HISTORY OF AVIATION

1. THE HISTORY OF AVIATION
1

2. 2
ERAS IN AVIATION
• EARLY YEARS – 200 BC THRU 1890 AD
• PRE-POWERED FLIGHT – 1860-1903
• EARLY POWERED FLIGHT – 1903-1914
• WORLD WAR I – 1914 – 1918
• RECORDS ATTEMPTS – 1918 – 1939
• WORLD WAR II – 1939 – 1945
• JETS AND SPEED – 1945 – 1958
• SPACE

3. 3
FROM THE BEGINNING OF
HISTORY MAN HAS DREAMED
OF FLIGHT

4. EARLY YEARS 200
BC THRU 1890 AD
• GREEK MYTHOLOGY
– DAEDALUS & ICARUS
4

5. LINK TO
MAHABHARATA AND
RAMAYAN
During the time of Ramayan, Lord Rama had killed,
Lanka’s king Raavan. In this time, many astra-
shastra were used, which are used even today. If we
believe the scientists, the Brahmastra that was used
in that time is used as nuclear weapon in modern
day world.Similarly, the Pushpak Viman used by
Raavan, as per scientists, the technique to run it is
used in aeroplanes today. The word Viman is made
of two words. ‘Vi’ means sky and ‘Man’ means major
measurement. In total it means a thing to measure
the sky. There are many popular stories based on
this Viman.Sceintists reveal that the technology in
Ramayan times was more ahead as compared to
the technology used today.

6. EARLY YEARS 200
BC THRU 1890 AD
• GREEK MYTHOLOGY
– DAEDALUS & ICARUS
6

7. EARLY YEARS 200
BC THRU 1890 AD
• ITALIAN ARTIST/INVENTOR
– LEONARDO DA VINCI – 1452 AD -1519 AD
7

8. EARLY YEARS 200
BC THRU 1890 AD
• ITALIAN ARTIST/INVENTOR
– LEONARDO DA VINCI FORESAW THE
PARACHUTE, HELICOPTER AND AIRCRAFT
8

9. EARLY YEARS 200
BC THRU 1890 AD
• MONTGOLFIER BROTHERS - JOSEPH AND
JACQUES ETIENNE
MADE THE FIRST HOT AIR
BALLOON FLIGHT IN DECEMBER
1782 IN FRANCE
MADE FIRST MANNED FLIGHT
NOVEMBER 1783
•
•
9

10. EARLY YEARS 200
BC THRU 1890 AD
• CIVIL WAR – 1862 THROUGH 1865
– OBSERVATION BALLOONS WERE USED TO
MONITOR TROOPS AND SPOT ARTILARY
1
0

11. EARLY YEARS 200
BC THRU 1890 AD
• CIVIL WAR – 1862 THROUGH 1865
11

12. 12
EARLY YEARS 200
BC THRU 1890 AD
• INVENTIONS
– BALLOONS
• GAS
• HOT AIR
– CONCEPTS
• PARACHUTE
• HELICOPTER
• HUMAN POWERED GLIDER

13. 13
PRE-POWERED FLIGHT
1860-1903
• UNPOWERED GLIDERS
– OTTO LILENTHAL 1848-1896
– OCTAVE CHANUTE 1832-1910
– CAPTAIN F. FERBER
– WRIGHT BROTHERS

14. PRE-POWERED FLIGHT
1860-1903
• OTTO LILIENTHAL
14

15. PRE-POWERED FLIGHT
1860-1903
• OCTAVE CHANUTE
15

16. PRE-POWERED FLIGHT
1860-1903
• CAPTAIN F. FERBER
16

17. PRE-POWERED FLIGHT
1860-1903
• WRIGHT BROTHERS
17

18. 18
PRE-POWERED FLIGHT
1860-1903
• INVENTIONS
– RIGID FRAME AIRCRAFT
– HUMAN CONTROLED FLIGHT
• WEIGHT SHIFTING
– WING DESIGN
– PITCH CONTROL SURFACES

19. 19
EARLY POWERED FLIGHT
1903-1914
• EARLY POWERED FLIGHT
– SAMMUEL PIERPONT LANGLEY
– WRIGHT BROTHERS – ORVILE and WILBER
– GLEN CURTIS
– GLEN L MARTIN
– LOUIS BLEROIT
– CAL ROGERS
– LINCOLN BLEACHLEY

20. PRE-POWERED FLIGHT
1860-1903
• SAMUEL PIERPONT LANGLEY – 1834 TO 1906
20

21. EARLY POWERED FLIGHT
1903-1914
• WRIGHT BROTHERS – ORVILE AND WILBER
– FIRST POWERED HEAVIER-THAN-AIR FLIGHT
DECEMBER 17, 1903
21

22. EARLY POWERED FLIGHT
1903-1914
• GLEN CURTIS – 1878 TO 1930
– INVENTER AILERON CONTROLS
– MOTORCYCLE RACER
22

23. EARLY POWERED FLIGHT
1903-1914
• GLEN L MARTIN – 1886 TO 1955
– AIRCRAFTDESIGNER
23

24. EARLY POWERED FLIGHT
1903-1914
• LOUIS BLERIOT – 1872 TO 1936
– FRENCH INVENTOR
– FIRST AIRCRAFT TO FLY ACROSS THE ENGLISH
CHANNEL IN JULY 1909
24

25. EARLY POWERED FLIGHT
1903-1914
• CAL ROGERS – 1879 TO 1912
–
–
–
–
–
FIRST COAST TO COAST FLIGHT
84 DAYS, SEPTEMBER 17, 1911 TO NOVEMEBER 5, 1911
74 LANDINGS, INCLUDING 12 CRASHES
AIRCRAFT CALLED “VIN FIZ” AFTER A GRAPE SOFT DRINK.
AIRCRAFT WAS A WRIGHT MODEL EX FLYER
25

26. EARLY POWERED FLIGHT
1903-1914
• LINCOLN BEACHEY – 1887 TO 1915
– RACED AGAINST BARNEY OLDFIELD’S RACE
CAR AT COUNTY FARES
26

27. 27
EARLY POWERED FLIGHT
1903-1914
• INVENTIONS
– AIRCRAFT MOTORS
– PROPELLERS
– THREE AXIS FLIGHT CONTROLS
– WHEELED LANDING GEAR
– FLOAT PLANES
RECORDS SET FOR SPEED, DISTANCE, AND
ENDURANCE
AIR RACES BECAME POPULAR IN AMERICA AND
EUROPE
•
•

28. 28
WORLD WAR I
1914 - 1918
• WAR FOUGHT IN EUROPE BETWEEN ENGLAND
AND FRANCE AGAINST GERMANY AND AUSTRIA
• GREAT ADVANCES IN BOTH SINGLE ENGINE AND
MULTI-ENGINE AIRCRAFT AND DIRGIBLES

29. WORLD WAR I
1914 - 1918
• BRITISH AIRCRAFT
– TRAINER – AVRO 54K
29

30. WORLD WAR I
1914 - 1918
• BRITISH AIRCRAFT
– FIGHTERS – SOPWITH CAMEL
30

31. WORLD WAR I
1914 - 1918
• BRITISH AIRCRAFT
– FIGHTERS – SE-5A
31

32. WORLD WAR I
1914 - 1918
• BRITISH AIRCRAFT
– BOMBER – DEHAVILAND DH-4
32

33. WORLD WAR I
1914 - 1918
• FRENCH AIRCRAFT
– FIGHTERS – SPAD XII
33

34. WORLD WAR I
1914 - 1918
• FRENCH AIRCRAFT
– FIGHTERS – NEIUPORT 28
34

35. WORLD WAR I
1914 - 1918
• FRENCH AIRCRAFT
– ENGINE – GNOME 9-N
35

36. WORLD WAR I
1914 - 1918
• FRENCH AIRCRAFT
– ENGINE – HISPANO SUIZA 8BE
36

37. WORLD WAR I
1914 - 1918
• GERMAN AIRCRAFT
– FIGHTER – FORKER D-VII
37

38. WORLD WAR I
1914 - 1918
• GERMAN AIRCRAFT
– FIGHTER – FORKER Dr1
38

39. WORLD WAR I
1914 - 1918
• GERMAN AIRCRAFT
– FIGHTER – HALBERSTADT CL IV
39

40. WORLD WAR I
1914 - 1918
• GERMAN AIRCRAFT
– BOMBER – GOTHA
40

41. WORLD WAR I
1914 - 1918
• GERMAN AIRCRAFT
– DIRIGIBLE (ZEPPELINS)
41

42. WORLD WAR I
1914 - 1918
• ITALIAN AIRCRAFT
– BOMER – CAPRONI 36
42

43. WORLD WAR I
1914 - 1918
• AMERICAN AIRCRAFT
– TRAINERS – JENNY JN-4
43

44. WORLD WAR I
1914 - 1918
• AMERICAN AIRCRAFT
– TRAINERS – STANDARD J-1
44

45. WORLD WAR I
1914 - 1918
• AMERICAN AIRCRAFT
– TRAINERS – THOMAS MORSE SCOUT
45

46. WORLD WAR I
1914 - 1918
• AMERICAN AIRCRAFT
– ENGINES – CURTIS OX-5
46

47. WORLD WAR I
1914 - 1918
• AMERICAN AIRCRAFT
– ENGINES – LIBERTY V-12
47

48. 48
WORLD WAR I
1914 - 1918
• INVENTIONS
– INCREASED HORSE POWER ENGINES
• ROTARY AIR COOLED
• WATER COOLED
– MULTI-ENGINE AIRCRAFT
– DIRIGIBLES
– ADVANCE ARMAMENT

49. 49
BARNSTORMING, RECORDS ATTEMPTS
AND AIRLINES
1918 – 1939
AFTER THE END OF WORLD WAR I AVIATION INCREASED
RAPIDLY BECAUSE OF THE REASONS
•
•
•
•
•
SURPLUS AIRCRAFT READILY AVAILABLE
NUMEROUS TRAINED PILOTS
GREAT INTEREST IN AVIATION FROM PUBLIC
BEGINNING OF AIR TRANSPORTATION FOR GENERAL PUBLC
SPEED AND DISTANCE RECORDS

50. 50
BARNSTORMING, RECORDS ATTEMPTS
AND AIRLINES
1918 – 1939
• BARNSTORMING
– BARNSTORMING WAS AN ACTIVITY DONE BY MANY
WAORLD WAR I PILOTS THAT ALLOWED THEM TO KEEP
FLYING
– PILOTS WOULD PURCHASE SURPLUS AIRCRAFT AND FLY
THEM AROUND THE COUNTRY TO FAIRS SELLING RIDES
TO PASSENGERS AND DOING AEROBATIC FLIGHT
– AIRCRAFT WERE RARE AND MOST PROPLE HAD NOT
SEEN ONE FLYING, THEREFORE THERE WAS GREAT
INTEREST IN SEEING BARNSTORMERS
– MANY PEOPLE GOT THEIR FIRST RIDE IN AN AIRPLANE
WITH A BARNSTORMER

51. BARNSTORMING, RECORDS ATTEMPTS
AND AIRLINES
1918 – 1939
• FIRST AROUND THE WORLD FLIGHT FLOWN BY 4 ARMY
“WORLD CRUISER” AIRCRAFT IN 1924
51

52. BARNSTORMING, RECORDS ATTEMPTS
AND AIRLINES
1918 – 1939
• ROSCOE TURNER (WITH GILMORE) WAS AN EARLY RACER
52

53. 53
BARNSTORMING, RECORDS ATTEMPTS
AND AIRLINES
1918 – 1939
• EARLY AIRLINES
– AIRLINES WERE STARTED AFTER WORLD WAR I FLYING
PASSENGERS AND MAIL
– AIRLINE FLIGHTS CAUSED THE RAPID INCREASE IN THE
SIZE AND SPEED OF THESE AIRLINERS
– AIRLINES WENT FROM CRUDE BIPLANES TO METAL HIGH
PERFORMANCE AIRCRAFT IN A FEW SHORT YEARS
– THE FORD TIR-MOTOR AND THE DOUGLAS DC-3 WERE
TWO OF THE AIRLINERS DEVELOPED

54. BARNSTORMING, RECORDS ATTEMPTS
AND AIRLINES
1918 – 1939
• FORD TRI-MOTOR
–
–
–
THREE ENGINES
100 MPH CRUISE
14 PASSENGERS
54

55. BARNSTORMING, RECORDS ATTEMPTS
AND AIRLINES
1918 – 1939
• DOUGLAS DC-3
–
–
–
TWO ENGINES
180 MPH
24 PASSENGERS
55

56. BARNSTORMING, RECORDS ATTEMPTS
AND AIRLINES
1918 – 1939
• IGOR I. SIKORSKY WAS A RUSSIAN IMIGRANT WHO
DEVELOPED MANY AIRCRAFT INCLUDING THE HELICOPTER
AND LARGE FLYING BOATS
56

57. 57
RECORDS ATTEMPTS
1918 – 1939
• PRIZES FROM SPEED AND DISTANCE FLIGHTS
– CHARLES LINDBERG
– AMEILA AIRHART
– WILYE POST
– JIMMIE DOOLITTLE

58. 58
RECORDS ATTEMPTS
1918 – 1939
• CHARLES LINDBERG
– SELF TRAINED PILOT
– FLEW AIR MAIL
– FIRST SOLO FLIGHT FROM NEW YORK TO PARIS
– TEST PILOT
– FLEW COMBAT MISSIONS AGAINST JAPANESE AS A
CIVILIAN PILOT AND IS THOUGHT TO HAVE SHOT DOWN
AT LEAST ONE JAPANESE AIRCRAFT
– NATIONAL AVIATION EXPERT

59. RECORDS ATTEMPTS
1918 – 1939
• CHARLES LINDBERG GAINED FLYING EXPERIENCE WHILE
FLYING AIR MAIL FROM ST. LOUIS TO CHICAGO. HE HAD TO
BAIL OUT OF AN AIRPLANE ONCE.
59

60. RECORDS ATTEMPTS
1918 – 1939
• “Lindbergh Does It! New York To Paris in 33 1/2 Hours; Flies 1,000
Miles Through Snow and Sleet; Cheering French Carry Him Off
Field on May 21, 1927” - New York Times
60

61. RECORDS ATTEMPTS
1918 – 1939
• CHARLES LINDBERG FLEW WITH BOTH ARMY AIR CORPS
UNITS IN THE P-38 LIGHTENING AND MARINE UNITS IN THE
F4U CORSAIR
61

62. 62
RECORDS ATTEMPTS
1918 – 1939
• AMELIA EARHART
– BEGAN FLYING IN 1921
– SET WOMAN’S ALTITUDE RECORD OF 14,000 FEET IN 1922
– FIRST WOMAN TO FLY ACROSS ATLANTIC OCEAN FIRST
AS A PASSENGER IN 1928
– SET SPEED RECORDS FOR WOMEN
– FIRST WOMAN TO FLY SOLO ACROSS ATLANTIC OCEAN
AND COAST0TO-COAST IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1932
– SET NUMEROUS SOLO DISTANCE FLIGHT RECORDS
– LOST IN PACIFIC OCEAN WHILE TRYING TO FLY AROUND
THE WORLD IN 1937

63. • AMEILIA EARHART WAS AN EARLY FEMALE PILOT BORN IN
ATCHINSON KANSAS WHO SET SPEED AND DISTANCE
RECORDS
RECORDS ATTEMPTS
1918 – 1939
63

64. RECORDS ATTEMPTS
1918 – 1939
• AMEILIA EARHART HELPED TO ORGANIZE AND FLEW IN
“POWDER PUFF DERBY” AIR RACES FOR WOMEN
64

65. RECORDS ATTEMPTS
1918 – 1939
• AMEILIA EARHART SET MANY RECORDS FLYING HER
LOCKHEED VEGA
65

66. RECORDS ATTEMPTS
1918 – 1939
• AMEILIA EARHART WAS LOST WITH HER NAVIGATOR ED
NOONAN SOMEWHERE NEAR HOWLAND ISLAND IN THE
PACFIC OCEAN IN 1937 WHILE FLYING HER LOCKHEED 12
66

67. 67
RECORDS ATTEMPTS
1918 – 1939
• WILEY POST
– BORN IN GRAND SALINE, TEXAS IN 1898
– STARTER IN BARNSTORMING AS SKY DIVER IN 1924
– LOST SIGHT IN ONE AS A RESULT OF AN ACCIDENT
– TRAINED HINSELF TO FLY WITH ONE EYE
– FLEW AS PERSONNEL PILOT FOR F. C. HALL IN LOCKHEED
VEGA “WINNIE MAE”
– FLEW AROUND TO WORLD WITH NAVIGATOR HARLOD
GATTY IN 1931
– FLEW AROUND THE WORLD SOLO IN 1933
– FLEW HIGH ALTITUDE EXPERIMENTS IN 1934
– DIED IN AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT WITH WILL ROGERS IN 1935

68. RECORDS ATTEMPTS
1918 – 1939
• WILYE POST’S LOCKHEED VEGA “WINNIE MAE”
68

69. RECORDS ATTEMPTS
1918 – 1939
• WILEY POST AND HAROLD GATTY FLEW THE “WINNIE MAE”
AROUND THE WORLD IN 1931 IN 8 DAYS, 16 HOURS
69

70. RECORDS ATTEMPTS
1918 – 1939
• WILYE POST FLEW AROUNGD THE WORLD SOLO IN 1933 IN 7
DAYS, 19 HOURS
70

71. RECORDS ATTEMPTS
1918 – 1939
• WILYE POST PIONEERED HIGH ALTITUDE FLIGHT WITH A
PRESSURE SUIT THAT HE HELPED TO DESIGN. HE FLEW THE
WINNIE MAE AS HIGH AS 50,000 FEET AND DISCOVERED THE
JET STREAM.
71

72. 72
RECORDS ATTEMPTS
1918 – 1939
• JIMMIE DOOLITTLE
– ARMY TRAINED PILOT WON BOTH BENDIX AND
THOMPSON THROPY RACES
– WORKED FOR SHELL OIL COMPANY TO DEVELOP HIGH
OCTANE GASOLINE
– MADE FIRST “BLIND” TAKEOFF AND LANDING IN193X
– COMMANDED FIRST BOMBER RAID AGAINST JAPAN USING
B-25 BOMBERS FLOWN FROM THE AIRCRAFT CARRIER
“HORNET”
– COMMANDER OF THE EIGHTH AIR FORCE IN ENGLAND
– DEVELOPED BUSINESS AVIATION FOR SHELL OIL AFTER
WORLD WAR II

73. RECORDS ATTEMPTS
1918 – 1939
• JIMMIE DOOLITTLE WITH TRAVEL AIR (BEECHCRAFT)
“MYSTERY SHIP” RACER
73

74. RECORDS ATTEMPTS
1918 – 1939
• JIMMIE DOOLITTLE’S 1932 GEE BEE RACER
74

75. RECORDS ATTEMPTS
1918 – 1939
• The B-25 MEDIUM BOMBER WAS ONE OF AMERICA’ MOST
FAMOUS AIRPLANES OF WORLD WAR II. IT WAS THE TYPE OF
BOMBER USED BY GENERAL JIMMIE DOOLITTLE FOR THE
“TOKYO RAID” ON APRIL 18, 1942
75

76. • In June 1985, retired Lieutenant General James H. Doolittle became
General James H. Doolittle when President Reagan and Senator
Goldwater pinned on the same four-star insignia that General
George Patton had given him on the occasion of Patton receiving
his fourth star more than 40 years earlier.
RECORDS ATTEMPTS
1918 – 1939
76

77. 77
RECORDS ATTEMPTS
1918 – 1939
• INVENTIONS
– GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS FOR “BLIND”
– RADIO NAVIGATION
– HIGH ALTITUDE FLIGHT
– HIGH OCTANE GASOLINE
– GLOBAL NAVIGATION

78. 78
WORLD WAR II
1939 - 1945
• WORLD WAR II INVOLVED ALL OF THE MAJOR COUNTRIES OF
THE WORLD. AVIATION MADE GIANTIC ADVANCES DURING
THIS PERIOD.
– PRESSURIZED BOMBER CABINS
– ALL WEATHER FLIGHT
– JET PROPULSION
– ENORMOUS NUMBER OF AIRCRAFT PRODUCED
– RADAR AND RADIO NAVIGATION

79. 79
WORLD WAR II
1939 - 1945
• WORLD WAR II BROUGHT THE ADVENT OF HIGH POWER AND
HIGH SPEED AIRCRAFT FROM ALL COUNTRIES
VERY EARLY IN THE WAR SOME BIPLANES WERE USED,
MOSTLY BY THE BRITISH, BUT THESE WERE RAPIDLY
REPLACED
MANY THOUSANDS OF AIRCRAFT WERE PRODUCED BY ALL
COUNTRIES
VERY LARGE INCREASES IN AIRCRAFT SPEED AND ALTITUDE
OCCURRED DURING THIS TIME
•
•
•

80. WORLD WAR II
1939 - 1945
• EARLY SUCCESSFUL WERE THE BRITISH FAIRLY SWORDFISH
AND GLOSTER GALDIATOR
80

81. WORLD WAR II
1939 - 1945
• EARLY FIGHTER OPPONENTS DURING THE BATTLE OF
BRITAIN WERE THE MESSERSCHMITT 109, SUPERMARINE
SPITFIRE AND HAWKER HURRICANE
81

82. WORLD WAR II
1939 - 1945
• THE GERMANS USED JUNKER STUKA DIVE BOMBERS,
HEINKLE 111 AND DORNIER 217 BOMBERS TO ATTACK
ENGLAND DURING THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN
82

83. WORLD WAR II
1939 - 1945
• IN THE PACIFIC FRONT JAPANESE ZEROS WERE FOUGHT BY
AMERICAN VOLUNTERS FLYING CURTIS P-40 FOR THE
CHINESE GOVERNMENT
83

84. 84
WORLD WAR II
1939 - 1945
• AS WORLD WAR II PROGRESSED THE PRODUCTION OF
AIRCRAFT ACCELERATED AT AN INCREDIBLE RATE.
WHOLE TOWN SUCH AS PLANEVIEW IN WICHITA WERE
CONSTRUCTED TO HOUSE THE AIRCRAFT WORKERS.
THOUSAND OF PEOPLE WHO HAD BEEN FARMERS AND
HOUSEWIVES WERE TRAINED TO MANUFACTURE AIRCRAFT
AND OTHER WAR MATERIALS.
THE WOMEN IN THE AIRCRAFT INDUCTRY WERE
SYMBOLIZED BY “ROSIE THE RIVETER”
•
•

85. 85
WORLD WAR II
1939 - 1945
• IN THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER COUNTRIES TENS OF
THOUSAND OF PEOPLE WERE TRAINED TO BE PILOTS,
NAVIGATORS, GUNNERS AND BOMBARDIERS FOR THE
AIRCRAFT.
THOUSANDS MORE PEOPLE WERE TRAINED TO MAINTAIN
AND REPAIR THESE AIRCRAFT.
OTHER SUPPORT PEOPLE SUCH AS RADIO OPERATORS AND
WEATHER MEN WER TRAINED.
AIR BASES WERE CONSTRUCTED THROUGH OUT THE
WORLD TO SUPPORT THE WAR EFFORT.
•
•
•

86. 86
WORLD WAR II
1939 - 1945
• THE UNITED STAES ENTERED WORLD WAR II AFTER THE
JAPANESE BOMED OUR BASE IN PEARL HARBOR IN THE
HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.
• AFTER ENTERING THE WAR THE UNITED STATES EXPANDED
AIRCRAFT PRODUCTION TO MORE THAN 100,000 AIRCRAFT
PER YEAR.
• NEW ROUTES WERE DEVELOPED TO FLY THESE AIRCRAFT
ALL OVER THE WORLD FROM ALASKA TO AUSTRALIA.

87. WORLD WAR II
1939 - 1945
• AIRCRAFT DEVELOPMENT PROGRESSED AT A RAPID PACE
THROUGHOUT THE WAR. SUCH FAMOUS BOMBERS AS THE
B-17, B-24 AND B-29 WERE USED BY THE UNITED STATES
87

88. WORLD WAR II
1939 - 1945
• THE UNITED STATES ARMY AIR CORPS DEVELOPED HIGH
SPEED LONG RANGE PISTON ENGINE FIGHTERS SUCH AS
THE P-51 MUSTANG, P-47 THUNDERBOLT AND P-38
LIGHTNING
88

89. WORLD WAR II
1939 - 1945
• THE UNITED STATES NAVY USED CARRIER BASED FIGHTERS
AND BOMBERS SUCH AS THE F6F HELLCAT, F4U CORSAIR
AND TBM AVENGER
89

90. 90
WORLD WAR II
1939 - 1945
• WORLD WAR II CAUSED THE DEVELOPMENT OF WORLD WIDE
AIRWAYS, AIRPORTS AND MAPPING OF PREVIOUSLY
UNEXPLORED AREAS.
• TRANSPORTATION OF WAR MATERIALS RESULTED IN THE
DEVELOPMENT AIR AICRAFT WITH GREATER CAPACITY TO
CARRY CARGO AND PERSONNEL.

91. WORLD WAR II
1939 - 1945
• THE PRINCIPLE CARGO AIRCRAFT USED BY THE UNITED
STATES WERE THE C-46 COMMANDO, C-47 DAKOTA, C-54
SKYMASTER AND C-69 CONSTELLATION
91

92. WORLD WAR II
1939 - 1945
• THE UNITED STATES ARMY USED ITS FIRST HELICOPTER IN
WORLD WAR II. THIS AIRCRAFT WAS THE SIKORSKY R4
HOVERFLY.
92

93. WORLD WAR II
1939 - 1945
• DURING WORLD WAR II THE GERMAN MILITARY DEVELOPED
JET AND ROCKET POWERED AIRCRAFT AND JET AND
ROCKET GUIDED MISSILES
93

94. 94
WORLD WAR II
1939 - 1945
• INVENTIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS
– POWER PLANTS
• TURBOCHARGED/SUPERCHARGED PISTON ENGINES
• JET ENGINES
• ROCKET ENGINES
– LONG RANGE MULTI-ENGINE AIRCRAFT
– RADIO NAVIGATION AND COMMUNICATION
– PRESSURIZED HIGH ALTITUDE AIRCRAFT

95. 95
JETS AND SPEED
• THE POST WORLD WAR II ERA PROVIDED THE AVIATION
COMMUNITY WITH THOUSANDS OF SURPLUS AIRCRAFT AND
TRAINED PILOTS
• MANY PEOPLE THOUGHT THAT THIS WOULD CAUSE AN
EXPLOSION OF PRIVATE AVIATION, HOWEVER THIS DID NOT
HAPPEN AS EXPECTED
• THERE WAS A GREAT INCREASE IN THE PERFORMANCE OF
HIGH SPEED AIRCRAFT USING INFORMATION PRIMARILY
GATHERED FROM GERMANY SCIENTISTS

96. JETS AND SPEED
• THE EARLY AMERICAN JET FIGHTER AIRCRAFT WERE IN
DEVELOPMENT AT THE END OF WORLD WAR II
THESE AIRCRAFT WERE THE P-59 AIRACOMET AND P-80
SHOOTING STAR
•
96

97. JETS AND SPEED
• DURING THE LATE 1940’s DURING WERE MANY JET BOMBER
DESIGNS BUILT AND FLOWN TO EXPERIMENT WITH HIGH
SPEED JET POWERED AIRCRAFT. THESE INCLUDE THE B-45,
B-46, B-48 AND B-49
97

98. JETS AND SPEED
• EXPERIMENTAL ROCKET AIRCRAFT WERE DEVELOPED TO
REACH VERY HIGH SPEEDS
• THE BELL X-1 AIRCRAFT PILOTED WORLD WAR II FIGHTER
PILOT CHUCK YEAGER BROKE THE SPEED OF SOUND
98

99. JETS AND SPEED
• THERE WERE MANY EXPERIMENTAL AIRCRAFT DEVELOPED
IN THE LATE 1940’s AND THE 1950’s RESEARCHING MANY
ASSPECTS OF FLIGHT
99

100. JETS AND SPEED
• CIVILIAN AVIATION BEGAN TO DEVELEOP NEW IMPROVED
AIRCRAFT SUCH AS THE BEECH BONANZA AND THE CESSNA
170. MODERNIZED VERSIONS OF THESE AIRCRAFT ARE
STILL IN PRODUCTION TODAY
10
0

101. JETS AND SPEED
• COMMERCIAL AIRLINES INITIALLY USED SURPLUS MILITARY
AIRCRAFT TO ESTABLISH NEW AIRLINES. MANUFACTURES
DEVELOPED NEW AIRCRAFT INCLUDING THE DOUGLAS DC-6
AND THE PRESSURIZED DOUGLAS DC-7 AND LOCKHEED
SUPER CONSTELLATION
101

102. JETS AND SPEED
• THE NAVY ALSO BEGAN TO USED JET PWERED AIRCRAFT.
THE FIRST JET FIGHTER TO FLY FROM AN AIRCRAFT
CARRIER WAS THE McDONNELL FH-1 PAHNTOM. THIS WAS
FOLLWED BY THE F2H BANSHEE AND THE NORTH AMERICAN
FJ-1 FURY
102

103. JETS AND SPEED
• THE KOREAN WAR BROUGHT THE FIRST JET VERSUS JET
COMBAT WHEN THE NORTH AMERICAN F-86 SABER JET
FOUGHT THE RUSSIAN MIG-15
103

104. JETS AND SPEED
• DURING THE KOREAN WAR THE AIR FORCE AND THE NAVY
USED HELICOPTERS TO RESCUE WOUNDED SOLDIERS AND
DOWNED FLIGHT CREWS. THESE HELICOPTERS INCLUDED
THE SIKORSKY H-19 CHICKASAW AND H-5 DRAGON FLY
104

105. JETS AND SPEED
• THE “COLD WAR” WITH THE RUSSIANS BROUGHT ABOUT
RAPID ADVANCES IN THE SIZE AND SPEED OF THE BOMBERS
USED BY THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE. THE MAIN
BOMBERS WERE THE B-36 PEACEMAKER, B-47 STRATOJET
AND B-52 STRATOFORTRESS
105

106. JETS AND SPEED
• DURING EARLY 1950’s JET THE EARLY JET POWERED
AIRLINERS WERE BUILT BY BRITISH COMPANIES. THE
DEHAVILLAND COMET AND VICKERS VISCOUNT TURBOPROP
LED THE WAY
106

107. JETS AND SPEED
• THE AMERICAN AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY QUICKLY FOLLOWED
THE BRITISH BY COMING OUT WITH FASTER AND LONGER
RANGE JET AIRLINERS, THE BOEING 707 AND THE DOUGLAS
DC-8. BTOH OF THESE AIRCRAFT HAD LONGER SERVICE
LIVES AND ARE STILL IN USE TODAY. THE 707 WAS THE
FIRST JET “AIR FORCE ONE” PRESIDENTIAL AIRCRAFT
107

108. JETS AND SPEED JETS AND SPEED
• BOTH MILITARY FIGHTERS AND BOMBERS BECAME CAPABLE
OF SUPERSONIC FLIGHT IN THE 1950’s WITH THE “CENTURY
SERIES” FIGHTER AND THE B-58 HUSTLER BOMBER
108

109. JETS AND SPEED
• THE PRESSURES OF THE COLD WAR LED TO THE
DEVELOPMENT OF BOTH MEDIUM RANGE AND
INTERCONTINENTAL RANGE BALLISTIC MISSLES SUCH AS
THE REDSTONE, ATLAS AND TITAN MISSLES
109

110. JETS AND SPEED
• THE RUSSIANS SHOCKED THE WORLD WHEN THEY
LAUNCHED THE FIRST SPACE SATELLITE IN OCTOBER 1957.
THIS BASKETBALL SIZED, 183 POUND SATETLLITE WAS
CALLED SPUTNIK
110

111. JETS AND SPEED
• THE UNITED STATES FOLLOWED THE RUSSIANS BY
LAUNCHING A 32 POUND SATELLITE CALLED EXPLORER IN
JANUARY 1958. THE SPACE RACE HAD STARTED
111