Callus and meristem culture are tissue culture techniques used to grow plant cells or tissues under sterile conditions. Callus culture involves growing an unorganized mass of cells from isolated plant parts on nutrient media supplemented with hormones. Meristem culture uses the apical meristem to regenerate whole plants and is effective for eliminating viruses. Both techniques require aseptically preparing explant tissues, using suitable growth media and hormones, and incubating cultures under controlled conditions to initiate cell growth. The cultured tissues can be used to regenerate plants, preserve endangered species, and produce plants resistant to diseases.

1. University Of Lahore, Pakistan
Course Title: Techniques In Biotechnology
Topic : Callus + Meristem Culture
Presented To
Mam Shaista
Assistant Professor
Department Of Biotechnology
University Of Lahore
Presented By
Waqar Hussain
Pbt02193006

2.  is a collection of techniques
used to maintain or grow of
Plant cell or tissue under
Aseptic, Controlled
environmental condition and in
Nutrient Medium

3. Choice of Explant
The tissue obtained from a plant to be
cultured is called an Explant.
Explants can be taken from many different
parts of a plant, including portions of
shoots, leaves, stems, roots etc.
Are actively fast growing cell.

4. For successful initiation of culture, three
important criteria should be accomplished:
⮚ Aseptic preparation of plant material.
⮚ Selection of suitable nutrient medium
supplemented with appropriate ratio of
auxins and cytokinins.
⮚ Incubation of culture under controlled
physical condition.

5. Surface sterilization
⮚ Wash with running water
⮚ 70% Alcohol
⮚ 1% sodium hypochlorite
⮚ 0.1% mercury chloride
⮚ Wash with sterile distilled water

6. Ex: MS Media
Components
⮚ Agar solidified or semi-solid nutrient medium
is used
⮚ Plant Growth Hormones (Auxin and
Cytokinin used that induces root and shoot
formation)
⮚ Inorganic Elements (Macro (NPK))
⮚ Organic Elements (Carbon source,
Vitamins)

7. ⮚ Incubation of culture under controlled
physical conditions such as temperature,
light, and humidity is indispensible for the
proper initiation of callus tissue
⮚ The suitable temperature for in vitro callus
initiation and growth is usually 25 ±2°C
⮚ A particular photoperiod (16 hrs. light and 8
hrs. dark) is necessary for the initiation and
growth of callus tissue
⮚ Generally 55% to 60% relative humidity is
maintained in the culture room

9. 1) Seed Culture
2) Embryo Culture
3) Meristem Culture
4) Callus Culture
5) Pollen Culture
6) Protoplast Culture

10. Meaning of Callus Tissue
Callus tissue means an unorganised
mass of cells produced from isolated
plant cells, tissues or organs when
grown aseptically on artificial nutrient
medium under controlled experimental
conditions.
 Totipotency

11. For successful initiation of callus culture,
three important criteria should be
accomplished:
(i) Aseptic preparation of plant material,
(ii) Selection of suitable nutrient medium
supplemented with appropriate ratio of
auxins and cytokinins.
(iii) Incubation of culture under controlled
condition.

12. 1) Selection of Explant
2) Surface Sterilization and Preparation of
Explant
3) Selection and Preparation of Nutrient Media
4) Inoculation(transfer) of Explant in Culture
Media
5) Incubation of Culture Media
6) Sub-culturing of Callus
7) Regeneration of Plant From Callus

13.  The whole plant can be regenerated in
large number from callus tissue known as
plant regeneration or organogenesis or
morphogenesis.
 Regeneration of Medicinally important
plant
Preserving endangered species
Commercial production

14. Defination
Meristem culture can define as the tissue
culture technique which makes the use of
apical meristem to regenerate Plant cell.

15.  Meristem culture particularly involves the
cultivation of the shoot apical meristem.
In 1952 Morel and Martin were the first
scientists who developed the technique of
meristem culture for in-vivo virus eradication
of Dahlia.
 This technique, by the culturing of shoot
Meristem, adventitious roots can regenerate.
 The size of shoot tip is 10mm for the
generation of the virus-free plant.

16. For the regeneration of plant by the
meristem culture, the most widely used
medium
is Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) mediuu
m.
 Fungicides (Bavistin) or Antibiotics
(chloramphenicol or streptomycin) uses to
remove the contamination.

18. Apical shoot culture also helps in the
production of virus-free plants.
The germplasm or the seeds can conserve
in-vitro or by cryopreservation method.
Meristem contains high auxin
concentration which promotes plant
growth.

19. It is a very effective method in the field of
agricultural and industrial science, by
which clones of a plant can prepare and
disease resistant plants can also develop.
For example, Tobacco Mosaic Virus has
been eliminated from the petunia species
of the plant, Cauliflower Mosaic Virus has
been eliminated from the Brassica
oleracea plants etc