This document provides an overview of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). It discusses that NGOs are neither part of a government nor conventional businesses and can be funded through various sources. The term NGO was coined in 1945 when the UN was formed. NGOs work in areas like human rights, the environment, health, and development. They are organized through staffing, funding, overhead costs, and monitoring. NGOs operate at various levels from local to international. The top 10 NGOs in India are also listed.

1. Non Governmental
Organization
PRESENTED BY,
P.VIGNESHWARAN
MFT 15066(FEX)

2. INTRODUCTION
• A non-governmental organization (NGO) is an organization that is
neither a part of a government nor a conventional for-profit business.
• NGOs may be funded by governments, foundations, schools, businesses or
private people.
• Some may have charitable status, while others may be registered for tax
exemption based on recognition of social purposes. Others may be fronts
for political, religious, or other interests.

3. HISTORY
• The term "non-governmental organization" was first coined in 1945, when
the United Nations (UN) was created and there were 1083 NGOs.
• According to the UN any kind of private organization that is independent
from government control can be termed as ‘NGO’.
• In some countries the term NGO is applied to an organization that in
another country would be called as NPO (non profit organization).

4. Contd.,
• International NGOs were important in the anti-slavery movement and the
movement for women's suffrage.
• Based on Societies Registration Act (SRA) NGO was approved in 1860.
• India is estimated to had around 2 million NGOs in 2014.

5. Alternative Terms
• Apart from "NGO", there are many alternative terms in use, including:
1.Third Sector Organization (TSO),
2.Non-profit Organization (NPO),
3.Voluntary Organization (VO),
4.Civil Society Organization (CSO),

6. Contd.,
5.Grassroots Organization (GO),
6.Social Movement Organization (SMO),
7.Private Voluntary Organization (PVO) and
8.Self-help Organization (SHO).

7. ACTIVITIES
• It includes Human rights, Environmental, Improving health, or
development work.
• An NGO's level of operation indicates the scale at which an organization
works, such as local, regional, national, or international.

8. ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
Staffing
Funding
Overhead costs
Monitoring and control

9. Working of NGOs

10. 1.First tier :-
It is main source of funding. It includes government bodies, international agencies
or individuals etc.
2.Second tier: –
Main function of this tier is to distribute the funds provided by first tier.
3.Third tier :–
This tier includes NGOs. Its function is to link with fund applicant.
4.Fourth tier :–
This tier represents the recipient of funds provided by NGOs.

11. By Area of Interest
• Research
• Aged and elderly
• Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries
• Animal Welfare
• Art & Culture
• Biotechnology
• Children

12. By Organization
• Ministry
• Private Ltd Company
• Foundation
• Bilateral Agency
• Government
• Public Sector Unit
• Multilateral Agency

13. NGO REGISTRATION
1. Non Profit Company under Section 8 of Indian Companies Act 2013
2. Indian Trust Act, 1882
NGO registration is a initial stage to work and move towards
Social Service Sector. After registration of NGO how to keep its
status in active condition and how to achieve the targets to complete
the Objects for which NGOs are formed.

14. Types of NGO
A. NGO types By orientation :
1. Professional association
A group of people in a learned occupation who are entrusted with
maintaining control or oversight of the legitimate practice of the
occupation
To safeguard the public interest
It also represent the interest of the professional practitioners

15. 2. Empowering orientation
The aim is to help poor people develop a clearer understanding of the
social, political and economic factors affecting their lives.
To strengthen their awareness of their own potential power to control their
lives.

16. 3. Charitable Orientation
It includes NGOs with activities directed toward meeting the needs of the
poor
E.g.: distribution of food, clothing or medicine; provision of housing,
transport, schools etc.
Such NGOs may also undertake relief activities during a natural or man-
made disaster.

17. 4.Participatory Orientation :
• It is characterized by self-help projects where local people are
involved particularly in the implementation of a project by
contributing Cash, tools, land, materials, labour etc.
5. Service Orientation :
• It includes NGOs with activities such as the provision of health,
family planning or education services

18. B.NGO Types by level of operation:
1. Community-based Organizations (CBOs) :
Created by people’s own interest .
These can include sports clubs, women's organizations, neighbourhood
organizations, religious or educational organizations.
Main objective of these organizations is to help urban people and aware
them to understand their rights and provide required services.

19. 2. Citywide Organizations :
They include various organizations related to sports, education and
association of community based organizations.
For example chambers of commerce and industry, coalition of business,
educational group.

20. 3. National NGOs :
These are professional organizations. Function of these NGOs is to
support local NGOs
It include organizations such as the Red Cross, YMCAs/YWCAs (Young
Men's Christian Association ) /(Young Women's Christian Association) ,
professional organizations etc.

21. 4.International NGOs :
Main function of this NGOs is funding to local NGOs, implementing
various projects.
It range from secular agencies such as REDDA BARNA and Save the
Children organizations, CARE, UNDP, and UNICEF, Ford and
Rockefeller Foundations to religiously motivated groups.

22. Approaches under NGO
1. Grassroots development :
It targets disadvantaged groups through small, locally based projects.
These projects usually involve training and education programs to transfer
skills and build the capacity and confidence of local organisations and
communities.
This approach at its most successful allows the benefits of a project to
continue beyond the duration of the project itself.

23. 2.Humanitarian/Emergency Relief
• It focuses on relief in times of disaster such as earthquakes, floods and
cyclones.
• NGOs in this area aim to gain access to disaster zones as quickly as
possible to provide emergency health services and food aid.

24. 3. Advocacy
It aims to draw public attention to an issue and influence government
policy either on behalf of, or alongside, a particular community interest
group.
It can be approached through high level policy dialogues, lobbying, or
through grassroots and community campaigning.
The level of involvement of affected communities differ with each
organisation.

25. 4. Volunteer
 Programs run by NGOs facilitate sending volunteers overseas to offer
technical assistance, project support and capacity building in a variety of
sectors such as nursing, education, engineering and agriculture.

26. TOP 10 NGOs IN INDIA
1. Help age India
2. Barefoot college
3. Aravind Eyecare System
4. Smile foundation
5. Goonj
6. Planet read
7. Give India

27. Contd.,
8. Gram Vikas
9. Pratham
10. Udaan

28. NGO’s in Tamil Nadu – North
• GAIA International Organization (GIO); Thiruvanmiur, Chennai.
• SOHES; Kanchipuram.
• MSSRF; Poombuhar.
• Fisheries Professional Organization (FPO); Chennai.

29. NGO’s in Tamil Nadu - South
• Village Resource Centre of MSSRF; Nagarcoil, Kanyakumari.
• Village Resource Centre of MSSRF; Ramanathapuram.
• OMCAR foundation; Pattukottai.
• Chevallar Roshe Society (CRS), Derose centre; Thoothukkudi.

30. Thank u