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DVT and Vericose Vein and it causes and treatment
- 1. DVT & VARICOSE VEINS Dr. Shair Muhammad Hazara PhD Public Health (Fellow), MSPH, MSBE, BSN
- 4. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) It is the most common venous disorders result from incompetent valves in the veins and obstruction of venous return to the heart, usually as a result of thrombus.
- 5. ETIOLOGY ο§ Venous stasis ο§ Vessel wall injury ο§ Hypercoagulability
- 6. RISK FACTORS β’ Older age β’ Major surgery and orthopedic surgery β’ Cancers β’ Immobilization β’ Pregnancy and the postpartum period
- 7. Cont⦠⒠Trauma and minor leg injury ⒠Previous VTE ⒠Oral contraceptives ⒠Hormonal replacement therapy Central venous catheters ⒠Obesity ⒠Infection
- 9. PATTERNS OF DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS Popliteal thrombosis Femoral thrombosis Iliac thrombosis
- 10. Clot formation Clot can enlarged and extend Venous valves are damaged(Inflammatory response) Postphlebitic syndrome
- 11. Cont⦠Muscle spasm and changes in intravascular pressure Developing thrombus to dislodge & moves towards heart and lungs Obstruct perfusion to the lung segments
- 12. Cont⦠Pulmonary arteries partially or totally obstructed by embolus Circulation of the lung segment affected Lung may undergo severe infarction with massive tissue destruction
- 13. Clinical manifestations Calf thrombosis β’ Calf tenderness β’ Distal swelling Femoral thrombosis β’ Tenderness & pain in distal thigh & popliteal regions β’ Swelling β’ Calf vein thrombosis
- 14. Cont⦠Iliofemoral thrombosis ⒠Massive swelling ⒠Tenderness & pain in entire extremity Upper extremity thrombosis ⒠Swelling of affected extremity ⒠Dilated superficial veins ⒠Tenderness & pain ⒠Impaired mobility
- 15. Cont⦠⒠Local warmth ⒠Mild fever ⒠Possible venous cord in the popliteal area
- 16. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION History collection Physical examination Color flow duplex ultrasound imaging D- Dimer test
- 19. Treatment Goals ο§ To prevent propagation of the clot ο§ Prevent the development of new thrombi ο§ Prevent pulmonary emboli ο§ Limit venous valvular damage
- 20. Contβ¦ ο§ Bed rest ο§ Leg elevation ο§ Compression stockings ο§ Pharmacological measures
- 21. Cont⦠Unfractionated heparin ⒠Initial-5000U OR 80U/kg - IV ⒠Followed by maintain the APTT between 1.5 & 2.5 times the control. ⒠It given as 5 to 7 days
- 22. Contβ¦. LMWH Dosage β 250U/ kg every 12 hours. Eg; enoxaparin, dalteparin. Warfarin Dose of 5 mg per day
- 23. Cont⦠Thrombolytic therapy Eg;streptokinase, urokinase, recombinant tissue plasminogen(reteplase, alteplase)
- 24. Surgical management οΆThrombectomy- transvenous filtration device β’ Greenfield filter β’ Birdβs nest filter οΆGuidelines for safe practice
- 28. Varicose veins These are swollen,twisted and sometimes painful veins that have filled with an abnormal collection of blood.
- 30. Causes β’ Hereditary β’ Thrombophelebitis β’ Prolonged standing β’ Obesity & distended belly β’ Pregnancy
- 31. Cont⦠⒠Straining-chronic constipation, urinary retention, chronic cough. ⒠Prior surgery ⒠age
- 32. Pathophysiology Generally blood flow from the superficial veins to the deep veins To the large veins to the heart Venous blood flow work against gravity This is assisted by unidirectional intraluminal valves in the veins
- 33. Cont⦠Activity causes intermittent compression of the veins by muscles Pressure increases in the vein valves Incompetent valves Valve failure
- 34. Contβ¦. Veins become swollon and enlarged Become hard & tortuous Feeling of heaviness & pressure
- 35. Clinical manifestations β’ Aching ,heavy legs β’ Appearance of spider veins β’ Ankle swelling β’ Brownish blue shiny skin discolouration β’ Redness, dryness, itching of the affected area
- 36. Cont⦠⒠Cramps while standing ⒠Bleeding during minor injuries ⒠Hard swollon area ⒠Whitened irregular scar like patches in the ankles.
- 37. Diagnostic evaluation History collection Physical examination Tourniquet test Doppler ultrasound MRI
- 38. TREATMENT Conservative Elevation of legs Regular exercises Compression stockings Anti inflammatory medications
- 39. Contβ¦. Active Stripping - Removal of all or part of the saphenous vein . Endovascular laser surgery β uses a laser to destroy the veins. Radiofrequency ablation β heat to destroy the affected veins.
- 40. Contβ¦ Ligation β it is usually involved in an incision at the groin .here they tied saphenous vein to the femoral vein just at the entrance of the incision.
- 42. Laser therapy
- 43. Ablation therapy
- 44. Non surgical Sclerotherapy - Injecting the chemical inside the vein . Sclerosant agent-polidocanal, sclerodex. Lasers β it is used in case of small veins with vacosity.
- 45. Sclerotherapy
- 47. Complications ο§ Varicose ulsers ο§ Severe bleeding ο§ Acute necrosis