IB Chemistry on Uncertainty calculation for Order and Rate of reaction
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IB Chemistry on Uncertainty calculation for Order and Rate of reaction
![Using 2nd methodto find order
Determinationorder: Na2S2O3 + 2HCI → NaCI + H2O + S + SO2
Order of Na2S2O3
Conc Na2S2O3 changes, fix [HCI] = 0.1M
Na2S2O3 added
HCI was added
Time taken X fade away
Conc
Na2S2O3
Time/s
Trial 1
±0.01
Time/s
Trial 2
±0.01
Time/s
Trial 3
±0.01
Average
time
Rate
0.05 102.96 103.23 114.80 107.00 0.00046
0.10 45.43 44.08 38.35 42.62 0.0023
0.15 27.36 27.13 26.36 26.95 0.0055
0.20 18.06 18.57 17.53 18.05 0.0111
0.25 15.26 15.44 16.88 15.86 0.0158
Result expt
00046.0
107
05.0
.
timeAve
Conc
Rate
Cal for Conc 0.05M
4 ways for uncertainty rate
1st method
Ave time = (107.00 ± 0.01)
% uncertainty time = 9.34 x 10-3 %
%∆ Rate = % ∆ Time
Rate = 0.00046 ± 9.34 x 10-3 %
= 0.00046 ± 0.000000043
Too small
Poor choice
4th method
Uncertainty rate = (Max – min) for rate
Rate 1 = Conc/time 1 = 0.05 / 102.96 = 0.00049
Rate 2 = Conc/time 2 = 0.05 / 103.23 = 0.00048
Rate 3 = Conc/ time 3 = 0.05 / 114.80 = 0.00043
Max rate = 0.00049
Min rate = 0.00043
Range = (Max – Min)/2
Range = (0.00049 – 0.00043)/2
= 0.00003
Average rate = (R1 + R2 + R3)/3
= 0.00047 ± 0.00003
Consistent
Good choice
3rd method
Uncertainty rate = std deviation (for conc 0.05)
Rate 1 = Conc/time 1 = 0.05 / 102.96 = 0.00049
Rate 2 = Conc/time 2 = 0.05 / 103.23 = 0.00048
Rate 3 = Conc / time 3 = 0.05 / 114.80 = 0.00043
Average rate = (R1 + R2 + R3)/3
= 0.00047 ± std dev
= 0.00047 ± 0.000032
Consistent
Good choice
2nd method
Using Range (Max – Min) for time
Range = (Max – Min) for time/2
Range = (114.80 – 102.96)/2 = 5.92
Ave time = (107.00 ± 5.92)
% uncertainty time = 5.5%
% ∆Rate = % ∆Time
Rate = 0.00046 ± 5.5%
= 0.00046 ± 0.000026
Consistent
Good choice](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/vidq8fct8ijy9nqxdulj-signature-f412b48d520e5e457658680457256f79e010e10101063d44faed572a0fe4d65a-poli-160313075539/85/IB-Chemistry-on-Uncertainty-calculation-for-Order-and-Rate-of-reaction-1-320.jpg)
![Determinationorder : Na2S2O3 + 2HCI → NaCI + H2O + S + SO2
Order of Na2S2O3
Conc Na2S2O3 changes, fix [HCI] = 0.1M
Na2S2O3 added
HCI was added
Time taken X fade away
Conc
Na2S2O3
Time/s
Trial 1
±0.01
Time/s
Trial 2
±0.01
Time/s
Trial 3
±0.01
Average
time
Rate
0.05 102.96 103.23 114.80 107.00 0.00046
0.10 45.43 44.08 38.35 42.62 0.0023
0.15 27.36 27.13 26.36 26.95 0.0055
0.20 18.06 18.57 17.53 18.05 0.0111
0.25 15.26 15.44 16.88 15.86 0.0158
Result expt
00046.0
00.107
05.0
.
timeAve
Conc
Rate
Cal for Conc 0.05M
2nd method
Using Range (Max – Min) for time
Range = (Max – Min)/2
Range = (114.80 – 102.96)/2 = 5.92
Ave time = (107.00 ± 5.92)
% uncertainty time = 5.5%
% ∆Rate = %∆Time
Rate = 0.00046 ± 5.5%
= 0.00046 ± 0.000026
Consistent
Good choice
Uncertaintyrate for conc 0.05M
Conc
Na2S2O3
Time/s
Trial 1
±0.01
Time/s
Trial 2
±0.01
Time/s
Trial 3
±0.01
Average
time
± Time
Range (Max- Min)/2
% ±Time Rate(±rate)
0.05 102.96 103.23 114.80 107.00 (114.8-102.96)/2= 5.92 5.5% 0.00046±0.000026
0.10 45.43 44.08 38.35 42.62 (45.43 – 38.35)/2 = 3.54 8.3% 0.0023 ±0.00027
0.15 27.36 27.13 26.36 26.95 (27.13 – 26.36)/2 = 0.50 1.8% 0.0055 ±0.00022
0.20 18.06 18.57 17.53 18.05 (18.06 – 17.53)/2 = 0.52 2.8% 0.0111 ±0.0006
0.25 15.26 15.44 16.88 15.86 (16.88 – 15.26)/2 = 0.81 5.1% 0.0158 ±0.0011](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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IB Chemistry on Uncertainty calculation for Order and Rate of reaction
- 1. Using 2nd methodto find order Determinationorder: Na2S2O3 + 2HCI → NaCI + H2O + S + SO2 Order of Na2S2O3 Conc Na2S2O3 changes, fix [HCI] = 0.1M Na2S2O3 added HCI was added Time taken X fade away Conc Na2S2O3 Time/s Trial 1 ±0.01 Time/s Trial 2 ±0.01 Time/s Trial 3 ±0.01 Average time Rate 0.05 102.96 103.23 114.80 107.00 0.00046 0.10 45.43 44.08 38.35 42.62 0.0023 0.15 27.36 27.13 26.36 26.95 0.0055 0.20 18.06 18.57 17.53 18.05 0.0111 0.25 15.26 15.44 16.88 15.86 0.0158 Result expt 00046.0 107 05.0 . timeAve Conc Rate Cal for Conc 0.05M 4 ways for uncertainty rate 1st method Ave time = (107.00 ± 0.01) % uncertainty time = 9.34 x 10-3 % %∆ Rate = % ∆ Time Rate = 0.00046 ± 9.34 x 10-3 % = 0.00046 ± 0.000000043 Too small Poor choice 4th method Uncertainty rate = (Max – min) for rate Rate 1 = Conc/time 1 = 0.05 / 102.96 = 0.00049 Rate 2 = Conc/time 2 = 0.05 / 103.23 = 0.00048 Rate 3 = Conc/ time 3 = 0.05 / 114.80 = 0.00043 Max rate = 0.00049 Min rate = 0.00043 Range = (Max – Min)/2 Range = (0.00049 – 0.00043)/2 = 0.00003 Average rate = (R1 + R2 + R3)/3 = 0.00047 ± 0.00003 Consistent Good choice 3rd method Uncertainty rate = std deviation (for conc 0.05) Rate 1 = Conc/time 1 = 0.05 / 102.96 = 0.00049 Rate 2 = Conc/time 2 = 0.05 / 103.23 = 0.00048 Rate 3 = Conc / time 3 = 0.05 / 114.80 = 0.00043 Average rate = (R1 + R2 + R3)/3 = 0.00047 ± std dev = 0.00047 ± 0.000032 Consistent Good choice 2nd method Using Range (Max – Min) for time Range = (Max – Min) for time/2 Range = (114.80 – 102.96)/2 = 5.92 Ave time = (107.00 ± 5.92) % uncertainty time = 5.5% % ∆Rate = % ∆Time Rate = 0.00046 ± 5.5% = 0.00046 ± 0.000026 Consistent Good choice
- 2. Determinationorder : Na2S2O3 + 2HCI → NaCI + H2O + S + SO2 Order of Na2S2O3 Conc Na2S2O3 changes, fix [HCI] = 0.1M Na2S2O3 added HCI was added Time taken X fade away Conc Na2S2O3 Time/s Trial 1 ±0.01 Time/s Trial 2 ±0.01 Time/s Trial 3 ±0.01 Average time Rate 0.05 102.96 103.23 114.80 107.00 0.00046 0.10 45.43 44.08 38.35 42.62 0.0023 0.15 27.36 27.13 26.36 26.95 0.0055 0.20 18.06 18.57 17.53 18.05 0.0111 0.25 15.26 15.44 16.88 15.86 0.0158 Result expt 00046.0 00.107 05.0 . timeAve Conc Rate Cal for Conc 0.05M 2nd method Using Range (Max – Min) for time Range = (Max – Min)/2 Range = (114.80 – 102.96)/2 = 5.92 Ave time = (107.00 ± 5.92) % uncertainty time = 5.5% % ∆Rate = %∆Time Rate = 0.00046 ± 5.5% = 0.00046 ± 0.000026 Consistent Good choice Uncertaintyrate for conc 0.05M Conc Na2S2O3 Time/s Trial 1 ±0.01 Time/s Trial 2 ±0.01 Time/s Trial 3 ±0.01 Average time ± Time Range (Max- Min)/2 % ±Time Rate(±rate) 0.05 102.96 103.23 114.80 107.00 (114.8-102.96)/2= 5.92 5.5% 0.00046±0.000026 0.10 45.43 44.08 38.35 42.62 (45.43 – 38.35)/2 = 3.54 8.3% 0.0023 ±0.00027 0.15 27.36 27.13 26.36 26.95 (27.13 – 26.36)/2 = 0.50 1.8% 0.0055 ±0.00022 0.20 18.06 18.57 17.53 18.05 (18.06 – 17.53)/2 = 0.52 2.8% 0.0111 ±0.0006 0.25 15.26 15.44 16.88 15.86 (16.88 – 15.26)/2 = 0.81 5.1% 0.0158 ±0.0011
- 3. Determinationorder: Na2S2O3 + 2HCI → NaCI + H2O + S + SO2 Plot of Conc vs Rate Conc Na2S2O3 Rate(±rate) 0.05 0.00046±0.0000026 0.10 0.0023 ±0.00027 0.15 0.0055 ±0.00022 0.20 0.0111 ±0.0006 0.25 0.0158 ±0.0011 Order for Na2S2O3 (fix conc HCI) Let Rate = k[Na2S2O3]x [HCI] y Rate Conc Na2S2O3 Uncertainty rate Conc Na2S2O3 Rate Best fit Order = 2.21 Best fit Order = 2.21 Max fit Order = 2.29 Min fit Order = 2.12 Lowest uncertainty (Lowest Conc) to Highest uncertainty (Highest Conc) Highest uncertainty (Lowest Conc) to Lowest uncertainty (Highest Conc) Max order Min order
- 4. Determinationorder: Na2S2O3 + 2HCI → NaCI + H2O + S + SO2 Conc Na2S2O3 Rate(±rate) 0.05 0.00046±0.0000026 0.10 0.0023 ±0.00027 0.15 0.0055 ±0.00022 0.20 0.0111 ±0.0006 0.25 0.0158 ±0.0011 Conc Na2S2O3 Rate(±rate) 0.05 0.00044 0.10 0.00221 0.15 0.0055 0.20 0.0114 0.25 0.017 Max order Max fit Order = 2.29 Max order – Lowest uncertainty (Lowest Conc) to Highest uncertainty (Highest Conc) Conc Na2S2O3 Rate(±rate) 0.05 0.00046±0.0000026 0.10 0.0023 ±0.00027 0.15 0.0055 ±0.00022 0.20 0.0111 ±0.0006 0.25 0.0158 ±0.0011 Min order Conc Na2S2O3 Rate(±rate) 0.05 0.00048 0.10 0.00248 0.15 0.0055 0.20 0.0108 0.25 0.0147 Conc Na2S2O3 Conc Na2S2O3 Rate Rate Min fit Order = 2.12 Min order – Highest uncertainty (Lowest Conc) to Lowest uncertainty (Highest Conc) Highest uncertainty 0.0158 + 0.0011 = 0.017 Lowest uncertainty 0.00046 – 0.000026 = 0.00044 Highest uncertainty 0.00046 + 0.000026 = 0.00048 Lowest uncertainty 0.0158 – 0.0011 = 0.0147 Lowest uncertainty Highest uncertainty Lowest uncertainty Highest uncertainty Max order Min order
- 5. % Systematic = (10.7 – 4 )= 6.7% error Order respect to Na2S2O3 = 2.21 Theoretical order = 2.00 % Error order = 10.7% Determinationorder: Na2S2O3 + 2HCI → NaCI + H2O + S + SO2 Conc Na2S2O3 Rate(±rate) 0.05 0.00046±0.0000026 0.10 0.0023 ±0.00027 0.15 0.0055 ±0.00022 0.20 0.0111 ±0.0006 0.25 0.0158 ±0.0011 Order for Na2S2O3 (fix conc HCI) Let Rate = k[Na2S2O3]x [HCI] 1 Order x = 2.21 Conc Na2S2O3 Rate Best fit Order = 2.21 Max fit Order = 2.29 Min fit Order = 2.12 Uncertainty order = (Max order – Min order)/2 %7.10%100 00.2 )00.221.2( ± Uncertaintyfor order = (Max – Min order)/2 Max order = 2.29 Min order = 2.12 ± Uncertaintyorder (Max – Min)/2 = ( 2.29 – 2.12)/2 = 0.09 ± Uncertaintyorder = 2.21 ± 0.09 % uncertainty order = (0.09/2.21)x 100 % = 4% % Error order = 10.7% % Uncertainty (Random Error) % Uncertainty (SystematicError) 4% % Error = % Random + % Systematic error error Correct Method !
- 6. Order respect to Na2S2O3 = 2.21 Theoretical order = 2.00 % Error order = 10.7% Determinationorder: Na2S2O3 + 2HCI → NaCI + H2O + S + SO2 Conc Na2S2O3 Rate(±rate) 0.05 0.00046±0.0000026 0.10 0.0023 ±0.00027 0.15 0.0055 ±0.00022 0.20 0.0111 ±0.0006 0.25 0.0158 ±0.0011 Order for Na2S2O3 (fix conc HCI) Let Rate = k[Na2S2O3]x [HCI] 1 Order x = 2.21 Conc Na2S2O3 Rate Best fit Order = 2.21 % Uncertainty rate = % Uncertainty time = 5.5% %7.10%100 00.2 )00.221.2( % Error order = 10.7% % Uncertainty (Random Error) % Uncertainty (SystematicError) 5.5% Conc Na2S2O3 Time/s Trial 1 ±0.01 Time/s Trial 2 ±0.01 Time/s Trial 3 ±0.01 Average time ± Time Range (Max- Min)/2 % ±Time 0.05 102.96 103.23 114.80 107.00 (114.8-102.96)/2= 5.92 5.5% 0.10 45.43 44.08 38.35 42.62 (45.43 – 38.35)/2 = 3.54 8.3% 0.15 27.36 27.13 26.36 26.95 (27.13 – 26.36)/2 = 0.50 1.8% 0.20 18.06 18.57 17.53 18.05 (18.06 – 17.53)/2 = 0.52 2.8% 0.25 15.26 15.44 16.88 15.86 (16.88 – 15.26)/2 = 0.81 5.1% Wrong Method ! % Error = % Random + % Systematic error error % Systematic = (10.7 – 5.5)= 5.2 % error