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Chapter 1
- 1. CHAPTER ONE AIRCRAFT POWERPLANT CLASSIFICATION AND PROGRESS
- 2. OBJECTIVES • TO DEVELOP AN AWARENESS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AIRCRAFT POWERPLANTS BE ABLE TO: DISCUSS THE HISTORY OF AIRCRAFT ENGINES EXPLAIN AIRCRAFT ENGINE CLASSIFICATION
- 3. INTRODUCTION • MANKIND WAS FLYING HUNDREDS OF YEARS BEFORE THE FIRST SUCCESSFUL HEAVIER THAN AIR FLIGHT LIGHTER-THAN-AIR GLIDERS MANNED KITES IN ASIA
- 4. INTRODUCTION (CONT’D) • FIRST SUCCESSFUL GAS ENGINE WAS DEVELOPED IN 1860 FIRST SUCCESSFUL A/C ENGINE WAS DEVELOPED BY WRIGHT BROS AND THEIR MECHANIC CHARLES TAYLOR
- 5. DEVELOPMENT OF AIRCRAFT ENGINES • FIRST SUCCESSFUL ENGINE – WRIGHT BROS 4 CYLINDER - 12 HP • DEVELOPMENT ACCELERATED BY WWI • POST WWI ENGINES: OX-5 PACKARD V-12 RADIALS: WASP AND HORNET
- 6. RADIAL ENGINES • MAIN ENGINE TYPES FROM WW I UNTIL THE ADVENT OF TURBINE ENGINES STILL IN SERVICE TODAY SINGLE AND DOUBLE-ROW TYPES LOWEST WT TO HP RATIO OF ALL PISTON ENGINES • MULTIPLE-ROW USED FROM WW II UNTIL TURBINE ENGINES
- 7. LIGHT AIRPLANES AND HELICOPTERS • OPPOSED, FLAT, OR “O-TYPE” ENGINES ARE MOST POPULAR HP RANGES FROM LESS THAN 100 HP TO MORE THAN 400 OPPOSED-TYPE ENGINES HAVE THEIR CYLINDERS MOUNTED HORIZONTALLY
- 8. ENGINE DESIGN AND CLASSIFICATION • CLASSIFICATION BASED ON VARIOUS CHARACTERISTICS: CYLINDER ARRANGEMENT COOLING METHOD STROKES PER CYCLE • CLASSIFICATION MAY INCLUDE SOME OBSOLETE TYPES
- 9. ENGINE CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO CYLINDER ARRANGEMENT
- 10. DEVELOPED BY JD GEBHARDT 2000 CURRENT CLASSIFICATION • CLASSIFIED BY CYLINDER ARRANGEMENT AND DISPLACEMENT LETTERS TO DESIGNATE TYPE AND CHARACTERISTIC NUMBERS INDICATE DISPLACEMENT
- 11. PROGRESS IN DESIGN • THEORY OF DIMISHING RETURN: RECIPROCATING ENGINES LOSE EFFICIENCY IF THEY WERE TO GET MUCH BIGGER LIGHT AIRCRAFT HAVE BENEFITTED FROM ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY SINCE WW II
- 12. JET PROPULSION • FIRST JET-POWERED FLIGHT IN GERMANY IN 1939 • SIR FRANK WHITTLE - GREAT BRITAIN/USA
- 13. CONCEPTS AND DESIGNS • NEW DESIGNS INCLUDE BOTH TURBINE AND RECIPROCATING ENGINES • VOYAGER ENGINE • PORSCHE PFM 3200 • AIRCRAFT ROTARY ENGINES • TURBINE POWER • PROP-FAN
- 14. REVIEW • ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DIFFERENT TYPES • DEVELOPMENT SINCE WRIGHT BROS • ENGINE CLASSIFICATION • CURRENT ENGINE DEVELOPMENT