yes No Male 47 103 Female 38 112 Based on the figure, there are 31.33% of male and 25.33% of female chosen the answer of yes, while there are 68.67% of male and 74.67% of female chosen the answer of no. Most of the students think that a feeling of itchiness on your skin sometimes is not a symptom of diabetes. It shown that most of students misunderstand about diabetes. A feeling of itchiness on your skin sometimes is a symptom of diabetes. Male: Yes: (47/150) x 100% = 31.33% No: (103/150) x 100% = 68.67% Female: Yes: (38/150) x 100% = 25.33% No: (112/150) x 100% = 74.67% 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Yes No Male Female
  • 29. 29 | P a g e 20. Diabetes is a disease of blood sugar. Based on the figure above, there is 88% of male and female agreed that diabetes is a disease of blood sugar. Therefore, there is also 12% of male and female does not agree that diabetes is a disease of blood sugar. Most of the student misunderstand about diabetes is a disease of blood sugar. Hence, diabetes is NOT a disease of blood sugar, but rather a disorder of insulin and leptin signaling. Male & Female: Yes : (264/300) x 100% = 88% No : (36/300) x 100% = 12% 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 YES NO MALE FEMALE YES NO MALE 132 18 FEMALE 132 18
  • 30. 30 | P a g e Conclusion In a nutshell, other than just collect and interpret statistical data, the major purpose of this assignment is to investigate the understanding of the students in Taylor’s University on the common chronic diseases in Malaysia. In the same time, this survey also creates a schema and awareness to the individuals in Malaysia especially the students on the top common chronic diseases in Malaysia. Through this survey, we can also create an idea of the understanding levels among the participants on their knowledge of diabetes. In addition, not only participate student increase their knowledge as well as we understand more about diabetes. For the first step, we try to figure out what is the best question but we know nothing about diabetes. So, each of us did some research and discover what is diabetes. Basically, diabetes have three type. Type one is because the body does not produce insulin while type two is because the body does not produce enough insulin for proper function. Both of this type are similar but gestational diabetes are totally different. Gestational Diabetes only happened on female during pregnancy. The number of diabetes in Malaysia is getting higher and is the number one country in ASEAN. Most importantly, all stages have to control your blood sugar even though there’s no cure. Through this survey, we had learnt many things such as communicate with stranger, collecting data, analysis data, tabulating data, converting data in to charts, apply statistic principle, design a poster but the most important is teamwork. In this project, we work as a group so we have to cooperate and tolerate each other, if not we can’t finish it on time.
  • 31. 31 | P a g e Last but not least, we hope that through this survey more people we know more about diabetes and create an awareness to themselves. Diabetes is a non cure disease so we should prevent it. As the saying goes, “prevention is better than cure.”