FIL Outreach workshop presentation 4.FIL Farm survey results by Ben Belton

1. Photo Credit Goes Here
FARM SURVEY RESULTS
Ben Belton (Michigan State University) & Hazrat Ali (Bangladesh Agricultural University)
Photo: MM Haque
The Harnessing Machine Learning Project Outreach Workshop with Development Partners
August 4, 2022

2. MIXTURE OF AQUATIC SYSTEMS
39%
29%
23%
9%
N = 721
Only fish Fish, shrimp & prawn Fish & prawn Fish & shrimp
Distribution of farms in sample by aquatic foods produced

3. RANGE OF YIELDS, FISH DOMINANT (90%)
4765
2715
3284
1947 2212
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
All Only fish Fish & prawn Fish & shrimp Fish, shrimp &
prawn
Yield
(kg/ha)
Carp Tilapia Other fish
Prawn Shrimp
Average yields, by farm type and species group

4. VERY HIGH DIVERSITY OF AQUATIC FOODS
PRODUCED PER FARM (MEDIAN 9)
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 5 10 15 20
%
of
farms
harvesting
Number of species harvested
Only fish Fish & prawn Fish & shrimp Fish, shrimp & prawn
Number of species harvested, by type of farm

5. PRODUCTION HIGHLY COMMERCIAL BUT ALSO
MEETS SUBSISTENCE NEEDS
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
All Only
fish
Fish &
prawn
Fish &
shrimp
Fish,
shrimp
& prawn
%
of
HH...
Selling Consuming Gifting
71 71
55 54
91 92
24 24
39 37
8 7
5 5 6 9
Total Carp Tilapia Other
fish
Prawn Shrimp
%
of
product…
Sold Consumed Gifted
% farms selling, consuming, gifting,
by type of farm
% of crop sold, consumed, gifted,
by species group

6. HIGH LEVEL & DIVERSITY OF INTEGRATION WITH
CROP FARMING
Distribution of farms by aquatic foods produced and type of crop integration
26
4 7
19
2
5 1
4
10
4
2
2
10
5
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
Only fish Fish and prawn Fish and shrimp Fish, prawn,
shrimp
%
of
farms
Non-integrated Integrated rice
Integrated fruit and veg Integrated rice, fruit, and veg

7. MIX OF CROPS FOR SALE AND CONSUMPTION
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000 Non-Integrated
Rice
FV
Rice
and
FV
Non-Integrated
Rice
FV
Rice
and
FV
Non-Integrated
Non-integrated
Rice
Rice
and
FV
All farms Fish Fish/prawn Fish/shrimpFish/prawn/shrimp
%
sold
Production
(Kg/ha)
Total kg fish per Ha Total kg fruit and veg per Ha Total kg rice per Ha
Share (%) kg fish sold Share (%) kg fruit and veg sold Share (%) kg rice sold

8. VARIABLE MICRO-NUTRIENT YIELDS ACROSS
SYSTEMS
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35 Non-Integrated
Rice
FV
Rice
and
FV
Non-Integrated
Rice
FV
Rice
and
FV
Non-Integrated
Non-integrated
Rice
Rice
and
FV
All farms Fish Fish/prawn Fish/shrimp
Fish/prawn/shrimp
Calcium
AEs/ha
Annual AE consumed Annual AE sold
Calcium production/ha, expressed as # adults able to meet annual requirements

9. INTENSIFICATION, MULTIPLE FEEDS, WIDESPREAD USE
OF PELLETS, ESP. FLOATING
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
Only fish Fish &
prawn
Fish &
shrimp
Fish,
shrimp &
prawn
Feed
use
(t/ha)
Floating pellet Broken rice
Sinking pellet Wheat bran
Rice bran Mustard oilcake
91
62 59
33
3.9 5
% farms using pelleted & non-pelleted
feeds
Feed use (t/ha) by feed & farm type
(unconditional average)

10. DISEASE DISPROPORTIONATELY IMPACTS SHRIMP
0
10
20
30
40
All Only fish Fish & prawn Fish & shrimp Fish, shrimp &
prawn
%
of
farms
affected
White spot disease EUS
Broken antenna Argulosis
Greenish scum Red spot
Soft shell Others
% farms experiencing diseases in last cycle, by type of farm

11. DISEASE DISPROPORTIONATELY IMPACTS SHRIMP
50
29
19 17 15 14 14 13 12 12 11
5
Mortality
(%)
Mean mortality rate from diseases in last cycle, by type of farm

12. LIMITED USE OF BEST PRACTICES TO IMPROVE
SURVIVAL DESPITE DISEASE
• Only 14% of prawn/shrimp farms nurse PLs
before stocking
• 16% of farms stock PCR tested PL. Among farms
stocking, only 55% of PL are PCR tested
• Most farms say don’t know about PRC tested PL,
not available, or too expensive (around 1/3 each)
• <2% farms stock PL originating from SPF brood

13. BIG DROP IN PRODUCTION DUE TO COVID-19;
FISH FARMS LESS IMPACTED
1,384
965
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
2019 2020
Quantity
sold
per
farm
(kg)
(-30%)
Average production per farm (kg) in
2019 and 2020
68
54
76 77
86
All Only
fish
Fish &
prawn
Fish &
shrimp
Fish,
shrimp
&
prawn
%
of
farms
impacted
% Farms impacted by COVID during
current cycle (2020)

14. HIGH EXPOSURE TO EXTREME WEATHER:
MAINLY FLOODING
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
%
of
farms
experiencing
% farms experiencing negative
impacts of extreme weather in past
10 years
62
52
68
62
70
2 0 3 0 2
15 13
26
3
13
20
13
18
30 29
All Only Fish Fish and
Prawn
Fish and
Shrimp
Fish,
Shrimp,
and Prawn
Flooding Drought Intense rainfall Others
% farms experiencing extreme weather in
past 10 years, by type of event

15. WIDESPREAD & SEVERE IMPACTS OF FLOODING
36
97
-44
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Ponds & ghers flooded
in past 12 months (%)
Flooded plots with
lower than usual yield
(%)
Change in yield
compared to
expectation (%)
% farms experiencing flooding & lower yields in last cycle, and estimated size of loss

16. CONCLUSIONS
• Production systems highly diverse – reflects variance environmental
conditions, disease, market orientation & opportunities
• Further analysis can reveal most nutrition sensitive elements for replication
• Disease mainly impacts shrimp, fish & prawn more resilient – limited
adoption of measures to improve survival
• Disease contributes to ongoing shift from shrimp to prawn & from
crustaceans to fish. Fish is major crop; intensification with floating feeds
• Shrimp /prawn producers more negatively impacted by COVID-19 than fish
producers
• High incidence of exposure to extreme weather, esp. flooding. Flood events
= 16% loss of total crop yield.
• But systems profitable & resilient despite challenges, in part due to
diversity and adaptability, generating cash + subsistence food

17. www.feedthefuture.gov