Each individual is interesting and reacts to each kind of guiding contrastingly .... Discovering this data can in some cases require a lot of exertion, ...

1. DR.VINOLI.S.G
PROFESSOR
UNIVERSAL COLLEGE OF NURSING
BANGALORE

2.  The counselor is the central figure and plays
more active role, where he directs the
counselee to take steps in order to resolve his
conflicts.
 It believes in the limited capacity of the client.
 The client makes the decision, but the
counselor tries to direct the thinking of the
counselee by in forming, explaining,
interpreting & advising.

3.  The counselee takes an active part in the process of
therapy.
 He gains insight in to his problem with the help of the
counselor.
 The counselor’s role is passive.
 The goal is the independence and integration of the
client rather than the problem oriented.
 The counselor creates an atmosphere in which the
client can workout his own understanding.

4.  In this counseling the client has to be led to a
point of self actualization, self realization and
self help.
 This method is useful in solving educational,
vocational and marital problems.
 The client has to make the final decision.

5.  It used in situational crisis in which disruption
of life occurred.
 It focuses or concern of the client or family.
 Counselor will assist the client and guides
problem- solving in a systematic way or
decision making.

6.  It extends over a prolonged period of time.
 It focused for the client who experiences
developmental crisis may need long-term
counseling. Eg. Women with menopause,
women with breast feeding.
 Support groups can be involved in group
counselling.

7.  The counselor will make use of both directive
and non-directive counseling which may be
considered useful for the purpose of modifying
the ideas and attitudes of the counselee.
 The techniques are electic in nature because
they have been derived from all sources of
counseling, selecting the best and leaving out
that what is least required.

8.  It is mainly used in clinical setting.
 It describes the problem and also suggests the
solution or remedies for the problem.
 It includes training, actual practice in
diagnosis, treatment, prevention and research.
 It find the functional maladjustments and to
find better adjustment and self expression.

9.  The rely simply on conversation between client
therapist.
 This may take in the form of questions &
answers, reconstruction of past history or
discussion of current difficulties.
 The therapist may offer/may give him,
a) encouragement
b) give information & advise
c) hope

10.  Psychologically trained individual consciously
attempts verbally to assist the other persons to
modify emotional attitudes which the subject is
aware of the personality reorganization
through which he is undergoing.
 The person will attain higher level of social and
personal development.

11.  It is concerned with helping the student to
solve his problems pertaining to the choice of
educational institutions, courses, methods of
study, adjustment, vocational choice etc.

12.  Counselor will advise to the counselee in
regard to jobs and posts which are
suitable to the client depends upon his
abilities, attitudes and interests.

13.  Advise and help will be provided in selecting
the suitable spouse.
 To identify the positive aspects of relationship
as well as those cause conflict.
 To solve the problems related to their marital
problems and marital relationships.

14.  Procedure centered about the problem of
selecting a vocation and preparing for it.
 If any problem arises within the specified
vocation, necessary steps or advises will be
carried out to solve those problems.

15.  Counseling may be preceded by an interview.
 It will be used to get information, to give
information and to change behavior.
 During the closing phase, the client makes
decisions and plans, modifies his behavior and
solves his problems.

16.  New way of working to help people,
where peer group values are more
important. Eg adolescences.
 Sometime it is successful with students
who have not responded well to
individual counseling.

17.  To change specific and particular
behavior and to treat the behavioral
disorders ‘behavioral counseling’ will be
effective.

18.  Helping the client to learn more about diet and
nutritional needs.

19.  It involves discussing feelings and incentives
with the client.
 The counselor can encourage to establish
helping relationship to avoid despair feelings
and work through the feelings of their
motivation.

20.  Patients are encouraged to consider whether
there may be better ways of coping with these
difficulties.
 It deals with changes in life events, current
difficulties in relationships.
 Sources of persistent distress in the family or
place of work.

21.  It focuses on working through the stages of
grief.
 It combines an opportunity for emotional
release including the expression of despair and
anger.

22.  Suitable for patients with reactions to stress
and with minor affective disorder.
 It helps to identify and list problems that are
causing distress.
 Select one problem and try out the course of
action that appears most feasible and to
succeed.
 Review the results.

23.  The team members like psychologists,
physicians, social workers and teachers may
cooperate in making case studies of an
individual and thus collect useful data which
may provide unique information about an
individual.
 It is a detailed study of an individual,
conducted for the purpose of bringing about
better adjustment of the person, who is subject
of investigation.

24.  It helps the pupils to get maximum benefit out
of education and solve their problems related
to education.
 To give information about higher education
and stimulate them to consider them carefully.

25.  To develop referral services for health guidance
–social, mental & physical.
 To provide sex education.
 To help the authorities in the supervision and
maintenance of proper sanitation in and
around the hostel.
 To help students to develop interest in games
and other activities which will promote health.

26.  Provides advise on personal problems.
 Provides at the right time or suggestions to
improve personal appearance.
 Help pupils to develop interpersonal skills.
 Helps pupils to accept themselves and others.

27.  It is undertaken with a view to
 Providing & developing, learning experiences
to inculcate right ideals and conduct of living.
 Providing training in correct social convictions.
 Enabling the pupils to inculcate and priorities
their values that would be beneficial to them
and the society.

28.  Pupils needs opportunities of self expression in
which they can try out their talents and express
themselves.
 Counseling function in this area helps the
pupils to find opportunities for creative use of
their leisure time.

29.  Groups formed by the individual suffering
from same problem.
 Each member of the group shares his/her
problems and all participants work together
towards their solutions.
 This provides its members with many valuable
experiences and facilitates self exploration, self
understanding and self acceptance.
 It eliminate isolation & shyness.

30.  Many students would prefer discussing their
problems with their fellow members rather
than with their tutors and counselors.
 It can be used at the initial stage of the
problems and screening of individual with
problems.
 It can be made more effective by identifying
potential counselors amongst the students and
giving the some training.

31.  Is meant to help the pupils become fully aware
of herself and the new environment so that at
the beginning of school/college career, she is
oriented to purpose, history, nature and scope
of nursing education and practice.

32.  Is meant to gather record, maintain and use
adequate information about each pupil.
 The purpose of this service is to help each pupil
achieve her optimum potential and for helping
her to self insight as the progress through
education and occupation of parents.

33.  To serve the individual and society.
 This service acquaints the nursing students
with different types of workers, particularly
community helpers, assists them to see and
gives them information about higher training
and courses available to them.