1. Strengths and Weakness of Informatics
Strengths and Weakness of InformaticsReview websites of health informatics and other
articles in the USU Academic databases.Identifying strengths and weaknesses of informatics
and the use of EHRs (Electronic Health Records) in healthcare, using a minimum of 5 peer-
reviewed references, and no more than 20 references total (the textbook is an excellent
reference and may be used as an extra reference, but it is not a peer-reviewed reference).
Please contact me if you are unsure of what peer-reviewed literature means.One of the
pages must be a SWOT table (see below or Google).
Strengths/Weaknesses/Opportunities/Threats or SWOT analyses are a great way for you to
learn about a topic and an extremely useful tool that is actually used in both large and small
organizations. Since the majority of you will be working in either private industry or for
public entities (military, education, government, etc), this type of analysis will be useful to
you in your job. Please list the characteristics of EHRs and informatics in the tables of your
SWOT chart which will make it easier to describe in your writing.Make sure you aIDress the
course topics and student learning outcomes covered in the first 4 modules. Your title and
reference pages are not counted as part of the 5 – 8. Please follow your APA
guidelines.SWOT TableStrengths WeaknessesOpportunities Threats Discussion #1:1.
Bellinger, G., Casstro, D.& Mills, A. (2004). Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom.
Retrieved from http://www.systems-thinking.org/dikw/dikw.htm2. U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services. Health Information Technology and Quality Improvement.
(n.d.). How can you successfully collect and analyze data?. Retrieved from
http://www.hrsa.gov/healthit/toolbox/RuralHealthITtoolbox/PatientQuality/analyzedata.
html3. Bess, O., Wallace, M., Torpunari, V., O’ Neil, M., Schwend, G., Haughton, J., & …
Kolbeck, G. (2012). Looking toward the future: 2012: Industry insiders weigh in on the year
ahead in healthcare technology. Health Management Technology, 33(1), 8-15. Retrieved
from CINAHL Plus with Full Text.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2011446252&site=ehos
t-liveDiscussion #2:1. Teare, D. (2012). Internetworking Technology Handbook.
Indianapolis: Cisco Press, Retrieved from
http://docwiki.cisco.com/wiki/Internetworking_Technology_Handbook2. Ratzel, R., &
Greenstreet, R. (2012). Toward Higher Precision. Communications Of The ACM, 55(10), 38-
47. doi:10.1145/2347736.2347750. Retrieved from Business source
Elite.http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsh&AN=82150085&site=eh
ost-live3. Thomas, B., Jurdak, R., & Atkinson, I. (2012). SPDYing Up the Web.
2. Communications Of The ACM, 55(12), 64-73. Retrieved from Business source
Elite.5http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsh&AN=84348443&site=e
host-live4. Sreelatha, A. A., VinayaBabu, A. A., Madhukar, K. K., Nagaprasa, S. S., Verghese, D.,
Mallaiah, V. V., & Pratima, A. A. (2010). Mobile Wireless Enhanced Routing Protocol in
Adhoc Networks. International Journal On Computer Science & Engineering, 2398-2401.
Retrievede from Academic Search
Premier.http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=58663725&site
=ehost-liveDatabase Models (n.d.). Retrieved from
www.unixspace.com/context/databases.htmlDiscussion #3:1. Textbook Chapter 7 (pps
211-253):Shortliffe, E.H., Cimino (eds.) Biomedical Informatics, London: Springer-Verlag,
2014.2. Szolovits, P. (2003). Nature of Medical Data. MIT, Intro to Medical Informatics:
Lecture-2. Retrieved from
http://groups.csail.mit.edu/medg/courses/6872/2003/slides/lecture2-print.pdf3. Blair, J.
S. (1999). An Overview of Healthcare Information Standards, IBM Healthcare Solutions.
Retrieved from http://lists.essential.org/med-privacy/msg00186.html4. ANSI Standards
Activities. Healthcare Information Technology Standards Panel. Retrieved
fromhttp://www.ansi.org/standards_activities/standards_boards_panels/hisb/hitsp.aspx?
menuid=3Health IT. Gov. Health IT Standards Committee. Retrieved
fromhttp://www.healthit.gov/policy-researchers-implementers/health-it-standards-
committee5. American National Standards Institute. Healthcare Informatics Standards
Board. (n.d.) Inventory if health care information standards: pertaining to the Health
Insurance Portability and Accountbility Act (HIPAA) of 1996. (P.L. 104-191). Retrieved
fromhttp://aspe.hhs.gov/admnsimp/hisbinv0.htm6.Health Level Seven: Links to Standards
Developers. Retrieved from http://www.hl7.com.au/FAQ.htm7. U.S. National Library of
Medicine. National Institute of Health. (2003). Unified Medical Language Fact Sheet.
Retrieve from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/umls.html8. Gannot, I.(n.d.)
Computers in Medicine. Retrieved
fromhttp://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/Panfilo-42896-Introduction-lesson-
Computers-Medicine-Computer-Meets-Biology-Emergence-Discipline-Subjects-Index-
Inputs-le-Education-ppt-powerpoint/Discussion #4:1. Textbook chapters 8 and 12 (Natural
Language Processing in Healthcare and Biomedicine, Electornic Health Records
Systems)Shortliffe, E.H., Cimino, J.J. (eds), Biomedical Informatics. London: Springer-
Verlag.2. Johnson, Ronald. (2003). Health Care Technology: A History of Clinical Care
Innovation. Health Technology: Special Technology Overview, HCT Project, 1. Retrieved
fromhttp://mthink.com/article/health-care-technology-history-clinical-care-innovation/3.
Mueller, M. L., Ganslandt, T., Frankewitsch, T., Krieglsein, C. F., Senninger, N. & Prokosch, H.
U. (2003). Workflow Analysis and Evidence-Base Medicine: Toward Integration of
Knowledge-Based Functions in Hospital Information Systems. Department of Medical
Informatics and Biomathematics, University of Muenster, Germany. Retrieved
fromhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10566375
ORhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2232821/Q&A x 4 weeks:1. Identify
barriers to effective communications in healthcare settingsThere are various barriers to
effective communications in healthcare settings. Although language can be a huge barrier,
3. the barrier that frustrates me the most at work is "lack of data." It is imperitive that all
nurses chart accurately in the computer; like the old saying, if it hasn’ t been charted, it
wasn’ t done! I realize that the night nurse is tired and wants to go home, but I do not
tolerate getting 1/2 of a report because she is in a hurry! There have been far too many
times errors are made because the previous nurse did not chart the things she either did or
didn’ t do, and then followed that up by not mentioning it in shift change. This is proof of
how important technology is in the healthcare workplace. These are patient’ s lives and
they have the right to receive accurate treatment and in order for us to do that, our charting
needs to be completed and in the computer 100%. This way, if a nurse forgets to tell me
something vital about the patient, I can look it up at anytime during my shift in the
patient’ s chart on the computer.2. Explain and Discuss the Open Systems Interconnection
Reference Model (OSI) as a framework for communications flowThe OSI or Open System
Interconnection, model defines a networking framework to implement protocols in seven
layers. Control is passed from one layer to the next, starting at the application layer in one
station, and proceeding to the bottom layer, over the channel to the next station and back
up the hierarchy.There’ s really nothing to the OSI model. In fact, it’ s not even tangible. The
OSI model doesn’ t do any functions in the networking process, It is a conceptual
framework so we can better understand complex interactions that are happening. The OSI
model takes the task of internetworking and divides that up into what is referred to as a
vertical stack that consists of the following layers:Physical (Layer 1)This layer conveys the
bit stream – electrical impulse, light or radio signal —through the network at the electrical
and mechanical level. It provides the hardware means of sending and receiving data on a
carrier, including defining cables, cards and physical aspects. Fast Ethernet, RS232, and
ATM are protocols with physical layer components.Data Link (Layer 2)At this layer, data
packets are encoded and decoded into bits. It furnishes transmission protocol knowledge
and management and handles errors in the physical layer, flow control and frame
synchronization. The data link layer is divided into two sub layers: The Media Access
Control (MAC) layer and the Logical Link Control (LLC) layer. The MAC sub layer controls
how a computer on the network gains access to the data and permission to transmit it. The
LLC layer controls frame synchronization, flow control and error checking.– Layer 2 Data
Link examples include PPP, FIDI, ATM, IEEE 802.5/ 802.2, IEEE 802.3/802.2, HDLC, Frame
RelayNetwork (Layer 3)This layer provides switching and routing technologies, creating
logical paths, known as virtual circuits, for transmitting data from node to node. Routing
and forwarding are functions of this layer, as well as aIDressing, internetworking, error
handling, congestion control and packet sequencing.– Layer 3 Network examples include
AppleTalk IDP, IP, IPX.Transport (Layer 4)This layer provides transparent transfer of data
between end systems, or hosts, and is responsible for end-to-end error recovery and flow
control. It ensures complete data transfer.– Layer 4 Transport examples include SPX, TCP,
UDP.Session (Layer 5)This layer establishes, manages and terminates connections between
applications. The session layer sets up, coordinates, and terminates conversations,
exchanges, and dialogues between the applications at each end. It deals with session and
connection coordination.– Layer 5 Session examples include NFS, NetBios names, RPC,
SQL.Presentation (Layer 6)This layer provides independence from differences in data
4. representation (e.g., encryption) by translating from application to network format, and
vice versa. The presentation layer works to transform data into the form that the
application layer can accept. This layer formats and encrypts data to be sent across a
network, providing freedom from compatibility problems. It is sometimes called the syntax
layer.– Layer 6 Presentation examples include encryption, ASCII, EBCDIC, TIFF, GIF, PICT,
JPEG, MPEG, MIDI.Application (Layer 7)This layer supports application and end-user
processes. Communication partners are identified, quality of service is identified, user
authentication and privacy are considered, and any constraints on data syntax are
identified. Everything at this layer is application-specific. This layer provides application
services for file transfers, e-mail, and other network software services. Telnet and FTP are
applications that exist entirely in the application level. Tiered application architectures are
part of this layer.– Layer 7 Application examples include WWW browsers, NFS, SNMP,
Telnet, HTTP, FTPRetrieved from: The 7 Layers of the OSI Model – Webopedia.com
http://webopedia.com/quick_ref/OSI_Layers.aspI believe the importance of the OSI model
is for the communication of networks specifically designed for a communication system. It
is a system designed for trouble shooting errors in communication, in a way that is logical
through step by step through its seven layer model.3. Discuss the ways the NLP is used to
manage biomedical recordsNatural language processing has a wide range of potential
applications in the biomedical domain. NLP enables a new level of functionality for health
care and research-oriented applications that would not be otherwise possible. NLP methods
can help manage large volumes of text (e.g. patient reports or journal articles) by extracting
relevant information in a timely manner.The following are important applications of NLP
technology in biomedicine:Information extraction: This locates and structures important
information in text, usually without performing a complete analysis.Information retrieval:
this helps users to access documents in very large collections, such as the scientific
literature. This is a crucial application in biomedicine, due to the explosion of information
available in electronic form. The essential goal of information retrieval is to match a user’ s
query against the collection and return of most similar documents.Text generation: this
formulates natural language sentences from a given source of information, usually
structured data. These techniques can be used to generate text from a structured database,
such as summarizing trends and patterns in laboratory data.User interfaces: this enables
humans to communicate more effectively with computer systems. Tools that facilitate data
entry are an important application in biomedicine. Data can be captured by keyboard (e.g. a
single clinical report such as a discharge summary), or of multiple documents (e.g., multiple
journal articles).Machine translation: this converts text in one language (e.g., English) into
another (e.g., Spanish).Reference:Shortliffe, E.H., Cimino (eds.) Biomedical Informatics,
London: Springer-Verlag, 2014ORDER TODAY YOUR PAPER WITH SIMILAR INSTRUCTIONS
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