for cardio vascula nurses masters study. it is all about vericose vein

1. SCHOOL 0F NURSING
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING
Vericose Vein
Seminar Presentation
BY MENBER YILMA
ID NO. 4257/15
December 21/2023

2. Outline
• Introduction
• Causes
• Risk factors
• Symptoms
• Pathophysiology
• Diagnosis
• Prevention
• Treatment and nursing intervention of Vericose vein.

3. Vericose Vein

4. Introduction
• Varicose veins are enlarged, swollen, twisting veins that
often appear blue or dark purple in color.
• They typically develop on the legs, In most cases, on
the lower legs.
• Occur when veins become enlarged, dilated, and
overfilled with blood.
• They are often painful.

5. Causes of varicose veins
• Weak or damaged vein walls and valves

6. Risk Factors of Varicos Vein
• Age
• Sex (being female has high risk)
• Pregnancy
• Family history
• Obesity
• Prolonged standing and sitting

7. Symptoms of Vericose Veins
Localized symptoms may be unilateral or bilateral and
include
• pain,
• burning,
• itching, and
• tingling at the site of the varicose veins.

8. Symptoms Cont’D
Generalized symptoms consist of
• aching,
• heaviness,
• cramping,
• throbbing,
• restlessness, and
• swelling in the legs.
With time, darkening or hyperpigmentation around the ankles
becomes a classic feature of prolonged varicose veins, and
eventually ulceration.

9. Pathophysiology of Vericose vein
• Varicose veins originate from sustained raised blood pressure in
the superficial veins.
• Veins are normally gated by a one-way bicuspid valve system that
prevents the backward flow of blood.
• The venous system of limbs is divided by fascia into two sub-
systems- Superficial veins and Deep veins.
• These two venous systems are connected intermittently by
perforating veins that travel across fascia.

10. Pathophysiology Cont’D
• The deep veins are a high-pressure system supported by
muscle and deep fascia, which prevent abnormal dilatation of
these veins.
• Additionally, the muscles surrounding the deep veins help in
pumping blood towards the heart.
• The one-way valves and the negative pressure generated by the
emptying of deep veins help the blood in superficial veins flow
into the deep veins via the perforant/perforating collateral
veins.

11. Pathophysiology Cont’D
• The superficial veins are not supported by fascia.
• During systole, blood is prevented from re-entering the
superficial system through the closure of junctional (SFJ,
SPJ) and non-junctional perforators (NJP).
• This was originally thought to occur through the closure of
valves
• Instead, external pressure from the fascia and muscle
through which the perforators pass is thought to be
responsible for limiting outward blood flow

12. Pathophysiology Cont’D
• When standing motionless, with venous valves in the neutral
position, the pressure in the foot and calf veins gradually
increases.
• This causes valves to be weak or damage (Incompetent) ,
blood can flow backward and pool in the veins, causing the
veins to stretch or twist.
• finally Vericose vein occur.

14. VENOUS STRUCTURE OF LEGS

17. Diagnosis of Varicose Veins
• History
• Physical Examination
• Doper Ultrasound helps to detect blood clot and
valve function.

18. Complications
• Ulcers. Painful ulcers can form on the skin near varicose veins,
particularly near the ankles. A discolored spot on the skin usually
begins before an ulcer forms.
• Blood clots. Occasionally, veins deep within the legs become
enlarged and might cause leg pain and swelling.
• Bleeding. Occasionally, veins close to the skin burst. Although
this usually causes only minor bleeding, it requires medical
attention.

19. Prevention
• Avoiding high heels and tight footwear
• Changing sitting or standing position regularly (Avoid long
periods of sitting or standing. )
• Eating a high-fiber, low-salt diet
• Exercising
• Raising legs when sitting or lying down
• Follwup weight

20. Treatment of Vericose Vein
 The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms, keep varicose veins from
worsening,
• Lifestyle modification
• Compression therapy
• Endovenous ablation to close off a varicose vein.
• Sclerotherapy (chemical is injected into a varicose vein) to damage and scar the
inside lining of the vein, causing the vein to close. to seal off a varicose vein.
• Phlebectomy (several tiny cuts) to remove small varicose veins.
• Surgery ( Ligation and stripping ) to remove severe varicose veins

21. Nursing Managment
Providing health education about Vericose vein
Prevention.
Instructing the patient to
• Apply stockings in bed before getting up in the morning Long-
term compression therapy prevents increased venous pressure
from exacerbating varic
• Avoid prolonged standing or sitting.
• Reduce salt and alcohol intake
 Post surgery care

22. References
1. Meissner MH. Lower extremity venous anatomy. Semin Intervent Radiol. 2005
Sep;22(3):147-56. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-921948. PMID: 21326687; PMCID: PMC3036282.
2. van Langevelde K, Srámek A, Rosendaal FR. The effect of aging on venous valves.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010 Oct;30(10):2075-80. doi:
10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.209049. Epub 2010 Jul 29. PMID: 20671232.
3. https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/surgery/venous-care/conditions-
treatments/varicose-veins/varicose-veins-symptoms-diagnosis
4. w BrAdBury A. 24• Pathophysiology and Principles of Management of Varicose Veins.
Mechanisms of Vascular. 2011:451.
5. https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Varicose_veins_pathophysiology
6. https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/blood-heart-circulation/varicose-
veins/treatments.html

23. Thank You!